Common Causes of Constipation in Adults

1. Low Dietary Fiber Intake

Adequate dietary fiber is essential for maintaining healthy bowel habits. Fiber adds bulk to stool, which helps stimulate the muscles of the colon and promotes regular movement through the digestive tract. When adults consume insufficient fiber, the stool becomes hard and dry, making it more difficult to pass and slowing its transit time (source). Diets high in processed foods, refined grains, and low in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains are common culprits for low fiber intake.

Comparing diets, those rich in fiber (25-38 grams daily) often result in softer, bulkier stool and more regular bowel movements, while low-fiber diets increase the risk of constipation and discomfort. To improve fiber intake, adults should incorporate whole grains, legumes, fruits, and vegetables into their meals. It’s important to increase fiber gradually to allow the digestive system to adjust, which can minimize bloating and gas. Additionally, drinking plenty of water helps fiber work effectively in the gut. For more information on fiber’s role in digestion, visit the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics.

2. Dehydration

Water plays a crucial role in keeping stools soft and supporting smooth movement through the colon. When the body lacks sufficient fluids, the colon absorbs more water from waste material, resulting in hard, dry stools that are difficult to pass. This process slows down bowel movements and increases the risk of constipation (source). Imagine a sponge that is dried out; it becomes stiff and inflexible, much like stool that lacks enough moisture. In contrast, a well-hydrated sponge remains soft and pliable, just as properly hydrated stool moves easily through the intestines.

Adults are advised to monitor their hydration not only by the amount of fluids consumed but also by observing urine color. Pale, straw-colored urine generally indicates adequate hydration, while dark yellow urine may signal dehydration (source). Making a habit of drinking water consistently throughout the day, especially during hot weather or after exercise, helps maintain optimal fluid balance. Carrying a reusable water bottle and setting reminders to drink can further support daily hydration and promote regular bowel function.

3. Sedentary Lifestyle

Physical activity stimulates the muscles in the intestines, helping to move stool efficiently through the digestive tract. When adults lead a sedentary lifestyle, spending extended periods seated or inactive, bowel motility decreases, which can lead to slower and less frequent bowel movements (source). Research consistently shows that people who engage in regular physical activity experience fewer symptoms of constipation compared to those who are largely inactive. Active adults tend to have better bowel regularity, softer stools, and reduced discomfort, whereas inactivity is strongly associated with sluggish bowel function and increased risk of chronic constipation.

Incorporating movement into daily routines does not require strenuous exercise. Simple strategies such as taking short walks after meals, using stairs instead of elevators, stretching at regular intervals, or engaging in light household chores can significantly improve digestive health. Even moderate physical activity, such as brisk walking for 20-30 minutes most days of the week, can make a noticeable difference. For those with limited mobility, gentle chair exercises or yoga may also be beneficial. For more tips on staying active for digestive wellness, visit the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

4. Ignoring the Urge to Go

Regularly ignoring the body’s natural urge to have a bowel movement can significantly disrupt normal colon function. When the urge is suppressed, the stool remains in the colon longer, where more water is absorbed, making it harder and more difficult to pass (source). Over time, this habit can dull the body’s “alarm system,” reducing the sensation of needing to go and increasing the risk of chronic constipation. The process is similar to repeatedly hitting the snooze button on an alarm clock—eventually, the sense of urgency fades, and important messages are missed.

Many adults delay bowel movements due to busy schedules, lack of convenient restroom access, or embarrassment. However, consistently postponing can create a vicious cycle, leading to discomfort and more severe constipation. To support healthy bowel habits, it is important to respond to the urge to go as soon as possible. Establishing a regular bathroom routine, such as visiting the restroom after meals when the colon is naturally more active, can help retrain the body. For more information on the importance of responding to bowel urges, see the American Gastroenterological Association.

5. Medications: Opioids

Opioid painkillers, commonly prescribed for moderate to severe pain, are well-known for their constipating effects. These medications work by binding to specific receptors in the brain and nervous system to block pain signals, but they also interact with receptors in the gastrointestinal tract. This interaction slows the rhythmic contractions (peristalsis) that move stool through the colon, resulting in delayed transit and harder stools (source). The nervous system pathway affected by opioids is critical for gut motility, making constipation a frequent side effect even at therapeutic doses.

Opioid-induced constipation (OIC) is highly prevalent, affecting up to 60% of individuals who take these medications regularly (source). The discomfort and potential complications from OIC can significantly impact quality of life. Patients should consult a healthcare professional if they experience persistent constipation while using opioids, especially if it is severe or accompanied by symptoms such as abdominal pain, nausea, or vomiting. Medical providers may recommend adjustments to the medication regimen, prescribe laxatives, or explore alternative pain management strategies to alleviate constipation and prevent complications.

6. Medications: Antidepressants

Certain antidepressants are known to affect bowel function by altering neurotransmitter levels that regulate colonic movement. Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), such as amitriptyline and nortriptyline, are especially associated with constipation because they block acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter that stimulates gut motility (source). As a result, the colon’s natural contractions slow down, leading to harder stools and increased difficulty with bowel movements. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), such as fluoxetine and sertraline, generally have a milder effect but can still cause constipation in some individuals due to their influence on serotonin, another neurotransmitter integral to gastrointestinal function.

The occurrence and severity of constipation vary depending on the antidepressant class, dosage, and the individual’s sensitivity. If constipation develops after starting a new antidepressant, it is important to discuss these side effects with a healthcare provider. They may suggest adjusting the dose, switching to an alternative medication, or recommending strategies such as dietary changes, increased hydration, or the use of stool softeners. For more detailed information on the gastrointestinal side effects of antidepressants, visit the Mayo Clinic.

7. Medications: Antacids Containing Calcium or Aluminum

Many over-the-counter antacids contain calcium or aluminum compounds that can contribute to constipation. These ingredients bind with substances in the digestive tract, making stool firmer and more difficult to pass (source). Calcium-based antacids, such as those containing calcium carbonate, and aluminum-based formulations, like aluminum hydroxide, are particularly associated with this side effect. When these minerals combine with stool, they draw out water and increase its density, resulting in harder and drier bowel movements.

