Beauty Tips Women 50+ Have for Their 20-Year-Old Self

1. Always Wear Sunscreen

One of the most frequent pieces of advice from women over 50 is to make sunscreen a daily ritual, regardless of the weather or season. UV rays are the primary culprit behind premature skin aging, responsible for up to 80% of visible signs like wrinkles, fine lines, and dark spots (Skin Cancer Foundation). Prolonged exposure without protection can result in uneven skin tone, leathery texture, and increased risk of skin cancers. Many women recall the days spent outdoors without SPF, later noticing sunspots and loss of firmness in their 40s and 50s.

Daily sunscreen use, especially broad-spectrum SPF 30 or higher, is a non-negotiable habit. Even on cloudy days or indoors near windows, harmful UVA rays penetrate and contribute to the aging process. According to a study published in JAMA Dermatology, consistent sunscreen application slows the development of wrinkles and maintains youthful skin longer. Making SPF part of your morning routine and reapplying as needed is one of the most effective ways to prevent lifelong damage. Start early—your future self will thank you for it.

2. Moisturize Religiously

The skin barrier, composed of lipids and cells, acts as the body’s first line of defense, locking in moisture and protecting against environmental stressors. When this barrier is compromised—often from neglect or over-cleansing—skin loses water more rapidly, leading to dryness, flakiness, and increased sensitivity. Dehydrated skin not only appears dull and tight, but it also shows fine lines and wrinkles more prominently compared to consistently hydrated skin, which looks plump, smooth, and radiant.

Hydration is crucial at any age, but especially important to establish early, as it preserves elasticity and resilience. Dermatologists from the American Academy of Dermatology recommend applying moisturizer to damp skin right after cleansing to maximize water retention. Look for moisturizers containing hyaluronic acid, ceramides, or glycerin—ingredients known for their ability to draw and seal in moisture. Many women over 50 wish they’d prioritized this step in their 20s to prevent premature aging and maintain a youthful glow.

Finding a daily moisturizer suited to your skin type is an investment in your future complexion. Consistent use can help maintain the integrity of your skin barrier and support long-term health and beauty.

3. Sleep Is Your Beauty Ally

Quality sleep is essential for healthy, resilient skin, as the body’s repair processes are most active during rest. While you sleep, cellular regeneration increases and growth hormones aid in repairing damaged tissues, including the skin. Chronic sleep deprivation, however, can disrupt this process, leading to a dull complexion, pronounced under-eye circles, and an increase in fine lines. Research from the National Institutes of Health highlights that poor sleepers experience twice as many signs of aging, such as loss of elasticity and uneven pigmentation, compared to those who get adequate rest.

Many women recall periods of late nights or all-nighters in their 20s, noticing that their skin looked tired and lacked vibrancy the next day. Over decades, these habits can compound and become visible as premature aging. To support nightly skin repair, experts recommend practicing good sleep hygiene: maintain a regular bedtime, create a cool and dark sleeping environment, avoid screen time before bed, and incorporate calming routines like gentle stretches or herbal teas. Prioritizing 7-9 hours of restful sleep can make a significant difference in skin health and overall well-being. For more sleep tips, visit the Sleep Foundation.

4. Avoid Smoking at All Costs

Smoking is one of the most detrimental habits for skin health, causing accelerated aging that is often difficult to reverse. The chemicals in cigarettes damage collagen and elastin—the vital proteins that keep skin firm and supple—resulting in sagging, deep wrinkles, and a leathery appearance. Studies show that smoking also narrows blood vessels, reducing oxygen and nutrient flow to the skin, which leads to a dull, uneven complexion and slower healing (CDC).

Women who smoked in their twenties often notice more pronounced crow’s feet, lip lines, and an overall lack of radiance compared to non-smokers as they age. A striking example can be seen in twin studies, where the smoking twin consistently exhibited deeper lines and more aged skin. Many women over 50 urge their younger selves to never start or to quit as early as possible, emphasizing that no cosmetic product can truly undo the damage caused by tobacco.

Steering clear of smoking is one of the most powerful ways to preserve your skin’s youthfulness and overall health. For resources on quitting, visit Smokefree.gov.

5. Hydrate Inside and Out

Proper hydration plays a pivotal role in maintaining healthy, youthful-looking skin. Water supports the body’s natural detoxification processes and helps maintain the skin’s elasticity, suppleness, and plumpness. When the body is dehydrated, skin can appear dry, flaky, and more prone to the formation of fine lines. Studies, such as one published in Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology, show that increased water intake can improve skin hydration and even enhance its biomechanical properties over time.

Many women over 50 reflect on periods of low water intake in their youth, often noticing that their complexion looked tired or sallow. To avoid these pitfalls, experts recommend drinking at least eight 8-ounce glasses of water daily, though individual needs may vary depending on activity level, climate, and diet. Carrying a reusable water bottle, setting regular reminders, and infusing water with fruits or herbs can make hydration more enjoyable and consistent. Additionally, using a gentle hydrating mist and applying moisturizer can help lock in moisture externally.

Staying hydrated is a simple, effective way to promote radiance and skin health from the inside out. For more hydration facts, visit CDC: Water & Nutrition.

6. Embrace Gentle Cleansing

The skin’s acid mantle is a delicate, slightly acidic film that serves as a protective barrier against bacteria, pollution, and moisture loss. Overly harsh cleansers can strip away this natural defense, leaving skin vulnerable to irritation, dryness, and premature aging. Women over 50 frequently point to years of using strong soaps or astringent products—often in pursuit of a squeaky-clean feeling—as a contributing factor to sensitivities and dullness later in life.

Studies, such as those reviewed by the National Institutes of Health, emphasize the importance of maintaining the acid mantle’s integrity by choosing gentle, pH-balanced cleansers. These products effectively remove dirt and excess oil without disrupting the skin’s natural oils or barrier. Opting for fragrance-free, sulfate-free formulas reduces the risk of irritation, especially for sensitive skin types.

Adopting a mild cleansing routine—washing the face with lukewarm water twice daily and patting dry with a soft towel—helps preserve moisture and support overall skin health. Incorporating a gentle approach from a young age can prevent unnecessary damage and keep skin looking fresh and resilient well into the future.

