Countries Where Prostate Cancer Stays Rare: Why?

1. Japan

Japan stands out for its remarkably low incidence of prostate cancer compared to Western countries. Several factors contribute to this phenomenon, with diet often cited as a significant influence. Traditional Japanese meals are rich in fish, soy products, green tea, and vegetables, while red meat and high-fat dairy—common in Western diets—are consumed in much smaller quantities. These dietary differences are believed to play a protective role, with studies suggesting that soy isoflavones and omega-3 fatty acids from fish may help reduce prostate cancer risk.

Genetics and cultural factors also appear to be at play. Japanese men have a lower genetic predisposition to prostate cancer, and the country’s emphasis on preventive health practices may further minimize risk. Interestingly, when Japanese men migrate to Western countries and adopt local eating habits, their prostate cancer risk increases, highlighting the impact of environmental factors National Cancer Institute. In comparison, Western nations like the United States and parts of Europe report prostate cancer rates many times higher than Japan, illustrating how lifestyle and environment shape disease patterns.

2. China

China is another country where prostate cancer rates remain strikingly low compared to global averages. A key factor is the population’s largely plant-based diet, rich in vegetables, soy, legumes, and tea, while red meat and high-fat dairy are consumed sparingly. Research points to the protective effects of phytonutrients and antioxidants found in traditional Chinese diets, which may play a role in reducing cancer risk.

Traditional Chinese medicine also shapes health attitudes, promoting balance and prevention through herbs, teas, and lifestyle practices. Environmental exposures differ between urban and rural areas, with rural regions often showing even lower rates of prostate cancer, possibly due to less industrialization and a more traditional diet. However, as urbanization increases, urban Chinese men are beginning to exhibit slightly higher prostate cancer rates, likely reflecting dietary and lifestyle shifts toward Western patterns National Institutes of Health.

Overall, China’s combination of dietary habits, cultural health practices, and environmental factors continues to set it apart from countries where prostate cancer is more common, although ongoing changes in lifestyle may influence future trends.

3. India

India consistently reports low rates of prostate cancer compared to Western nations. One major contributing factor is the traditional Indian diet, which is predominantly vegetarian for many, with minimal red meat consumption. Spices like turmeric, which contains the anti-inflammatory compound curcumin, are used liberally and may offer protective benefits against cancer. Research suggests that diets rich in plant-based foods and spices could play a role in reducing prostate cancer risk National Institutes of Health.

However, India’s statistics are complicated by issues of underdiagnosis and limited access to widespread screening. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing is not routinely offered, especially in rural areas, leading to fewer reported cases and possible underestimation of the true incidence. Cultural attitudes toward health screenings and the lack of awareness about prostate health further limit early detection National Institutes of Health.

Despite these limitations, India’s combination of dietary patterns and lifestyle factors continues to be associated with lower prostate cancer rates, although changing diets and increased urbanization could alter this trend in the years ahead.

4. Indonesia

Indonesia is notable for its exceptionally low incidence of prostate cancer, a trend that sets it apart even among its Southeast Asian neighbors. Dietary customs in Indonesia emphasize fish, rice, vegetables, and a variety of plant-based foods, with minimal reliance on red meat or processed foods. Spices and herbs such as ginger, turmeric, and lemongrass are widely used, potentially contributing to the country’s cancer protection profile. Some studies suggest that the traditional Indonesian diet’s high fiber and antioxidant content may play a role in lowering prostate cancer risk National Institutes of Health.

Genetic factors may further protect Indonesian men, as the population shares certain genetic traits linked to lower prostate cancer susceptibility. When compared to neighboring nations like Malaysia or the Philippines, Indonesia’s prostate cancer rates remain distinctly lower, which may be partly explained by differences in diet, genetics, and cultural habits. However, limited access to healthcare and prostate cancer screening, particularly in rural and remote areas, can result in underreporting of cases The Lancet.

While Indonesia’s traditional lifestyle and genetic background are likely protective, improving healthcare access and awareness will be essential for accurate understanding and management of prostate cancer moving forward.

5. Thailand

Thailand is another Southeast Asian nation where prostate cancer rates remain comparatively low. A central factor is the Thai diet, which is abundant in fish, soy products, fresh vegetables, and herbs. Soy-based foods, such as tofu and tempeh, are staples, providing isoflavones that are thought to help protect against hormone-related cancers, including prostate cancer National Institutes of Health. Fish, a primary protein source, delivers essential omega-3 fatty acids, which research links to reduced inflammation and cancer risk.