In contrast, antacids containing magnesium tend to have a laxative effect, often promoting softer stools and increased bowel frequency. Therefore, the type of antacid used can make a significant difference in digestive comfort. Individuals who experience constipation while taking antacids should carefully review ingredient lists and consult their healthcare provider for alternatives if needed. Opting for antacids that do not contain calcium or aluminum, or alternating with magnesium-based formulations, may help alleviate symptoms. For further information on the side effects of different antacid types, visit the Mayo Clinic’s antacid overview.

8. Medications: Iron Supplements

Iron supplements are commonly prescribed to treat or prevent iron deficiency anemia, but they frequently cause constipation as a side effect. Supplemental iron, particularly in tablet form, can harden stools and slow their passage through the colon (source). This happens because unabsorbed iron in the gut interacts with digestive enzymes and water, resulting in drier, denser stools that are more difficult to pass.

The constipating effect of iron supplements is generally more pronounced than iron obtained from dietary sources, such as red meat, beans, or leafy greens. Dietary iron is absorbed more gradually and is less likely to cause gastrointestinal distress. To mitigate constipation from iron supplements, individuals can take them with meals, increase their intake of dietary fiber, and ensure adequate hydration. Choosing slow-release or lower-dose iron formulations may also help minimize gastrointestinal side effects. Additionally, some people benefit from using a stool softener or switching to a liquid iron supplement, which may be gentler on the digestive tract. For more guidance on managing iron supplement side effects, visit the Healthline guide to iron supplements.

9. Medications: Antihistamines

Antihistamines, widely used to relieve allergy symptoms, can inadvertently contribute to constipation by reducing digestive secretions and slowing gut motility. These medications block histamine receptors, which play a role not only in allergic responses but also in stimulating the production of digestive fluids and promoting smooth muscle activity in the intestines (source). As a result, stool can become drier and passage through the colon may be delayed.

Older, first-generation antihistamines such as diphenhydramine (Benadryl) and chlorpheniramine are more likely to cause digestive side effects, including constipation, because they cross the blood-brain barrier and have stronger anticholinergic activity. Newer, second-generation antihistamines like loratadine (Claritin) and cetirizine (Zyrtec) are generally less sedating and tend to have fewer gastrointestinal effects, though some individuals may still experience mild constipation. If constipation becomes an issue, it may help to opt for non-drowsy, second-generation antihistamines or explore non-medicinal allergy management strategies. For more information about antihistamines and their side effects, see the Mayo Clinic guide to allergy medications.

10. Thyroid Disorders (Hypothyroidism)

Hypothyroidism, a condition in which the thyroid gland produces insufficient thyroid hormones, can significantly impact digestive health. Thyroid hormones are essential for regulating metabolism, and when levels are low, the entire body—including the digestive tract—slows down (source). This sluggish metabolism reduces the frequency and strength of intestinal contractions, leading to slower gut movement and an increased risk of constipation. The stool may remain in the colon longer, allowing more water to be absorbed and resulting in harder, drier stools that are difficult to pass.

In addition to constipation, hypothyroidism symptoms may include fatigue, weight gain, dry skin, hair loss, sensitivity to cold, and muscle weakness. Because these symptoms can be subtle or mistaken for other health issues, adults experiencing persistent constipation—especially when accompanied by other signs of hypothyroidism—should consider thyroid testing. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment with thyroid hormone replacement can restore normal gut motility and alleviate constipation. For more details on hypothyroidism symptoms and when to seek medical evaluation, visit the American Thyroid Association.

11. Diabetes Mellitus

Diabetes mellitus, particularly when poorly controlled, can lead to high blood sugar levels that damage nerves throughout the body—a condition known as diabetic neuropathy. When neuropathy affects the autonomic nerves that control the muscles of the digestive tract, it can slow or disrupt the normal movement of the bowels (source). This impairment often results in constipation, as the coordination and strength of intestinal muscle contractions are reduced, causing stool to move sluggishly through the colon and become hard to pass.

Constipation is a common gastrointestinal complication among individuals with diabetes, with studies indicating a prevalence of up to 60% in this population (source). Other related symptoms may include bloating, abdominal discomfort, and a sensation of incomplete evacuation. The best way to prevent or manage constipation linked to diabetes is through effective blood sugar control, which can slow the progression of nerve damage. Regular physical activity, a high-fiber diet, and staying hydrated are also helpful strategies. For more information on digestive issues in diabetes and management tips, visit the American Diabetes Association.

12. Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS-C)

Irritable Bowel Syndrome with constipation (IBS-C) is a common digestive disorder characterized by recurrent abdominal pain, discomfort, and infrequent, hard, or lumpy stools. In IBS-C, the muscles of the colon contract irregularly or too slowly, resulting in constipation and bloating (source). This subtype of IBS is distinct from IBS-D, the diarrheal form, where bowel movements are frequent, loose, and often urgent. While both conditions share symptoms like abdominal pain and changes in bowel habits, IBS-C is defined primarily by constipation, whereas IBS-D is defined by diarrhea.

People with IBS-C often experience episodes of straining, incomplete evacuation, and abdominal discomfort that can significantly affect quality of life. Triggers for IBS symptoms may include certain foods, stress, hormonal changes, or disruptions in routine. Tracking symptoms and potential triggers can help individuals and healthcare providers identify patterns and create effective management strategies. Symptom diaries, dietary adjustments, and stress reduction techniques are commonly recommended. For more information on IBS-C, symptom tracking, and treatment options, visit the International Foundation for Gastrointestinal Disorders.

13. Neurological Diseases (e.g., Parkinson’s, MS)

Neurological diseases such as Parkinson’s disease and multiple sclerosis (MS) frequently lead to constipation due to nerve damage that disrupts the coordination and strength of gut muscle contractions. The nervous system plays a vital role in signaling and regulating the smooth movement of the digestive tract. When neurological pathways are impaired, as seen in these conditions, the muscles of the colon may contract weakly or irregularly, slowing the passage of stool and increasing the risk of constipation (source).

Constipation in neurological diseases can present in different forms. Some individuals may experience infrequent, difficult-to-pass stools due to slow transit through the colon, while others may have issues with rectal evacuation, where the stool reaches the rectum but is difficult to expel. These symptoms can be particularly pronounced in Parkinson’s disease, where up to 70% of patients report chronic constipation, and in MS, where nerve demyelination further impairs bowel function (source).

Regular medical follow-up is crucial for individuals with neurological disorders, as constipation can significantly impact quality of life and may signal disease progression or complications. Tailored management plans should be developed with healthcare providers to address these unique challenges.