7. Learn to Read Ingredients

Understanding skincare product ingredients is crucial for making informed choices that benefit your skin in the long run. Many women over 50 recall using products in their youth without knowing what was inside, leading to irritation, breakouts, or ineffective results. Common irritants such as alcohol, synthetic fragrances, and certain preservatives (like parabens or formaldehyde releasers) can compromise skin health, especially for sensitive or aging skin (American Academy of Dermatology).

Conversely, beneficial compounds like hyaluronic acid, niacinamide, vitamin C, ceramides, and peptides can hydrate, brighten, and strengthen the skin barrier. Being able to recognize these ingredients and understanding their effects empowers you to tailor your skincare routine to your specific needs. Always check labels for active ingredients, expiration dates, and potential allergens.

Women who learned to decode product labels early often experienced fewer adverse reactions and greater long-term skin benefits. The U.S. Food & Drug Administration offers helpful resources on reading cosmetic labels. Making ingredient awareness a habit will help you avoid pitfalls and ensure your skin receives the best possible care at every age.

8. Don’t Over-Exfoliate

Exfoliation is a valuable step in any skincare routine, as it removes dead skin cells and encourages healthy cell turnover, resulting in a brighter, smoother complexion. However, many women over 50 caution against the temptation to over-exfoliate—a common misstep in their younger years. Excessive exfoliation, whether with scrubs or chemical agents, can strip the skin’s natural barrier, leading to redness, irritation, increased sensitivity, and even microtears (Harvard Health).

Overusing exfoliants can disrupt the delicate balance of the skin, making it more prone to breakouts, dehydration, and accelerated aging. Dermatologists recommend gentle exfoliation no more than one to three times per week, depending on skin type and the product used. For sensitive skin, less frequent use or choosing enzyme-based or mild chemical exfoliants like lactic acid is preferable. Always follow exfoliation with a moisturizer to help replenish and soothe the skin.

Learning to listen to your skin’s needs and being mindful of how it reacts to exfoliation is key. For additional guidance on safe exfoliation practices, visit the American Academy of Dermatology website.

9. Use Retinol Early—But Wisely

Retinol, a derivative of vitamin A, is celebrated for its remarkable effects on collagen production and wrinkle reduction. By stimulating cell turnover and boosting collagen synthesis, retinol helps to minimize fine lines, fade hyperpigmentation, and improve overall skin texture. Numerous clinical studies highlight its efficacy in both preventing and treating visible signs of aging, making it a popular recommendation among dermatologists and women over 50 alike.

However, many women share stories of jumping into high-strength retinol too quickly in their twenties, resulting in redness, peeling, and heightened sensitivity. Gradual introduction is key: begin with a low concentration (such as 0.25% or 0.5%) just two to three times a week, allowing the skin to build tolerance. Always follow retinol use with a moisturizer and never combine it with other strong actives like exfoliating acids until your skin adjusts.

Consistent, careful use of retinol from an early age can dramatically slow the development of wrinkles and keep skin resilient. For more on incorporating retinol safely, the American Academy of Dermatology provides in-depth resources and expert guidance.

10. Prioritize Eye Cream

The skin around the eyes is thinner and more delicate than the rest of the face, making it especially susceptible to early signs of aging such as fine lines, puffiness, and dark circles. Because this area contains fewer oil glands, it’s less able to retain moisture and defend itself against environmental stressors. Without targeted care, the under-eye region can develop wrinkles and crepiness much sooner than other facial zones (NCBI).

Women over 50 often notice a stark contrast between well-tended and neglected eye areas. Those who consistently used eye cream starting in their 20s report fewer crow’s feet, less puffiness, and smoother skin as they age. Conversely, untreated under-eyes are more likely to show premature aging and persistent darkness. Dermatologists advise starting a gentle, hydrating eye cream before fine lines appear, as prevention is far more effective than trying to reverse established wrinkles.

Look for creams with ingredients like peptides, hyaluronic acid, and antioxidants to boost hydration and strengthen the skin’s barrier. For more information on caring for the eye area, visit the American Academy of Dermatology‘s recommendations on eye creams and treatments.

11. Don’t Skip Annual Skin Checks

Regular skin exams by a dermatologist are vital for early detection and prevention of skin cancer, including melanoma—the most serious form of skin cancer. According to the American Cancer Society, skin cancer is the most common cancer in the United States, with melanoma rates rising especially among young women due to increased sun and tanning bed exposure. Early-stage melanoma has a 99% five-year survival rate, but delayed diagnosis can reduce survival dramatically, making vigilance critical.

Many women over 50 urge their younger selves to prioritize annual skin checks, regardless of perceived risk or skin tone. Dermatologists are trained to spot suspicious moles, lesions, and subtle changes that might go unnoticed. Self-exams at home can supplement professional screenings, but cannot replace a thorough evaluation by an expert. Routine exams can catch precancerous spots early, leading to easier, less invasive treatments and better outcomes.

Making annual skin checks a lifelong habit is one of the most powerful ways to protect both your health and your skin’s appearance. Learn more about the importance of skin cancer screenings and how to prepare for a visit at the American Academy of Dermatology.

12. Eat for Your Skin

Nutrition plays a significant role in maintaining youthful, radiant skin. Diets rich in antioxidants, healthy fats, vitamins, and minerals help protect against oxidative stress, which accelerates aging and damages skin cells. Research from the National Institutes of Health shows that people who consume more fruits, vegetables, and omega-3 fatty acids tend to have smoother, more hydrated skin and fewer wrinkles than those with diets high in processed foods and refined sugars.

Women over 50 often notice that periods of poor nutrition in their youth—such as crash dieting or excessive junk food—resulted in breakouts, dullness, and uneven tone. In contrast, a diet abundant in berries, leafy greens, nuts, seeds, and fatty fish can boost collagen production and fight inflammation, leading to a clearer, more luminous complexion.

Experts recommend incorporating a variety of colorful fruits and vegetables, lean proteins, and healthy fats while limiting sugar, salt, and highly processed foods. Staying hydrated and reducing alcohol intake further supports skin health. To learn more about the connection between diet and skin, visit the American Academy of Dermatology’s nutrition guide.

13. Don’t Fear Fats—Choose Wisely

Healthy dietary fats play a crucial role in supporting the skin’s structure and vitality. They are integral to cell membrane integrity, helping the skin retain moisture and defend itself against environmental damage. Monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats, especially omega-3 fatty acids, help reduce inflammation and keep the skin soft, supple, and resilient (NIH).