In contrast, Western diets often emphasize processed foods, high-fat dairy, and red meat—ingredients rarely central to Thai cuisine. The surge of fast-food culture in Western nations has paralleled increases in obesity and certain cancers, including prostate cancer Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Thailand’s culinary traditions, which prioritize fresh and minimally processed ingredients, appear to offer significant health advantages.

While modernization and urbanization are influencing dietary habits in Thailand, the prevalence of traditional eating patterns continues to help keep prostate cancer rates well below those seen in most Western countries.

6. South Korea

South Korea has historically maintained low prostate cancer rates, a trend often attributed to its unique dietary practices. Central to Korean cuisine are fermented foods like kimchi, which are rich in probiotics, vitamins, and bioactive compounds that may play a protective role against various cancers. Other staples include seafood, tofu, and a variety of vegetables, all contributing to overall healthier eating habits compared to many Western diets National Institutes of Health.

However, South Korea is experiencing a gradual increase in prostate cancer cases, a shift researchers attribute to Westernization of diet and lifestyle. As fast food and processed meats become more popular, traditional protective factors may be eroded, raising public health concerns Korean Journal of Urology.

To help prevent prostate cancer, experts recommend maintaining a diet high in vegetables, fermented foods, and fish, while minimizing red meat and processed food consumption. Regular exercise and routine health screenings are also important for early detection and long-term health.

7. Vietnam

Vietnam is recognized for its low prevalence of prostate cancer, a phenomenon closely linked to the nation’s dietary and health traditions. The Vietnamese diet is typically low in fat, focusing on rice, fish, vegetables, and modest portions of lean meats. Such eating patterns contrast sharply with high-fat Western diets and are thought to reduce cancer risks, including that of the prostate National Institutes of Health.

Additionally, Vietnam’s longstanding use of herbal medicines and natural remedies plays an influential role in everyday health. Herbs like turmeric, ginger, and ginseng are commonly incorporated into both cuisine and traditional remedies, potentially offering anti-inflammatory and antioxidant benefits.

Nevertheless, Vietnam is undergoing significant rural-to-urban migration, and urbanization is slowly shifting dietary patterns toward more processed and higher-fat foods. These changes could influence future prostate cancer trends. To address the risk, the Vietnamese government and non-profits are investing in awareness campaigns and preventive health education, encouraging regular check-ups and healthier lifestyle choices World Health Organization.

Vietnam’s experience highlights the protective nature of traditional diets and holistic medicine—while also warning of challenges brought by rapid modernization.

8. Singapore

Singapore stands out for its rare incidence of prostate cancer, a statistic influenced by both lifestyle and proactive public health policies. The nation’s multicultural society means that diets commonly feature a blend of Chinese, Malay, and Indian cuisines, which are typically rich in vegetables, fish, soy products, and spices. This diverse, largely plant-based diet is considered protective when compared to Western dietary patterns high in saturated fats and processed foods HealthHub Singapore.

Beyond diet, Singapore’s government has enacted aggressive health initiatives to combat cancer, including extensive awareness campaigns and subsidized screening programs. The Health Promotion Board regularly encourages men over the age of 50 to participate in prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screenings and educates the public about early warning signs HealthHub Singapore.

These efforts have helped foster a culture of prevention and early detection, keeping prostate cancer rates comparatively low. Singapore’s experience demonstrates the value of combining traditional, healthful eating with modern medical outreach to minimize cancer risk and improve population health outcomes.

9. Philippines

The Philippines reports lower rates of prostate cancer compared to many Western nations, a trend often linked to the country’s traditional, seafood-rich diet. Filipino cuisine features abundant fish, shellfish, and vegetables, providing essential omega-3 fatty acids and antioxidants that may help protect against cancer. This dietary pattern, combined with the limited consumption of red meat and processed foods, contrasts with the high-saturated-fat diets common in Western countries National Institutes of Health.

Genetic factors might also play a role, as studies suggest that certain populations in the Philippines could possess a lower inherent risk for prostate cancer development. However, underreporting remains a significant challenge. Limited access to healthcare, particularly in rural and remote islands, means that many men may go undiagnosed or receive diagnoses only at advanced stages. This lack of comprehensive data makes it difficult to determine the true prevalence of the disease PubMed.

For Filipino men, health experts recommend regular check-ups and discussions with healthcare providers about prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening, especially for those over age 50 or with a family history of cancer, to ensure early detection and better outcomes.