14. Pregnancy

Constipation is a common complaint during pregnancy, affecting up to 40% of expectant mothers (source). This issue arises due to both hormonal and mechanical changes in the body. Elevated levels of progesterone during pregnancy relax the smooth muscles throughout the body, including those in the digestive tract. This relaxation slows the passage of food and stool through the intestines, leading to constipation. As pregnancy progresses, especially in the third trimester, the growing uterus puts increased pressure on the intestines and rectum, further hindering bowel movements.

Women often experience the most significant constipation symptoms during the first and third trimesters. In the first trimester, hormonal changes are the primary culprit, while the third trimester brings added mechanical pressure from the uterus. To manage constipation gently during pregnancy, it is recommended to increase dietary fiber (such as whole grains, fruits, and vegetables), stay hydrated, and engage in regular, light physical activity like walking. Iron supplements, often prescribed during pregnancy, can also contribute to constipation, so discussing alternatives with a healthcare provider may be helpful. For additional tips on managing digestive concerns during pregnancy, visit the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists.

15. Menopause

Menopause marks a significant shift in a woman’s hormonal landscape, primarily characterized by a decline in estrogen levels. Estrogen helps regulate many bodily functions, including bowel motility. As estrogen decreases during menopause, the muscles of the digestive tract may lose some of their natural tone and rhythm, resulting in slower movement of stool through the colon and a higher risk of constipation (source). Reduced estrogen can also contribute to changes in gut microbiota and fluid balance, further impacting bowel regularity.

Women may notice a difference in bowel habits when comparing pre-menopausal and post-menopausal phases. Before menopause, hormonal fluctuations can cause temporary changes in digestion, but these symptoms often become more persistent and pronounced after menopause. Symptoms may include infrequent or difficult-to-pass stools, bloating, and abdominal discomfort. Tracking hormonal changes, bowel patterns, and related symptoms can help identify trends and facilitate more effective communication with healthcare providers. Incorporating lifestyle modifications, such as increasing dietary fiber, staying hydrated, and remaining physically active, may help manage constipation associated with menopause. For additional information on menopause and digestive health, visit the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases.

16. Aging

Aging naturally brings about changes in nearly every system of the body, including the digestive tract. As people grow older, the muscles of the colon tend to become less active, and the nerves that stimulate bowel movements may function less efficiently. This results in a slower transit of stool through the gut, making constipation more common in older adults compared to younger individuals (source). Additionally, age-related factors such as decreased physical activity, a tendency to drink less fluid, and the use of multiple medications can further contribute to bowel irregularities.

Older adults often report infrequent or difficult-to-pass stools, whereas younger adults generally have more regular and effortless bowel movements. These changes are not solely due to age, but the cumulative impact of lifestyle, health status, and medication use. To help maintain digestive health as you age, regular movement—such as daily walks or light stretching—and staying well-hydrated are essential. A diet rich in fiber from fruits, vegetables, and whole grains can also make a significant difference. For more tips on healthy aging and bowel care, visit the National Institute on Aging.

17. Travel and Routine Changes

Traveling, especially across multiple time zones, often disrupts the body’s natural rhythms and bowel habits. Factors such as jet lag, altered sleep patterns, unfamiliar foods, and changes in daily routines can all contribute to constipation during travel (source). For example, a long-haul flight may mean extended periods of sitting, limited access to bathrooms, and irregular meal times, all of which can slow gut motility and make it harder to maintain regular bowel movements.

Eating new or less fiber-rich foods, drinking less water, and feeling uncomfortable using public restrooms further increase the likelihood of constipation while away from home. Both short- and long-term changes to one’s daily schedule can confuse the body’s internal clock, or circadian rhythm, which plays a role in digestive function. To minimize these effects, it’s helpful to plan regular bathroom breaks, continue consuming fiber-rich foods, and drink plenty of water even while traveling. Adjusting to local time and scheduling meals and bathroom visits accordingly can help reset the digestive system. For more insights on travel-related constipation and prevention tips, see the WebMD guide to travel constipation.

18. Stress and Anxiety

The gut and brain are closely connected through a complex network known as the gut-brain axis, which allows emotional states to directly impact digestive function. During periods of stress or anxiety, the body releases hormones like cortisol and adrenaline that trigger the “fight or flight” response. These stress hormones can slow down digestion by reducing blood flow to the intestines and altering the natural contractions of the gut muscles, often leading to constipation (source).

Many people notice their bowel habits change during high-stress times, such as major life events, work deadlines, or personal upheaval. Compared to calm, relaxed periods, the digestive system is more likely to become sluggish and irregular under stress. The impact is often temporary but can become chronic if anxiety or stress remains unaddressed. Practicing relaxation techniques—such as deep breathing exercises, mindfulness meditation, gentle yoga, or regular physical activity—can help reduce stress and support healthy digestion. For more information about the connection between emotional well-being and gut health, and for tips on managing stress, visit the American Psychological Association resource on stress and the digestive system.

19. Depression

Depression is a mood disorder that can have far-reaching effects on physical health, including digestive function. The condition is often associated with changes in neurotransmitter levels, such as serotonin, which not only regulate mood but also play a key role in controlling gut motility. When these neurotransmitters are imbalanced, the muscles of the digestive tract may contract less effectively, leading to slower bowel movements and constipation (source).

In addition to the direct physiological impact, depression frequently causes a reduction in energy and motivation, making it harder for individuals to maintain healthy self-care routines. Activities such as preparing balanced meals, drinking enough water, and engaging in regular physical activity may be neglected, further increasing the risk of constipation. Compared to periods of emotional well-being, those struggling with depression often experience lower motivation and less engagement in daily habits that support digestive regularity. If constipation coincides with symptoms of depression—such as persistent sadness, loss of interest, or changes in sleep and appetite—it is important to seek mental health support. For resources and guidance on depression and digestive health, visit the National Institute of Mental Health.

20. Overuse of Laxatives

Laxatives are medications designed to stimulate bowel movements or soften stool, and they can provide short-term relief for occasional constipation. However, frequent or habitual use of laxatives can lead to significant problems with the colon’s natural function. Over time, the bowel muscles may become reliant on these medications and lose their ability to contract effectively on their own, resulting in worsened constipation when laxatives are stopped (source).