Not all fats are created equal, however. While trans fats and excessive saturated fats—commonly found in fried and processed foods—can promote inflammation and negatively impact skin health, healthy fats from plant and marine sources support a glowing complexion. Omega-3 fatty acids, in particular, have been shown to ease dryness, reduce redness, and even protect against sun damage.

Women over 50 often recommend adding foods like salmon, sardines, flaxseeds, chia seeds, walnuts, and avocados to your diet. These sources are rich in omega-3s and other beneficial fats. Swapping unhealthy fats for these nutrient-dense options supports not only your skin, but also your overall well-being. For more information on healthy fats and skin, visit the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health.

14. Limit Sugar for Smooth Skin

Excess sugar intake can accelerate skin aging through a process called glycation, where sugar molecules bind to collagen and elastin fibers, making them stiff and brittle. This leads to the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), which contribute to wrinkles, loss of firmness, and a dull complexion (NIH). Women who maintained high-sugar diets in their youth often report more pronounced fine lines and sagging as they age compared to those who limited their consumption of sweets and processed foods.

Real-world dietary comparisons show that individuals who favor whole foods and limit sugary snacks and beverages tend to have smoother, more elastic skin. The difference becomes especially evident with age, as the cumulative effects of glycation manifest over decades. Dermatologists recommend reading nutrition labels to spot hidden sugars, choosing water or herbal tea over sugary drinks, and satisfying sweet cravings with fruit instead of candy or baked goods.

Gradually reducing added sugar intake can yield visible improvements in skin texture and overall health. For practical tips and guidance on lowering sugar in your diet, visit the CDC’s guide to added sugars.

15. Prioritize Stress Management

Chronic stress can significantly impact skin health, primarily through the hormone cortisol. Elevated cortisol levels increase inflammation, disrupt the skin’s barrier function, and can trigger flare-ups of acne, eczema, and psoriasis (NIH). Many women over 50 share experiences of stressful periods in their 20s—such as exams, job changes, or personal upheaval—resulting in breakouts, dullness, and even accelerated signs of aging.

Stress-related skin issues are common, with cortisol also contributing to delayed wound healing and heightened sensitivity. Over time, unmanaged stress can exacerbate fine lines and lead to a persistently tired appearance. Real-life accounts reveal that those who adopted mindfulness, yoga, or regular exercise in their younger years not only felt better but also noticed clearer, more resilient skin.

Experts recommend incorporating stress-reduction strategies such as deep breathing exercises, meditation, regular physical activity, and sufficient sleep. Setting aside time for hobbies and connecting with friends can also help buffer daily stressors. For more information on how stress affects the skin and practical coping techniques, visit the American Academy of Dermatology’s stress and skin resource.

16. Exercise for Circulation

Regular exercise is more than just a strategy for fitness—it’s a powerful tool for promoting healthy, glowing skin. Physical activity stimulates blood flow, delivering oxygen and essential nutrients to skin cells while also carrying away waste products, which contributes to a clearer, more vibrant complexion (Harvard Health). Improved circulation supports the skin’s natural repair processes, enhances collagen production, and helps maintain elasticity.

Women over 50 often observe noticeable differences between peers who maintained active lifestyles and those who led more sedentary ones. Active individuals frequently report firmer skin, fewer breakouts, and a sustained “healthy glow” well into later years. In contrast, sedentary habits can slow cellular turnover and reduce skin vitality, sometimes resulting in a dull or uneven tone.

Incorporating movement doesn’t require intense gym sessions. Walking, cycling, swimming, dancing, yoga, and even simple stretching can make a significant difference. Find activities you enjoy and aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate exercise per week as recommended by the CDC. Making movement a lifelong habit is a natural way to nourish your skin from the inside out.

17. Never Sleep with Makeup On

Sleeping with makeup on can wreak havoc on your skin, leading to clogged pores, breakouts, and accelerated aging. Makeup, along with the day’s accumulated dirt and oil, creates a barrier that traps impurities and prevents the skin from undergoing its natural overnight repair process. According to the American Academy of Dermatology, failing to properly remove makeup can contribute to acne, dullness, and even eye irritation if mascara or eyeliner is left on.

Many women over 50 recall periods in their 20s when exhaustion led to skipping their nightly cleanse. Over time, this often resulted in persistent breakouts, enlarged pores, and a tired appearance that was difficult to reverse. Anecdotal reports highlight clearer, fresher skin for those who made nightly cleansing a non-negotiable part of their routine, even on the most exhausting days.

Establishing a habit of thoroughly removing makeup every evening—using a gentle cleanser or micellar water—sets the stage for healthy, glowing skin in the years to come. For additional makeup removal tips and routines, visit the AAD’s guide to makeup removal.

18. Invest in Quality, Not Quantity

Minimalism in skincare is a lesson many women over 50 wish they had embraced earlier. Overloading your routine with numerous products can overwhelm the skin, leading to irritation, product interactions, and wasted money. Research from the National Institutes of Health suggests that a streamlined regimen with carefully chosen formulas is often more beneficial and less likely to cause adverse effects.

Comparing overloaded routines—filled with multiple cleansers, serums, and treatments—to a regimen focused on essentials such as a gentle cleanser, moisturizer, sunscreen, and targeted treatment, the latter is nearly always easier to maintain and more effective. Women who tried every trending product in their 20s often found it difficult to pinpoint what worked, sometimes experiencing breakouts or sensitivities as a result.

Thoughtful product selection means investing in proven, high-quality ingredients that suit your unique skin needs. It’s wise to research and consult with a dermatologist before introducing new products. Focusing on quality over quantity helps protect your skin barrier, saves time, and often delivers superior and lasting results. For more on smart skincare shopping, see this Harvard Health guide.

19. Get to Know Your Skin Type

Understanding your skin type is fundamental to building an effective and safe skincare routine. The main skin types—oily, dry, combination, and sensitive—each have unique characteristics and care requirements. Oily skin typically produces excess sebum, leading to shiny areas and a higher likelihood of acne, while dry skin often feels tight, rough, or flaky due to a lack of moisture. Combination skin features both oily and dry zones, and sensitive skin reacts easily to products or environmental factors (American Academy of Dermatology).

Women over 50 often recall using products unsuited to their skin type in their 20s, resulting in imbalances like increased oiliness, dryness, or irritation. For example, harsh cleansers can worsen dryness, while heavy creams may clog pores in oily skin. Self-assessment—observing how your skin feels after cleansing or throughout the day—can help identify your type. Tools like blotting sheets or online quizzes can also be useful.