10. Malaysia

Malaysia demonstrates lower-than-average prostate cancer rates when compared to many parts of the world, thanks to a combination of lifestyle, genetics, and healthcare factors. The country’s diverse population, which includes Malay, Chinese, and Indian communities, enjoys a diet that emphasizes fish, rice, vegetables, and a variety of traditional spices and herbs. This varied, plant-forward diet is widely considered protective against cancers, including those of the prostate National Institutes of Health.

Genetic influences also play a part, with studies suggesting that certain genetic backgrounds common in Malaysia may reduce susceptibility to prostate cancer. However, like some neighboring countries, Malaysia faces challenges in healthcare access, especially in rural regions. Screening and early detection rates remain relatively low, which can lead to underdiagnosis and late-stage discovery of cases PubMed.

The Malaysian government and health organizations continue to promote awareness campaigns and encourage regular check-ups. By combining traditional healthy dietary practices, improved healthcare access, and education, Malaysia is working to further minimize prostate cancer risk and improve outcomes for its population.

11. Turkey

Turkey maintains comparatively low rates of prostate cancer in the region, largely attributed to its traditional diet and lifestyle. The Turkish diet is rich in legumes, vegetables, whole grains, olive oil, and moderate amounts of fish—hallmarks of the broader Mediterranean dietary pattern. Meals often include chickpeas, lentils, beans, eggplant, tomatoes, peppers, and leafy greens, which provide high levels of fiber, antioxidants, and phytochemicals. Numerous studies suggest the Mediterranean diet helps reduce the risk of many cancers, including prostate cancer National Institutes of Health.

In contrast, many of Turkey’s European neighbors have adopted more Westernized diets, higher in red meat and processed foods, which correlates with higher prostate cancer rates. The distinction is clear when comparing Turkey’s statistics to those of countries such as Germany, France, or Italy, where dietary shifts and increased consumption of fats have paralleled a rise in prostate cancer incidence International Agency for Research on Cancer.

Turkey’s continued adherence to a plant-forward, Mediterranean-influenced diet appears to provide substantial protection—serving as a model for cancer prevention in the region.

12. Egypt

Egypt is recognized for its notably low rates of prostate cancer, a pattern that stands out within North Africa. This trend is closely linked to plant-based dietary habits common throughout the country. Traditional Egyptian cuisine emphasizes legumes, whole grains, vegetables, and fruits, with limited reliance on red meat or processed foods. Staples like lentils, fava beans, and various leafy greens provide fiber and antioxidants, promoting general health and potentially offering cancer protection National Institutes of Health.

Egypt’s hot, arid climate also influences food choices, making lighter, plant-rich meals the norm. However, the nation’s healthcare infrastructure presents a double-edged sword: while underdiagnosis may partially explain lower reported rates, limited access to advanced screening and medical facilities remain challenges for early detection National Institutes of Health.

Interestingly, North African countries are beginning to see rising prostate cancer trends as diets and lifestyles change. Egypt’s experience underscores the importance of traditional diets and robust healthcare strategies in maintaining rare prostate cancer cases, even as regional habits evolve.

13. Saudi Arabia

Saudi Arabia reports rare cases of prostate cancer in comparison to global averages. Traditional Saudi diets emphasize whole grains, dates, legumes, and a variety of fresh fruits and vegetables. Lamb and poultry are consumed in moderation, while processed foods and red meats have historically been less prominent than in Western diets. This dietary pattern, rich in fiber and antioxidants, may contribute to lower prostate cancer risk National Institutes of Health.

However, the landscape is shifting as modernization and urbanization take hold. Fast-food chains, sedentary lifestyles, and increased consumption of processed foods are becoming more common, particularly in urban areas. These changes are raising concerns about the potential for rising cancer rates and other lifestyle-related chronic diseases The Lancet.

Despite the current rarity of prostate cancer, Saudi health authorities are increasingly focused on public health campaigns, education, and screening initiatives to address these emerging risks and preserve the protective benefits of traditional dietary habits.

14. Morocco

Morocco is distinguished by its low incidence of prostate cancer, a statistic often credited to the country’s traditional diet and lifestyle. A defining feature of Moroccan cuisine is the liberal use of olive oil, which is rich in healthy monounsaturated fats and antioxidants. Meals are typically centered around vegetables, legumes, whole grains, and moderate portions of fish and poultry, closely resembling the Mediterranean diet known for its cancer-protective effects National Institutes of Health.