Occasional laxative use, such as after travel or dietary changes, is generally considered safe when used as directed. In contrast, habitual use—especially of stimulant laxatives—can cause the colon to become “lazy,” leading to a cycle of dependency and chronic constipation. Other risks include dehydration, electrolyte imbalances, and potential damage to the nerves and muscles of the colon. Individuals experiencing ongoing constipation should focus on lifestyle modifications, such as increasing fiber and fluid intake, rather than relying on laxatives. If regular laxative use becomes necessary, it is important to consult a healthcare provider. For more information on safe laxative use and the risks of overuse, visit the FDA consumer update.

21. Colon or Rectal Obstruction

Colon or rectal obstruction refers to a physical blockage that prevents stool from moving normally through the lower digestive tract. This blockage can be caused by tumors, strictures (narrowing due to scar tissue or inflammation), or large polyps that physically impede the passage of stool (source). Such obstructions lead to mechanical constipation, where the problem lies in the colon’s or rectum’s structure, as opposed to functional constipation, which is due to slowed movement or poor muscle coordination without an actual blockage.

Mechanical constipation caused by obstruction is often more severe and may progress rapidly. Symptoms include persistent constipation, abdominal pain, bloating, and a feeling of incomplete evacuation. In some cases, more urgent warning signs such as severe abdominal pain, vomiting, inability to pass gas, or sudden changes in bowel habits may indicate a serious blockage requiring immediate medical attention. Early diagnosis is critical, as untreated obstructions can lead to life-threatening complications, including bowel perforation or infection. Anyone experiencing these urgent warning signs should seek prompt evaluation. For further details on obstructive constipation and its management, visit the American Cancer Society.

22. Anal Fissures or Hemorrhoids

Anal fissures and hemorrhoids are common anorectal conditions that can cause significant pain during bowel movements. Anal fissures are small tears in the lining of the anus, while hemorrhoids are swollen veins in the rectal or anal area. Both conditions can make passing stool extremely uncomfortable or even excruciating, leading individuals to withhold bowel movements to avoid pain (source). This stool withholding behavior causes stool to remain in the colon longer, where more water is absorbed, resulting in harder, drier stools and worsening constipation.

The pain response may differ between acute and chronic cases. Acute pain—such as from a new fissure or recently inflamed hemorrhoid—can create an immediate fear of defecation. Over time, chronic pain may result in persistent avoidance and a cycle in which constipation and pain reinforce each other. Early treatment of anal fissures or hemorrhoids, including topical medications, warm baths, or minimally invasive procedures, can help break this cycle. Addressing pain and restoring comfort with bowel movements is key to preventing chronic constipation. For more information about symptoms and treatment options, visit the Mayo Clinic’s anal fissure resource.

23. Pelvic Floor Dysfunction

Pelvic floor dysfunction occurs when the muscles that support the pelvic organs and control bowel movements do not coordinate properly, making it difficult to effectively evacuate stool. Instead of relaxing during a bowel movement, the pelvic floor muscles may contract or fail to relax fully, resulting in incomplete evacuation and chronic constipation (source). This problem can develop after childbirth, pelvic surgery, or as a result of aging and muscle weakness.

Biofeedback therapy has shown promising outcomes for individuals with pelvic floor dysfunction. This non-invasive treatment uses sensors and visual or auditory feedback to help retrain the pelvic muscles and improve coordination. Studies indicate that biofeedback therapy is more effective than standard treatments, such as laxatives or dietary changes, for this specific form of constipation. Signs that may suggest pelvic floor dysfunction include prolonged straining, a sensation of incomplete evacuation, needing to use manual pressure or positioning to pass stool, and frequent episodes of constipation despite adequate fiber and hydration. Early recognition and specialized therapy are key to restoring normal bowel function. For more details on pelvic floor dysfunction and therapy options, visit the Cedars-Sinai resource.

24. Spinal Cord Injury

Spinal cord injuries can significantly disrupt nerve signals that control bowel function, leading to what is known as neurogenic bowel. When the spinal cord is damaged, the communication between the brain and the muscles of the colon and rectum is impaired or lost, making it difficult to coordinate bowel movements (source). The severity of constipation depends on the level and completeness of the injury. In complete spinal cord injuries, nerve signals are entirely blocked below the site of injury, often resulting in a loss of voluntary control over bowel movements and a higher risk of severe constipation or fecal impaction. Partial injuries may allow for some degree of voluntary or reflexive bowel function, but motility is generally reduced.

Bowel management strategies are essential for individuals with spinal cord injuries to maintain regularity and prevent complications. These may include scheduled toileting routines, the use of stool softeners or suppositories, digital stimulation, and dietary adjustments to increase fluid and fiber intake. Developing a customized bowel care plan with the guidance of a healthcare provider or rehabilitation specialist is crucial for optimizing quality of life. For comprehensive guidance on managing bowel health after spinal cord injury, visit the Christopher & Dana Reeve Foundation.

25. Multiple Sclerosis

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurological disorder characterized by immune-mediated damage to the protective covering (myelin) of nerve fibers in the central nervous system. When MS lesions develop along the nerve pathways that control bowel function, communication between the brain, spinal cord, and colon is disrupted. This can impair the reflexes and muscle contractions necessary for effective stool movement, leading to constipation or, less commonly, incontinence (source).

Symptoms of bowel dysfunction in MS can fluctuate depending on the location and severity of lesions, as well as disease activity. Some individuals may experience chronic constipation with prolonged intervals between bowel movements, while others may alternate between constipation and diarrhea, especially during MS flare-ups. Fatigue, reduced mobility, and medication side effects can further complicate bowel regularity. Successful management often requires a multidisciplinary approach, involving neurologists, gastroenterologists, physical therapists, and dietitians. Strategies may include tailored exercise, dietary modifications, medication adjustments, and pelvic floor therapy. Early recognition and intervention can improve comfort and reduce the risk of complications. For more guidance on MS and bowel management, visit the National MS Society.

26. Stroke

Stroke, which results from an interruption of blood flow to the brain, can have a profound impact on a person’s ability to control bowel movements. Depending on the area of the brain affected, a stroke may impair the nerves and muscles responsible for coordinating bowel function, leading to constipation or incontinence (source). Individuals may lose the sensation of needing to defecate, have trouble relaxing the pelvic muscles, or struggle with mobility, making it harder to reach the bathroom in time.