Tailoring your routine to your skin type promotes balance and maximizes benefits. For accurate diagnosis and advice, consider visiting a dermatologist. For more guidance, explore the AAD’s guide to skin types.

20. Don’t Ignore Your Neck and Hands

The neck and hands are often the first areas to show visible signs of aging, such as wrinkles, sagging, and age spots. These areas have thinner skin and fewer oil glands, making them more prone to dryness and loss of elasticity. Over time, neglecting to protect and nourish the neck and hands can lead to a noticeable contrast between the youthful appearance of the face and the aged look of these often-exposed regions (NIH).

Women over 50 frequently share stories of applying sunscreen, moisturizer, and anti-aging products only to their faces in their younger years, only to later notice crepey skin, prominent veins, and pigmentation on their necks and hands. In contrast, those who extended their skincare routines beyond the face often enjoy smoother, more even-toned skin throughout these areas.

Experts recommend treating the neck and hands with the same level of care as the face: cleanse gently, apply moisturizer and sunscreen daily, and use targeted treatments like retinol or vitamin C serums. Wearing gloves during chores and applying hand cream frequently can also help maintain their youthful quality. For more tips, visit AAD’s neck and hand care guide.

21. Find a Signature Scent

Fragrance has a remarkable ability to shape mood, evoke memories, and boost self-esteem. For many women, discovering a signature scent is an empowering act of self-expression that becomes intertwined with their identity. Research indicates that pleasant scents can enhance confidence and mood, with one NIH study noting that fragrance positively influences self-perception and emotional well-being.

Women over 50 often recall the emotional resonance of a particular perfume from their youth—how a certain fragrance could uplift spirits, mark special occasions, or even leave a lasting impression on those around them. These stories underscore the enduring power of scent to create cherished memories and elevate everyday experiences.

Experts recommend testing perfumes on your own skin to see how the fragrance develops with your unique body chemistry. Visit fragrance counters, sample a variety, and wear each one for a day before deciding. Consider lighter scents for daytime and richer notes for evenings. Choosing a signature scent is a personal journey; it should feel authentic and bring you joy. For more on how scent impacts mood, explore this Psychology Today article.

22. Embrace Natural Beauty

In recent years, there’s been a significant cultural shift toward celebrating authenticity and natural beauty. Many women over 50 reflect on earlier decades when heavy makeup was the norm, often used to mask perceived imperfections rather than highlight individuality. Today, the emphasis is on embracing unique features and enhancing, rather than concealing, natural assets. Research from the National Institutes of Health underscores the psychological benefits of self-acceptance and authenticity, which can boost confidence and emotional well-being.

Heavy makeup routines, while sometimes fun for special occasions, can feel restrictive and even age the skin by settling into fine lines and emphasizing texture. In contrast, natural looks—think tinted moisturizer, a touch of blush, and groomed brows—allow skin to breathe and showcase your true self. Many women find that letting their freckles, natural skin tone, or unique facial characteristics shine through leads to greater satisfaction and self-assurance as they age.

The movement toward natural beauty encourages everyone to celebrate what makes them distinct. For inspiration and tips on embracing your features, see this Vogue article on the power of the natural look.

23. Don’t Chase Every Trend

The beauty industry is constantly evolving, with new skincare and makeup trends emerging at a dizzying pace. Trend fatigue—jumping from one fad to the next—can not only drain your wallet but also compromise your skin’s health. Many women over 50 recall trying fleeting fads, such as harsh DIY treatments or trendy ingredients with little research, only to experience irritation, breakouts, or disappointment. A study by the NIH notes that overuse of unproven products and frequent changes in routines can disrupt the skin barrier and increase sensitivity.

Examples of past trends include abrasive scrubs, peel-off masks, or excessive sheet masking—many of which have fallen out of favor due to their potential for harm. Instead of chasing every new product or technique, experts recommend a consistent routine based on the fundamentals: gentle cleansing, daily sunscreen, hydration, and targeted treatments suited to individual needs.

Focusing on timeless, evidence-based care ensures long-term skin health and saves you from the cycle of disappointment that comes with hype-driven products. For advice on building a sustainable routine, explore this Harvard Health guide to skincare basics.

24. Learn Basic Facial Massage

Facial massage is a time-honored technique that offers multiple benefits for both skin health and relaxation. By gently manipulating the skin and underlying muscles, facial massage stimulates lymphatic drainage, which helps reduce puffiness and remove toxins. Improved blood circulation from massage delivers more oxygen and nutrients to the skin, promoting a brighter, firmer complexion. Studies, such as this one from the National Institutes of Health, show that regular facial massage can enhance skin texture and elasticity over time.

Women over 50 who have adopted facial massage into their routines often notice that their skin looks less puffy and more radiant than untreated skin. In contrast, those who neglect this simple ritual may experience stagnation, dullness, or increased tension in facial muscles. The act of massage can also be a mindful practice, helping to relieve daily stress and encourage self-care.

Simple techniques include upward strokes along the cheeks, gentle tapping around the eyes, and light circular motions at the jawline and forehead. Use a nourishing oil or moisturizer to reduce friction. For step-by-step instructions and video demonstrations, visit the Healthline facial massage guide.

25. Don’t Neglect Oral Health

Oral health is a vital but often overlooked component of overall beauty and well-being. Healthy teeth and gums not only contribute to a bright, confident smile but also play a role in maintaining facial structure and preventing premature aging around the mouth. Poor oral hygiene can lead to issues such as gum disease, tooth loss, and bad breath, all of which can negatively impact self-esteem and appearance. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), nearly half of adults aged 30 and older show signs of gum disease, a risk that increases with age.

Women over 50 often stress the importance of daily brushing, flossing, and limiting sugary foods, noting that neglect in their youth led to costly and uncomfortable dental procedures later on. Regular dental visits are key—professional cleanings and exams can catch problems early and help maintain healthy teeth and gums for life.

For a holistic approach to beauty, remember that a radiant smile is as important as glowing skin. For tips on oral hygiene and the benefits of preventive care, explore the American Dental Association’s guide for adults.

26. Be Gentle with Your Hair

Hair, like skin, is vulnerable to damage from environmental stressors and styling habits. The hair shaft is composed of delicate keratin fibers that can become fragile with excessive heat, chemical processing, or rough handling. Women over 50 often recall the cumulative effects of frequent blow-drying, flat ironing, or harsh coloring in their younger years, which led to breakage, split ends, and thinning over time (NIH).