Bowel symptoms and recovery can vary significantly following a stroke. In the acute stage, patients are often less mobile, may be on constipating medications, and are likely to experience disrupted bowel routines due to hospitalization. As recovery progresses, some individuals regain partial or full control, while others may continue to face chronic bowel management challenges. Early rehabilitation interventions—such as bowel retraining, scheduled toileting, pelvic floor exercises, and dietary adjustments—are crucial for improving outcomes and preventing complications like fecal impaction. A multidisciplinary rehab team can tailor strategies to each patient’s needs. For more information on managing digestive and bowel problems after stroke, visit the Stroke Association.

27. Hypercalcemia

Hypercalcemia, a condition characterized by elevated levels of calcium in the blood, can significantly slow gut motility and contribute to constipation. High calcium levels interfere with the normal contraction of intestinal muscles, reducing peristalsis—the waves of movement that propel stool through the colon (source). This sluggish movement allows more water to be absorbed from the stool, resulting in harder, drier stools that are more difficult to pass.

Hypercalcemia can be caused by various underlying conditions, most notably hyperparathyroidism (overactivity of the parathyroid glands), certain cancers, or excessive intake of calcium supplements and vitamin D. Other symptoms of hypercalcemia may include nausea, abdominal pain, frequent urination, muscle weakness, and confusion. Because the symptoms are often nonspecific, constipation that persists alongside these signs should prompt consideration of blood calcium levels. A simple blood test can confirm the diagnosis, allowing for targeted treatment of the underlying cause. Managing hypercalcemia typically involves addressing the root condition and, in severe cases, medications to lower blood calcium. For more information on hypercalcemia, its causes, and recommended evaluations, visit the Mayo Clinic’s hypercalcemia resource.

28. Low Potassium (Hypokalemia)

Potassium is a vital electrolyte that helps regulate muscle contractions throughout the body, including those in the digestive tract. When potassium levels drop—a condition known as hypokalemia—the muscles of the bowel can become weak or sluggish, making it more difficult for stool to move efficiently through the colon (source). This can lead to constipation, as weak bowel muscles are unable to generate strong peristaltic waves to propel waste forward.

Symptoms of hypokalemia can range from mild to severe. Mild deficiency may present with subtle symptoms such as fatigue, muscle cramps, and occasional constipation. In more severe cases, individuals might experience significant muscle weakness, abdominal bloating, irregular heart rhythms, or even paralysis. Because hypokalemia can result from factors like diuretic use, excessive vomiting or diarrhea, or certain medical conditions, it is important for those at risk to have their electrolyte levels checked regularly. Early detection allows for timely correction through dietary changes or supplementation. For more information on hypokalemia, its effects, and management strategies, visit the Mayo Clinic hypokalemia guide.

29. High Dairy Intake (Especially Cheese)

Consuming large amounts of dairy products, particularly cheese, can contribute to constipation in some adults. Cheese is low in fiber and high in fat, which can slow digestion and lead to firmer, drier stools (source). The dense protein and fat content in cheese can further contribute to sluggish gut motility, especially when consumed in excess or as a substitute for fiber-rich foods like fruits, vegetables, and whole grains.

Compared to other dairy products, cheese is more likely to cause constipation because it contains less water and negligible fiber. Milk and yogurt, especially those with probiotics, are often better tolerated and may have a milder effect on bowel regularity. However, some adults who are lactose intolerant may experience different symptoms from dairy consumption, such as diarrhea, gas, or bloating, rather than constipation. The overlap between constipation from high cheese intake and digestive upset in lactose intolerance can sometimes make it difficult to pinpoint the cause. Moderating cheese and other low-fiber dairy product intake while increasing fiber and fluids can help restore bowel balance. For more on the digestive effects of dairy, visit the American Gastroenterological Association’s lactose intolerance resource.

30. Gluten Sensitivity or Celiac Disease

For some adults, consuming gluten—a protein found in wheat, barley, and rye—can trigger inflammation in the digestive tract and disrupt normal bowel function. In celiac disease, an autoimmune disorder, gluten exposure damages the lining of the small intestine, leading to malabsorption, inflammation, and a range of digestive symptoms, including constipation (source). The inflammation can slow gut motility, resulting in harder stools and more difficult bowel movements.

Non-celiac gluten sensitivity produces similar gastrointestinal symptoms, such as bloating, abdominal discomfort, and constipation, but without the autoimmune damage seen in celiac disease. The exact mechanisms are not as well understood, but gluten may still induce inflammation and affect bowel regularity in sensitive individuals. If gluten sensitivity or celiac disease is suspected, it is important to consult a healthcare professional for proper diagnosis and management. A trial of a gluten-free diet should only be undertaken under medical supervision to ensure nutritional adequacy and to confirm whether gluten is the cause. For more information on symptoms, testing, and gluten-free diets, visit the Mayo Clinic’s celiac disease resource.

31. Eating Disorders

Eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa can have a profound impact on digestive health, leading to chronic constipation and other gastrointestinal complications. In anorexia, severe calorie restriction and inadequate intake of essential nutrients, particularly fiber and fluids, slow down bowel motility and reduce stool bulk (source). The body responds to starvation by conserving energy and slowing non-essential functions, including digestion, which can result in infrequent and difficult bowel movements.

In bulimia, cycles of binge eating may be followed by purging behaviors such as self-induced vomiting or the misuse of laxatives. Chronic laxative abuse can damage the nerves and muscles of the colon, leading to dependence and a “lazy bowel,” where normal peristalsis is impaired. Both disorders may present with abdominal pain, bloating, and prolonged constipation, but the underlying mechanisms and patterns can differ. Recognizing these symptoms in the context of eating disorders is crucial, as untreated gastrointestinal issues can become life-threatening. Recovery requires comprehensive medical and psychological support. For more information and resources on eating disorders and digestive health, visit the National Eating Disorders Association.

32. Chronic Kidney Disease

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with a range of complications that can negatively impact digestive health, including constipation. As kidney function declines, the body’s ability to maintain normal levels of fluids and electrolytes—such as potassium and calcium—becomes impaired. These imbalances can disrupt the normal contractions of the colon, slowing bowel motility and increasing the risk of constipation (source). Medications commonly used in CKD, such as phosphate binders or iron supplements, may further contribute to sluggish bowels.