Comparing heat-styled hair to air-dried hair, the latter is typically softer, less prone to split ends, and retains more natural shine. Overuse of high temperatures and chemical treatments strips the hair of its protective cuticle, leaving it vulnerable to dehydration and frizz. In contrast, gentle routines—such as air-drying, using wide-tooth combs, and opting for nourishing masks—preserve the strength and luster of hair well into later life.

Experts recommend minimizing heat styling, avoiding tight hairstyles that pull on the roots, and using sulfate-free shampoos and conditioners. Regular trims and occasional deep conditioning treatments also support hair health. For more tips on keeping hair resilient and beautiful, visit the American Academy of Dermatology’s hair care guide.

27. Choose a Hairstyle that Flatters Your Face

Selecting a hairstyle that complements your face shape can dramatically enhance your overall appearance and boost your confidence. The most common face shapes—oval, round, square, heart, and long—each have ideal haircut and styling options that help balance proportions and highlight your best features. For instance, layers and side-swept bangs can soften square faces, while volume at the crown flatters round faces. Oval faces are versatile and suit nearly any style (Allure).

Celebrity examples offer inspiration: Reese Witherspoon’s heart-shaped face is complemented by long layers, while Rihanna’s oval face lets her experiment with a range of bold looks. Comparing before-and-after photos or celebrity hair transformations often reveals how a strategic cut can bring harmony to facial features and create a more youthful or polished effect.

Women over 50 frequently recommend consulting a knowledgeable stylist who can assess your face shape, hair texture, and lifestyle needs. An expert can suggest flattering cuts and teach you how to style your hair to emphasize your natural beauty. For more tips and visual guides, see this Vogue guide to the best haircuts for every face shape.

28. Don’t Overpluck Your Brows

Eyebrows frame the face and play a significant role in defining its overall symmetry and expression. Overplucking—once a widespread trend—can lead to permanent thinning, as repeated trauma to the hair follicle may prevent regrowth. Many women over 50 regret the thin, highly arched brows of their youth, finding that sparse eyebrows are difficult to restore naturally and can contribute to an aged or tired appearance (Healthline).

Before-and-after photos often illustrate the difference: full, well-shaped brows create a youthful, balanced look, while overplucked brows can make facial features appear harsher or less defined. Even with makeup, densely filled-in lines rarely replicate the softness of natural hair. Women who practiced conservative shaping and aimed to enhance their natural brow line in their 20s often enjoy fuller, more versatile brows as they age.

Experts recommend tweezing only stray hairs outside the natural brow shape and avoiding excessive thinning of the arch or tail. For those wanting a polished look, professional shaping or tinting can offer safe enhancements. For more tips on achieving and maintaining healthy brows, see this Allure guide to eyebrow shaping.

29. Experiment with Color—But Know Your Palette

Understanding color theory and how it relates to your unique skin tone can elevate your makeup and wardrobe choices, making your complexion appear more vibrant and healthy. Color theory suggests that certain shades—whether warm, cool, or neutral—either complement or clash with your skin’s undertones. Wearing complementary colors brightens your face, while clashing hues may leave you looking washed out or sallow (Healthline).

Women over 50 who experimented thoughtfully with color often found their signature looks by identifying shades that enhanced their features. For example, someone with cool undertones may glow in jewel tones like sapphire or emerald, while warm undertones shine in earthy hues like gold or coral. In contrast, mismatched shades can make skin appear dull or accentuate imperfections.

Don’t shy away from experimenting with bold lipstick, eye shadow, or clothing—just take time to discover what flatters you most. Test colors in natural light and consult color analysis guides or in-store beauty experts for personalized advice. For a deeper dive into finding your ideal shades, explore this Vogue article on discovering your color palette.

30. Develop a Signature Lip Color

Choosing a signature lip color can be a powerful expression of personality and style. Research suggests that wearing lipstick—particularly shades that complement your skin tone—can boost confidence and even influence how others perceive you (Psychology Today). Classic reds, sophisticated mauves, and subtle nudes are timeless choices that suit a range of occasions and moods.

Women over 50 often recall the transformative effect of finding their perfect lipstick shade—a color that instantly brightens the complexion and pulls together any look. Iconic examples include Marilyn Monroe’s bold red, Audrey Hepburn’s soft pink, or Michelle Obama’s flattering berry hues. These signature shades become part of a personal brand, leaving a lasting impression and conveying confidence and elegance.

To find your go-to lip product, experiment with various formulas—matte, satin, gloss—and try shades in natural light to see how they enhance your features. Don’t be afraid to test bold colors or update your choice as your style evolves. For more tips on selecting a signature lipstick, browse this Vogue roundup of the best lipsticks of all time.

31. Don’t Fear Aging—Celebrate It

Embracing age positivity is a powerful antidote to the relentless pressure of “anti-aging” culture. While the beauty industry often focuses on turning back the clock, many women over 50 advocate for a mindset shift: rather than fearing wrinkles or gray hair, celebrate the wisdom, resilience, and confidence that come with experience. Research published in the National Institutes of Health suggests that self-acceptance and a positive attitude toward aging can improve mental health and overall life satisfaction.

Focusing solely on anti-aging treatments can lead to frustration and a constant sense of inadequacy. In contrast, those who view aging as a natural journey often radiate self-assurance and inspire others. They see their evolving features as a testament to a life well-lived, rather than something to hide or “fix.” Sharing stories, laughter, and wisdom encourages a supportive community and helps redefine beauty at every stage.

True beauty lies in embracing your individuality and honoring the natural changes that come with time. For more resources and stories celebrating age positivity, visit this AARP guide to positive aging.

32. Wear Sunglasses to Protect Your Eyes

Wearing sunglasses is more than a fashion statement—it’s a crucial step in protecting both your eyes and the delicate skin around them from harmful ultraviolet (UV) rays. Prolonged UV exposure can lead to cataracts, macular degeneration, and growths on the eye, as well as accelerate the development of fine lines, wrinkles, and pigmentation around the eyes (American Academy of Ophthalmology). The thin, sensitive skin in this area is particularly susceptible to sun damage, often showing early signs of aging if left unshielded.

Women over 50 often credit their youthful-looking eye area to the lifelong habit of wearing sunglasses with proper UV protection. In contrast, neglecting eye protection can result in increased crow’s feet and sunspots, even with diligent skincare. Sunglasses also help reduce squinting, which further minimizes wrinkle formation.

Experts recommend choosing sunglasses that block 99% to 100% of UVA and UVB rays and fit closely to the face for optimal coverage. Wraparound styles provide additional protection. For more tips on selecting effective UV-blocking eyewear and understanding the risks of sun exposure, visit the CDC’s UV radiation safety resource.

33. Invest in Regular Facials

Professional facials offer a range of benefits that go beyond what many home treatments can achieve. Deep cleansing, expert exfoliation, and targeted serums can help address specific skin concerns, promote cell renewal, and leave the complexion visibly brighter and more hydrated. Licensed estheticians also provide valuable insight into your skin’s needs and can recommend personalized products or strategies for long-term improvement (Healthline).

Women over 50 often compare the results of home facials—such as basic masks or steam treatments—with those of professional spa services. While at-home care is essential for daily maintenance, spa facials usually deliver deeper results by utilizing advanced techniques and equipment, such as microdermabrasion or LED therapy. The relaxation and stress relief from a professional facial add further value, supporting both skin health and overall well-being.

Experts suggest scheduling a professional facial every four to six weeks, depending on your skin type and goals. In between appointments, follow a consistent at-home routine for best results. For more details on the benefits and frequency of facials, consult this SELF guide to professional facials.

34. Always Remove Sunscreen at Night

While sunscreen is essential for daytime protection, it’s equally important to thoroughly remove it at night. Many modern sunscreens are formulated to adhere well to the skin, which means residues can linger and potentially clog pores if not cleansed away properly. Over time, this buildup may lead to blackheads, breakouts, or a dull complexion, particularly for those who wear sunscreen daily (Healthline).

Women over 50 who established diligent nightly cleansing habits in their 20s often report clearer, healthier-looking skin. The most effective method for removing sunscreen is double cleansing: first, use an oil-based cleanser or micellar water to dissolve sunscreen and makeup, followed by a gentle water-based cleanser to wash away any remaining impurities. This two-step process ensures all traces of product, oil, and dirt are lifted from the skin without causing irritation.

Even if you don’t wear makeup, never skip this step after a day of sun exposure. Consistent double cleansing keeps pores clear and optimizes the effectiveness of overnight treatments. For more information on cleansing routines and best practices, read this Allure guide to removing sunscreen.

35. Don’t Forget Your Ears

The ears are often overlooked in daily skincare routines, yet they are just as susceptible to aging and sun damage as the face, neck, and hands. Over time, unprotected ears can develop wrinkles, sagging, and hyperpigmentation, as well as an increased risk of skin cancer. In fact, according to the Skin Cancer Foundation, the ears are one of the most common sites for non-melanoma skin cancers due to frequent sun exposure and neglect.

Women over 50 who made a habit of extending their SPF and moisturizer to their ears often see fewer age spots and less sagging compared to those who focused solely on the face. Neglected ears, by contrast, may show premature aging or even require medical attention for sun-related lesions. The difference is especially stark in those who spent significant time outdoors or wore short hairstyles that left ears exposed.

Experts recommend making it a daily practice to apply sunscreen and moisturizer to the tops, backs, and lobes of the ears. During outdoor activities, consider wearing hats for added protection. For more information, visit the Skin Cancer Foundation’s resource on ear protection.

36. Change Pillowcases Regularly

Pillowcases absorb oils, sweat, dead skin cells, and hair products each night, gradually creating a breeding ground for bacteria and allergens. This accumulation can contribute to clogged pores, irritation, and breakouts, especially for those with acne-prone or sensitive skin. Studies have shown that individuals who change their pillowcases frequently experience fewer skin issues than those who let linens go unchanged for long periods (American Academy of Dermatology).

Women over 50 often share stories of persistent acne or irritation in their youth, only to discover that simple changes like swapping out pillowcases two to three times a week made a significant difference. Dermatologists recommend using gentle, fragrance-free detergents and opting for soft, breathable fabrics like cotton or silk to further reduce the risk of irritation.

For optimal skin health, aim to change pillowcases at least every few days, and consider laundering bed linens weekly. This small habit supports clearer skin, minimizes exposure to irritants, and enhances overall comfort during rest. For more information on bedding hygiene and its role in skin care, visit the AAD’s bedding and acne advice.

37. Don’t Pick at Your Skin

Picking at pimples, blackheads, or other blemishes is a common but harmful habit that can lead to lasting damage. When you squeeze or scratch at your skin, you risk pushing bacteria deeper, causing infections, inflammation, and even permanent scarring. The American Academy of Dermatology warns that this hands-on behavior often results in dark marks (post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation) and pits that are difficult to treat later.

Women over 50 frequently share stories of regret about picking at blemishes in their youth, only to be left with scars that persist for decades. These marks can be more distressing and challenging to hide than the original spot ever was. In contrast, those who practiced hands-off healing and let blemishes resolve naturally often retained smoother, more even-toned skin as they aged.

Experts recommend resisting the urge to pick and instead using spot treatments with ingredients like benzoyl peroxide or salicylic acid. If a blemish is particularly bothersome, consult a dermatologist for safe extraction. Practicing patience and gentle care helps preserve your skin’s integrity and minimizes the risk of long-term marks. For more advice, read the AAD’s guidance on why not to pop pimples.

38. Get Enough Vitamin D Safely

Vitamin D is essential for bone health, immune function, and even mood regulation. The body naturally produces vitamin D when skin is exposed to sunlight, but unprotected sunbathing can accelerate skin aging and increase the risk of skin cancer. According to the National Institutes of Health, many people—especially those who use sunscreen diligently or live in northern climates—may not get enough vitamin D through sun exposure alone.

Women over 50 often reflect on the balance between reaping the benefits of sunlight and protecting skin from UV damage. Some recall extended time outdoors without SPF, leading to sunspots and wrinkles, while others who relied solely on supplementation sometimes faced vitamin D deficiency if not monitored by a healthcare provider. Sensible sun habits, such as enjoying brief periods outside in the early morning or late afternoon, can help maintain vitamin D levels without excessive risk.

For most, a combination of a healthy diet (including fortified foods and fatty fish), supplements when needed, and cautious sun exposure is recommended. Always consult your doctor for personalized guidance. For more on safe strategies, visit the American Cancer Society’s vitamin D and sun safety resource.