Symptoms of constipation and digestive discomfort may vary throughout the progression of CKD. In the early stages, mild constipation may be an intermittent issue, often related to dietary changes or medication adjustments. However, in advanced or late-stage CKD, constipation can become persistent and more severe due to worsening electrolyte disturbances, limited fluid intake, decreased appetite, and reduced physical activity. Regular health monitoring, including blood tests to assess kidney function and electrolyte levels, is critical for early detection and management of complications. Patients with CKD should work closely with their healthcare team to address constipation and avoid further health risks. For more information on CKD and digestive health, visit the National Kidney Foundation.

33. Scleroderma

Scleroderma is an autoimmune disorder characterized by abnormal growth of connective tissue, which causes hardening and tightening of the skin and, in many cases, internal organs. When scleroderma affects the digestive system, it can lead to fibrosis and stiffening of the intestinal walls, particularly in the colon (source). This reduced flexibility impairs the normal contractions and movement of stool, resulting in chronic constipation, bloating, and sometimes severe gastrointestinal complications.

While the skin symptoms—such as thickening, tightness, or shiny patches—are often more apparent and may prompt an initial diagnosis, gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms can be just as debilitating. Digestive issues might include difficulty swallowing, acid reflux, and persistent constipation due to slowed gut motility. These symptoms may occur before, after, or alongside skin changes, underscoring the importance of considering scleroderma in adults with unexplained GI complaints. Early referral to a rheumatologist is essential for comprehensive evaluation and management, as prompt treatment can help slow disease progression and improve quality of life. For more information on scleroderma and its gastrointestinal effects, visit the American College of Rheumatology.

34. Chronic Dehydration from Diuretics

Diuretics, commonly prescribed for high blood pressure or fluid retention, work by increasing urine output and removing excess salt and water from the body. While effective for managing these conditions, diuretics can also lead to chronic dehydration if fluid intake does not adequately match the increased loss (source). Ongoing low hydration reduces the water content in the colon, resulting in harder, drier stools and slower bowel movements—common contributors to constipation.

There are different types of diuretics, with thiazide diuretics (such as hydrochlorothiazide) and loop diuretics (such as furosemide) being the most frequently used. Loop diuretics tend to be more potent and may lead to greater fluid and electrolyte loss compared to thiazides, increasing the risk of dehydration and subsequent constipation. Proper hydration management is essential for individuals taking diuretics. This includes monitoring urine color, regularly checking electrolyte levels, and discussing fluid recommendations with a healthcare provider. Adjusting the timing or dosage of diuretics and increasing dietary fiber may also help mitigate constipation. For more information on diuretics and hydration, visit the American Heart Association.

35. High Meat, Low Plant Diet

Diets that are high in red meat and low in plant-based foods can significantly contribute to constipation in adults. Red meat is devoid of dietary fiber, an essential component for adding bulk to stool and promoting regular bowel movements. In addition, excessive meat consumption can alter the gut microbiota, reducing the population of beneficial bacteria that thrive on plant fibers and are important for healthy digestion (source). A lack of fruits, vegetables, legumes, and whole grains not only means less fiber but may also limit important nutrients and water content needed for optimal bowel function.

The Western diet, characterized by high intake of red and processed meats and minimal plant foods, is strongly associated with digestive complaints, including chronic constipation. In contrast, the Mediterranean diet emphasizes whole grains, fruits, vegetables, legumes, and healthy fats, supporting a diverse gut microbiome and regular bowel habits. Gradually increasing the proportion of plant-based foods while reducing red meat intake can help ease the transition, minimize digestive discomfort, and improve overall gastrointestinal health. For more guidance on dietary patterns and digestive health, visit the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health Nutrition Source.

36. Low Food Intake (Caloric Restriction)

Very low-calorie diets, whether for weight loss or other reasons, can significantly slow the movement of food through the digestive tract. When the body receives insufficient calories, it responds by conserving energy and decreasing the frequency and strength of intestinal contractions. This reduced gut motility leads to infrequent, harder stools and increases the risk of constipation (source). Caloric restriction also typically results in lower fiber intake, further compounding the problem.

Fasting or extremely restrictive eating plans often differ from balanced calorie-controlled diets in their effects on digestion. While fasting or very low-calorie regimens may cause pronounced constipation due to minimal food and fiber intake, balanced plans that include adequate nutrients and fiber are less likely to disrupt regular bowel function. Additionally, restrictive diets can lead to dehydration, electrolyte imbalances, and nutrient deficiencies that further impair digestive health. Anyone considering a low-calorie or fasting regimen should seek medical guidance to ensure safety and minimize adverse effects. For more information on safe approaches to calorie restriction and its impact on digestion, visit the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics.

37. Overuse of Caffeine

Caffeine, found in coffee, tea, energy drinks, and some sodas, is well known for its stimulating effects on both the central nervous system and the digestive tract. In moderate amounts, caffeine can actually promote bowel movements by increasing gut motility and stimulating the colon (source). However, excessive caffeine intake can have the opposite effect by acting as a diuretic, increasing fluid loss through urination and potentially leading to dehydration. When the body becomes dehydrated, the colon absorbs more water from stool, causing it to become harder and more difficult to pass.

The effects of caffeine on digestion vary depending on the amount consumed. Moderate intake—typically defined as up to 400 milligrams per day for most adults—is generally safe and may even be beneficial for some people’s digestive health. Excessive consumption, however, not only raises the risk of dehydration but can also cause jitteriness, heart palpitations, and digestive disturbances. To avoid constipation related to overuse, it’s wise to monitor caffeine intake and ensure adequate hydration, especially if consuming large quantities of caffeinated beverages. For further advice on caffeine and digestive health, visit the FDA consumer update on caffeine.

38. Alcohol Consumption

Alcohol consumption can significantly impact digestive health by both dehydrating the body and disrupting the natural rhythm of the gut. Alcohol acts as a diuretic, increasing urine output and leading to fluid loss, which reduces the water available in the colon to soften stool (source). This dehydration effect is a common cause of constipation, especially when alcohol is consumed without adequate water intake. Additionally, alcohol can interfere with the normal muscular contractions (peristalsis) of the intestines, further slowing the passage of stool and increasing the likelihood of constipation.

The method and amount of alcohol consumption play a significant role in its digestive effects. Binge drinking or consuming large quantities in a short period is more likely to result in severe dehydration and pronounced disruption of gut motility, leading to constipation and other digestive complaints. In contrast, moderate drinking may have less impact but can still contribute to constipation if not balanced with proper hydration. For optimal gut health, it is advisable to limit alcohol intake, drink water alongside alcoholic beverages, and be mindful of the cumulative effects on digestion. For more information on alcohol and digestive health, visit the CDC’s alcohol use fact sheet.