39. Practice Good Posture

Good posture not only contributes to a healthier spine but also plays a significant role in how youthful and confident you appear. Over time, slouching can lead to rounded shoulders, a forward head position, and the appearance of sagging skin and jowls. In contrast, standing and sitting with an aligned posture elongates the neck, lifts the chest, and projects self-assurance (Harvard Health).

Women over 50 often notice a pronounced difference in their appearance and comfort when they prioritize posture. Slouching may accentuate the effects of aging, making a person look shorter and less vibrant, while good posture instantly rejuvenates the silhouette and helps clothing fit better. Poor posture can also exacerbate back pain and tension headaches, whereas an upright stance supports long-term joint and muscle health.

Simple corrections include keeping shoulders relaxed but back, engaging the core, and aligning ears with shoulders when sitting or standing. Practicing yoga, Pilates, or posture exercises can reinforce these habits. For more guidance on improving posture and its benefits, visit the CDC’s guide to physical activity and health.

40. Don’t Underestimate Hand Cream

The hands are among the first areas to reveal signs of aging due to their constant exposure to environmental stressors and frequent washing, which strips away natural oils. Over time, hands can become dry, rough, and develop wrinkles, age spots, or thinning skin. Unlike the face, the skin on the hands is often neglected, leading to premature aging that is difficult to reverse. A National Institutes of Health study highlights that well-moisturized hands retain elasticity and a youthful appearance longer than those left unprotected.

Women over 50 frequently recall periods of neglecting hand care, only to notice later how much older their hands looked compared to their faces. Those who developed the habit of applying hand cream after washing or before bed often enjoy smoother, more supple skin and fewer visible veins or spots. Regular hand cream use also helps prevent painful cracking and supports the skin’s barrier function.

Experts recommend choosing rich creams containing glycerin, shea butter, or ceramides, and applying them several times daily, especially after washing. For more information on effective hand care routines, visit the American Academy of Dermatology’s hand care guide.

41. Try Lymphatic Drainage Techniques

The lymphatic system is crucial for maintaining fluid balance and removing toxins from the body, and its efficiency directly affects the skin’s appearance. When lymphatic flow is sluggish, it can lead to puffiness, especially around the eyes and jawline. Lymphatic drainage techniques help stimulate this system, reducing swelling and promoting a clearer, more sculpted look (Healthline).

Women over 50 who incorporate lymphatic massage into their routines often report visible improvements in facial puffiness and overall skin tone. Comparisons between those who use drainage techniques and those who don’t show that regular practice can lead to a more refreshed and defined appearance, especially after sleep or salty meals. Tools like jade rollers and gua sha stones are popular for their ability to gently move lymphatic fluid, but even simple fingertips can be effective.

To perform a basic lymphatic drainage massage, use light, sweeping motions starting at the center of the face and moving outward toward the ears and down the neck. Always apply gentle pressure to avoid irritating delicate skin. For illustrated steps and more information, visit this SELF guide to facial lymphatic drainage.

42. Opt for Silk or Satin Pillowcases

The type of pillowcase you sleep on can have a significant impact on both your skin and hair health. Traditional cotton pillowcases, while absorbent and breathable, can create friction that leads to hair breakage, split ends, and even facial creasing. Over time, this nightly abrasion may contribute to frizzy hair and the development of fine lines as the fabric tugs on delicate skin (Healthline).

Women over 50 who switched to silk or satin pillowcases often report smoother hair, fewer tangles, and a reduction in sleep lines on the face. Silk and satin surfaces minimize friction, allowing hair and skin to glide easily, which helps preserve hairstyles and reduces moisture loss from both hair and skin. Comparisons between cotton and silk users consistently show that silk or satin can help retain youthful skin texture and maintain hair’s strength and shine.

Experts recommend investing in high-quality silk or satin pillowcases to support your beauty routine, especially if you have fragile hair or sensitive skin. For more on the benefits and care of silk pillowcases, visit this Sleep Foundation guide.

43. Protect Your Scalp

The scalp, like the rest of your skin, is prone to aging and sun damage but is frequently overlooked in daily protection routines. Years of unprotected sun exposure can lead to dryness, flakiness, thinning hair, and even skin cancer on the scalp. According to the Skin Cancer Foundation, the scalp is a common site for sun-related skin cancers, especially for those with thinning hair or exposed part lines.

Women over 50 often compare their experiences with protected versus unprotected scalps. Those who consistently wore hats or used SPF sprays on their part lines and exposed areas report fewer issues with sunburn, dryness, and age spots. In contrast, neglected scalps may develop irritation, discoloration, or sensitivity over time, sometimes requiring medical attention.

Experts recommend making scalp protection a daily habit, especially during outdoor activities. Apply sunscreen sprays or powders designed for the scalp, and opt for wide-brimmed hats to shield both hair and skin from UV rays. For more tips on scalp care and sun safety, visit the Skin Cancer Foundation’s guide to scalp protection.

44. Don’t Ignore Hormonal Changes

Hormones play a pivotal role in the health and appearance of skin and hair throughout a woman’s life. Fluctuations in estrogen, progesterone, and androgens can lead to a variety of changes, from increased oil production and breakouts to dryness, sensitivity, and even hair thinning. Hormonal acne, for instance, is common in women in their 20s and 30s, often appearing along the jawline and chin. As menopause approaches, reduced estrogen levels can result in decreased collagen, leading to thinner, less elastic skin and more pronounced wrinkles (American Academy of Dermatology).

Women over 50 frequently recall struggling with unexplained skin or hair changes—like sudden breakouts or increased shedding—only to learn these were linked to hormonal shifts. Ignoring these signals can lead to frustration and ineffective treatment. Instead, consulting a healthcare provider or dermatologist can offer targeted solutions, such as topical or oral medications, and help manage symptoms proactively.

If you notice persistent changes in your skin or hair, don’t hesitate to seek professional advice. Addressing hormonal factors early can prevent long-term issues and help you maintain confidence and comfort through every life stage. For more, visit the AAD’s resource on hormones and skin.

45. Practice Mindful Makeup Removal

Removing makeup thoroughly yet gently is a cornerstone of healthy skin at any age. Residual makeup can clog pores, contribute to breakouts, and interfere with the skin’s natural renewal process overnight. Over time, leaving traces of foundation, mascara, or lipstick on the skin can result in dullness, irritation, and even premature aging. Comparisons between those who are diligent about makeup removal and those who are not reveal noticeably clearer, more radiant complexions for the former group (American Academy of Dermatology).

Women over 50 often recall periods of hurried or incomplete makeup removal in their 20s, leading to persistent congestion or rough skin. In contrast, those who practiced mindful, gentle cleansing maintained smoother, softer, and healthier skin through the decades. Oil-based removers and cleansing balms are especially effective for dissolving stubborn makeup (including waterproof products) while respecting the skin’s natural barrier. Follow up with a mild cleanser to remove any remaining residue.

Adopting a consistent, mindful makeup removal routine can transform your skin’s appearance and feel. For more advice and step-by-step guides, visit the AAD’s tips for makeup removal.

46. Be Your Own Advocate

Being your own advocate in healthcare and beauty is essential for ensuring your individual needs are met and respected. Self-education empowers you to make informed decisions, ask the right questions, and seek out products or treatments that align with your personal values and goals. Women over 50 often share stories of wishing they had spoken up sooner about persistent skin issues, hair loss, or side effects from medications—experiences that highlight the importance of voicing concerns and not settling for one-size-fits-all advice (Office on Women’s Health).

Advocacy also involves researching ingredients, understanding possible side effects, and evaluating claims made by beauty brands or professionals. Whether in a dermatologist’s office or at a beauty counter, don’t hesitate to ask questions, request second opinions, or seek alternative solutions if something doesn’t feel right. Many women have found that persistence—requesting patch tests, asking for explanations, or insisting on further investigation—led to better outcomes and greater satisfaction.

Trusted resources such as the American Academy of Dermatology, Women’s Health, and reputable medical websites can help you stay informed. Remember: your beauty and health journey is personal—your voice matters.

47. Emphasize Preventive Care

Preventive care is the foundation for maintaining healthy, resilient skin well into later life. Taking proactive steps—such as using sunscreen, moisturizing daily, and avoiding harmful habits—can dramatically reduce the onset of wrinkles, pigmentation, and other common concerns. Studies show that early prevention is far more effective and less costly than attempting to correct damage after it occurs (American Academy of Dermatology).

Women over 50 frequently emphasize the value of prevention versus correction. Those who adopted preventive measures in their 20s and 30s often enjoy smoother, clearer complexions, while peers who delayed care may face more pronounced age spots, sagging, or deep lines requiring intensive treatments to address. The difference is especially stark in those who made regular skin checks and professional cleanings a priority.

Experts recommend scheduling annual dermatologist visits to monitor for early signs of skin conditions, adjusting routines as skin changes, and being consistent with daily protective habits. Preventive care isn’t just about looking good—it’s about fostering long-term skin health and confidence. For more on building a preventive routine, visit the CDC’s preventive health resource.

48. Stay Curious—Keep Learning

The world of skincare and beauty is constantly evolving, with scientific advances bringing new ingredients, technologies, and insights to the forefront. What was once considered cutting-edge—such as basic retinoids or vitamin C serums—has now expanded to include innovations like peptides, microbiome-friendly products, and non-invasive devices. Recent research, such as studies on blue light’s impact on skin or the role of antioxidants in environmental protection, continues to shape best practices (NIH).

Women over 50 who maintain a sense of curiosity and openness to learning often discover new solutions that better address their changing needs. Staying informed about ingredients, trends, and emerging science allows you to make empowered choices and avoid outdated or debunked advice. For example, the shift away from harsh physical exfoliants toward gentle chemical exfoliants reflects an improved understanding of skin biology and barrier health.

To keep learning, follow updates from trusted organizations such as the American Academy of Dermatology, read peer-reviewed journals, and consult reputable health and beauty platforms. Lifelong curiosity not only enhances your skincare routine but also fosters a sense of engagement and empowerment throughout your beauty journey.

49. Build a Supportive Beauty Community

Connecting with others who share your interest in skincare and self-care can be transformative for both your beauty journey and overall well-being. Sharing knowledge, tips, and personal stories fosters encouragement, confidence, and a sense of belonging. Women over 50 often reflect on the difference between navigating beauty concerns in isolation—leading to confusion, self-doubt, or discouragement—and the empowerment that comes from supportive friends, online groups, or in-person communities (Psychology Today).

Isolation can make it harder to overcome beauty challenges or recognize the universality of certain experiences, while a strong community provides camaraderie, accountability, and access to collective wisdom. Whether it’s swapping product recommendations, celebrating milestones, or offering a listening ear, these connections help you stay motivated and resilient, especially during times of change.

Consider joining forums, local meetups, or online groups dedicated to beauty and wellness, such as those found on Reddit or through organizations like the American Academy of Dermatology. Building a supportive beauty community ensures you never have to go it alone—and makes the journey far more enjoyable.

50. Love the Skin You’re In

Self-compassion and acceptance are at the heart of true beauty, transcending age, trends, and imperfections. Women over 50 frequently share that the most profound transformation comes not from a product or procedure, but from embracing one’s unique features and the changes that come with time. Studies have shown that practicing self-acceptance is linked to higher self-esteem, improved well-being, and even healthier lifestyle choices (Psychology Today).

Stories of embracing laugh lines, scars, and shifting contours highlight the beauty of a life fully lived. Rather than critiquing every new freckle or wrinkle, many find peace and confidence in daily moments of self-kindness. This might mean looking in the mirror and expressing gratitude for your body’s resilience, or simply acknowledging the experiences that have shaped your character and appearance.

Try incorporating daily affirmations—such as “I honor my journey” or “I am beautiful as I am”—to nurture self-love and acceptance. For more tools on building self-compassion, explore the Center for Mindful Self-Compassion. Ultimately, loving the skin you’re in is the most empowering beauty secret of all.

Conclusion

Adopting smart beauty habits early is one of the most powerful gifts you can give your future self. The wisdom shared by women over 50 underscores that prevention—through daily sunscreen, mindful routines, and healthy choices—far outweighs the difficulty of correcting damage later. Simple yet effective steps, such as scheduling regular skin checks and consulting a dermatologist for personalized guidance, can safeguard both skin health and confidence for decades to come. For more expert advice and resources, visit the American Academy of Dermatology’s anti-aging guide. Remember, your skin’s journey is lifelong—begin care and self-compassion today for lasting beauty and well-being.

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