39. Excessive Use of Calcium Supplements

Calcium is an essential mineral for bone health, but excessive use of calcium supplements can contribute to constipation by hardening the stool and slowing its movement through the colon. When too much supplemental calcium is present in the digestive tract, it can bind with other substances and draw out water, resulting in firmer, drier stools (source). This effect is more pronounced with calcium carbonate supplements, which are commonly taken to support bone health or manage conditions like osteoporosis.

Calcium obtained from food sources—such as dairy products, leafy greens, or fortified foods—rarely causes constipation, as these foods also provide other nutrients and fluids that aid in digestion. However, calcium pills deliver a concentrated dose that is more likely to overwhelm the digestive system’s ability to process the mineral efficiently. To minimize the risk of constipation and other side effects, it is advisable to consult with a healthcare provider before beginning calcium supplementation, especially at high doses. A provider can help determine the appropriate amount and type of supplement based on individual health needs. For more guidance, visit the NIH Office of Dietary Supplements.

40. Poor Bathroom Accessibility

Poor bathroom accessibility is a frequently overlooked cause of constipation in adults, particularly among those with mobility challenges or disabilities. When restrooms are difficult to reach or inadequately equipped for safe use, individuals may delay or avoid responding to the urge to have a bowel movement. This withholding behavior results in stool remaining longer in the colon, where it becomes drier and harder, significantly increasing the risk of constipation (source).

Scenarios in care facilities or assisted living environments often highlight this issue. Residents may struggle to access shared bathrooms, require assistance that is not always immediately available, or find that facilities lack proper handrails, raised toilet seats, or adequate privacy. These barriers create anxiety and discourage timely bathroom use. Addressing environmental obstacles—such as installing accessible fixtures, ensuring sufficient staff support, and designing private, easy-to-reach restrooms—can greatly improve bowel health and quality of life for affected individuals. Awareness of these barriers is crucial not only for care providers but also for family members and facility managers. For more information on the importance of accessible restrooms and environmental adaptations, visit the CDC’s accessible restroom resource.

41. Chronic Pain

Chronic pain conditions, such as arthritis, fibromyalgia, or persistent back pain, can significantly impact both mobility and digestive health. Pain often limits a person’s ability to move regularly, reducing physical activity that is essential for stimulating gut motility and supporting regular bowel movements (source). Additionally, the body’s stress response to ongoing pain can alter the release of hormones and neurotransmitters that influence the digestive tract, sometimes resulting in slower bowel transit or changes in gut function.

On pain-free or low-pain days, individuals are typically more active and likely to maintain healthy routines, promoting better digestive regularity. In contrast, high-pain days often lead to prolonged periods of immobility, disrupted eating and hydration patterns, and even withholding bowel movements due to discomfort or difficulty accessing the bathroom. These factors can create a cycle where pain and constipation worsen each other. Coordinated care—addressing both pain management and bowel health—is vital for improving outcomes. This may include physical therapy, medication adjustments, dietary strategies, and supportive therapies. For more information on chronic pain and digestive health, visit the CDC’s chronic pain management resource.

42. Overuse of Anticholinergic Drugs

Anticholinergic drugs block the action of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter essential for stimulating muscle contractions throughout the body, including the digestive tract. When these drugs are used excessively, they can significantly reduce gut motility, causing stools to move more slowly through the colon and increasing the risk of constipation (source). The suppression of these important signals can lead to hard, dry stools and infrequent bowel movements, especially in older adults who are more sensitive to medication side effects.

Common medications with anticholinergic properties include certain antihistamines (like diphenhydramine), tricyclic antidepressants (such as amitriptyline), antipsychotics, medications for overactive bladder (oxybutynin), and some antispasmodics prescribed for gastrointestinal disorders. Because these drugs are found in a wide range of prescription and over-the-counter products, individuals may not always realize they are taking multiple anticholinergic agents. It is important to regularly review all medications with a healthcare provider, especially if persistent constipation develops. Adjusting or substituting medications may help restore bowel regularity and reduce the risk of complications. For a comprehensive list and more information, visit the National Library of Medicine resource on anticholinergic drugs.

43. Lead or Heavy Metal Exposure

Exposure to lead and other heavy metals can have toxic effects on the nervous system, including the intricate network of nerves that control gut motility. These toxins interfere with the transmission of nerve impulses and the coordination of muscle contractions in the digestive tract, leading to reduced bowel movement efficiency and constipation (source). Chronic exposure can result in lasting damage to both nerve and smooth muscle cells, while acute high-level exposures may cause rapid onset of severe constipation, abdominal pain, and even intestinal obstruction.

The symptoms and health effects of heavy metal toxicity depend on the duration and intensity of exposure. Acute exposure, such as ingesting a large amount of contaminated material, may produce dramatic gastrointestinal symptoms, while chronic low-level exposure can cause subtle, progressive digestive and neurological issues over time. If constipation occurs alongside other signs of toxicity—such as fatigue, cognitive changes, or unexplained abdominal pain—environmental assessment and medical evaluation are recommended. Identifying and eliminating the source of exposure is crucial for long-term recovery. For information on assessing and managing heavy metal exposure, visit the EPA’s lead resource page.

44. Inflammatory Bowel Disease Remission

Even during periods of remission, individuals with Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis—two main forms of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)—can experience constipation. This is often due to scarring (fibrosis) and the formation of strictures, which are narrowings in the bowel that develop as a result of past inflammation and tissue healing (source). These structural changes can partially block the passage of stool, slowing transit and leading to symptoms of constipation even when active inflammation is not present.

Constipation in IBD remission differs from the loose stools typically associated with disease flare-ups. It may present with abdominal discomfort, bloating, or a sensation of incomplete evacuation. Regular gastrointestinal follow-up is essential for patients with a history of IBD to monitor for complications such as strictures, as these can also increase the risk of bowel obstruction and other serious issues. Early recognition and intervention—such as imaging studies or endoscopic evaluation—help prevent progression and maintain digestive health. For more information on IBD complications and ongoing care, visit the Crohn’s & Colitis Foundation.

45. Hormonal Contraceptives

Hormonal contraceptives, including birth control pills, patches, and hormonal intrauterine devices (IUDs), contain synthetic forms of estrogen and/or progestin that can influence various bodily functions, including digestion. In some users, these hormones may alter gut motility by relaxing the smooth muscles of the intestines, leading to slower transit of stool and an increased risk of constipation (source). The effect appears to be more pronounced in sensitive individuals or those who already have a predisposition to digestive irregularities.

Different contraceptive methods may impact bowel function to varying degrees. Oral contraceptive pills and patches deliver systemic hormones throughout the body and are more likely to cause digestive side effects. In contrast, hormonal IUDs release hormones locally within the uterus, resulting in lower systemic hormone levels and generally fewer gastrointestinal effects. Regardless of the method, it is important for users to monitor for any changes in bowel habits after starting or switching contraceptives. If constipation or other digestive issues develop, discussing these symptoms with a healthcare provider can help determine whether an adjustment in contraception or additional support is needed. For more information, visit the Planned Parenthood birth control resource.

46. Fast Food and Processed Diets

Diets high in fast food and processed products are a significant contributor to constipation in adults. These foods are typically low in dietary fiber and high in saturated fats and refined sugars, which can slow digestion and result in harder, less frequent stools (source). The lack of fiber means that stool does not retain enough water or bulk, making it more difficult to pass through the colon efficiently. Additionally, the high fat content in many processed foods can further delay stomach emptying and intestinal transit time.

In contrast to home-cooked meals—which often include whole grains, fresh fruits, and vegetables—fast food meals are less likely to provide the nutrients necessary for healthy bowel function. Regular consumption of burgers, fries, fried chicken, and packaged snacks can quickly displace healthier options and lead to chronic constipation. To improve digestive health, consider alternatives such as preparing meals at home using fiber-rich ingredients, choosing salads or steamed vegetables as sides, and swapping out sugary sodas for water. For more information on healthy eating habits and digestive wellness, visit the American Heart Association guide to processed foods.

47. Disordered Sleep Patterns

Irregular sleep patterns can have a profound impact on digestive health by disrupting the body’s circadian rhythms, which regulate many physiological processes, including gut motility. The colon has its own internal clock, and regular sleep-wake cycles help coordinate the timing of bowel movements. When sleep is fragmented or inconsistent—such as in the case of shift workers, frequent travelers, or those with insomnia—the natural rhythm of the gut is disturbed, often resulting in constipation (source).

Studies show that shift workers, who often sleep at irregular hours, are more likely to experience digestive issues compared to individuals with regular sleep schedules. Disordered sleep can reduce the frequency and effectiveness of the colon’s contractions, making it harder to maintain regular bowel movements. To support both sleep and digestive health, implementing good sleep hygiene is recommended: maintain a consistent sleep schedule, create a comfortable sleep environment, limit screen time before bed, and avoid caffeine late in the day. These practices can help realign circadian rhythms and promote more predictable bowel habits. For more tips on healthy sleep and its connection to digestion, visit the Sleep Foundation’s sleep hygiene guide.

48. Chronic Stress at Work

Ongoing workplace stress is a common factor that can negatively impact digestive health, particularly by contributing to constipation. Chronic stress at work triggers the release of stress hormones like cortisol and adrenaline, which can suppress gut motility and slow the movement of stool through the colon (source). Over time, this physiological response can result in infrequent, difficult, or painful bowel movements. Additionally, high-stress jobs often disrupt routines—leading to skipped meals, poor hydration, and less time for physical activity—all of which can further contribute to constipation.

Studies have found that individuals in high-stress professions, such as healthcare, emergency services, or finance, are more likely to report gastrointestinal complaints than those in lower-stress roles. Regular exposure to stressful environments can make it challenging to maintain healthy digestive habits. Implementing workplace wellness strategies, such as mindfulness training, scheduled breaks, access to healthy food options, and opportunities for movement throughout the day, can help mitigate the effects of stress on gut health. For more information on managing stress in the workplace and its impact on the digestive system, visit the American Psychological Association Healthy Workplaces resource.

49. Unrecognized Food Allergies

Unrecognized food allergies can play a significant role in chronic constipation by causing low-grade inflammation and sluggish gut motility. When the immune system reacts to certain foods, it can trigger inflammation in the digestive tract, which may reduce the efficiency of the intestinal muscles and slow the movement of stool (source). While classic food allergies typically present with immediate and obvious symptoms such as hives, swelling, or difficulty breathing, many adults experience more subtle intolerances that primarily affect the gut—manifesting as bloating, abdominal discomfort, and altered bowel habits, including constipation.

These milder reactions can be particularly difficult to identify, as symptoms may develop hours or even days after consuming the problematic food, making the connection less apparent. Common culprits include dairy, eggs, soy, nuts, and wheat. Keeping a detailed food diary is an effective strategy for tracking intake and symptoms, helping to identify potential food triggers over time. Discussing diary findings with a healthcare provider or dietitian can lead to proper testing and dietary modifications. For more information on food allergies, intolerances, and digestive symptoms, visit the Food Allergy Research & Education (FARE) resource.

50. Genetic Predisposition

Genetics play a notable role in determining an individual’s risk for constipation by influencing gut motility, stool consistency, and the overall function of the digestive tract. Research has identified specific gene variants associated with slower intestinal transit times and altered water absorption in the colon, both of which can contribute to chronic constipation (source). People with a family history of constipation or related digestive disorders are more likely to experience similar symptoms, highlighting the importance of inherited factors.

Comparing family histories often reveals patterns: some families report frequent constipation across multiple generations, while others rarely encounter such issues. This contrast underscores the influence of both genetics and shared lifestyle habits. If constipation appears to run in your family, it’s helpful to discuss symptoms with relatives and share this information with your healthcare provider. Early recognition of a genetic predisposition allows for more proactive management—such as lifestyle modifications, preventive strategies, and appropriate screening. For more on the genetics of gastrointestinal motility and personalized digestive care, visit the official journal of the American Gastroenterological Association.

Conclusion

Constipation in adults can stem from a wide array of causes, ranging from dietary habits and medications to underlying medical conditions and genetic factors. Recognizing the diversity of these triggers is essential for timely and effective management. Persistent or severe constipation should never be ignored, as it may signal a more serious underlying issue requiring medical evaluation (source). Proactive lifestyle changes—such as improving diet, staying hydrated, increasing physical activity, and monitoring medications—are valuable first steps. Regular screening and open communication with healthcare providers further ensure that any emerging issues are addressed early, promoting better digestive health and overall well-being.

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