Morocco’s traditional lifestyle, marked by regular outdoor activity and less reliance on processed foods, further supports overall health and may contribute to the country’s rare prostate cancer cases. However, healthcare infrastructure in Morocco faces challenges, and there is a risk of underdiagnosis due to limited access to routine screening in rural and remote areas. This can result in lower reported rates, even if the true incidence is somewhat higher National Institutes of Health.

As modernization progresses, it is essential to maintain traditional dietary and lifestyle habits while improving healthcare access to ensure early detection and continued low rates of prostate cancer.

15. Tunisia

Tunisia stands out among North African countries for its rare prostate cancer cases, a trend closely linked to the traditional Mediterranean diet. Tunisian meals are characterized by high consumption of vegetables, fruits, legumes, and whole grains—foods naturally rich in dietary fiber and antioxidants. Olive oil, a staple in Tunisian cooking, provides healthy monounsaturated fats believed to have protective effects against cancer National Institutes of Health.

This diet contrasts sharply with those high in red meat and processed foods, which are associated with increased prostate cancer risk. The abundance of fiber in the Tunisian diet promotes digestive health and may help regulate hormone levels, further lowering cancer risk.

Research into the Mediterranean diet continues to highlight its benefits for cancer prevention, and Tunisia’s adherence to these dietary patterns supports the country’s consistently low prostate cancer rates PubMed.

By maintaining a focus on plant-based foods, healthy fats, and traditional eating habits, Tunisia offers a compelling example of how lifestyle choices can influence cancer trends at the population level.

16. Algeria

Algeria is among the North African nations reporting low prostate cancer rates, a pattern shaped by both environmental and cultural influences. Algerian cuisine, rooted in the Mediterranean tradition, is rich in vegetables, legumes, whole grains, and healthy fats from olive oil. This dietary profile, high in antioxidants and fiber, is widely believed to help protect against many cancers, including prostate cancer National Institutes of Health.

Environmental factors, such as a warm climate and outdoor lifestyle, may further support general well-being, while lower levels of pollution in rural areas also contribute to reduced cancer risks. Moreover, Algeria has a longstanding tradition of herbal medicine and natural remedies, with plants like thyme, rosemary, and sage commonly used for their potential anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties National Institutes of Health.

However, challenges persist regarding access to advanced healthcare and early detection services, which can lead to underreporting of cases. Despite these limitations, Algeria’s blend of traditional diets and holistic health practices continues to play a pivotal role in keeping prostate cancer rates among the lowest globally.

17. Nigeria

Nigeria is often cited for its relatively rare cases of prostate cancer, a pattern shaped by a mix of genetic and lifestyle factors. Traditional Nigerian diets are largely based on whole grains, yams, beans, vegetables, and fruits, with little reliance on processed foods or red meat. This dietary profile, low in saturated fats and high in fiber, may contribute to the country’s lower prostate cancer rates compared to more Westernized nations National Institutes of Health.

Genetic factors are also a subject of scientific study, with some evidence suggesting that certain West African genetic profiles may provide a degree of protection against prostate cancer development. However, genetic diversity across Nigeria means risk can vary significantly among different ethnic groups.

Another important factor is the limited Western influence in many regions, especially rural areas where traditional diets and lifestyles persist. Nonetheless, Nigeria faces challenges with healthcare access and diagnostic infrastructure, which can lead to underreporting and late-stage diagnosis. Continued emphasis on traditional diets and public health education may help sustain Nigeria’s relatively low prostate cancer rates as the country modernizes.

18. Ethiopia

Ethiopia has maintained notably low rates of prostate cancer, a trend often attributed to the country’s distinctive dietary habits. Traditional Ethiopian cuisine relies heavily on whole grains, such as teff, barley, and sorghum, which form the basis of popular dishes like injera. Diets are also rich in legumes, lentils, and seasonal vegetables, with relatively little emphasis on red meat or processed foods National Institutes of Health.

These grain-rich, plant-based eating patterns provide high amounts of fiber, vitamins, and antioxidants, which have been linked to reduced cancer risk. The limited presence of processed foods and sugary beverages in most Ethiopian diets further supports positive health outcomes and may help shield against diseases common in more industrialized societies.

Despite these advantages, Ethiopia faces challenges in healthcare access and cancer screening, especially in rural areas. This can lead to underreporting and late diagnoses. Nevertheless, Ethiopia’s traditional dietary customs and minimal exposure to Westernized eating habits play a significant role in keeping prostate cancer cases among the lowest globally.

19. Kenya

Kenya is among the African nations with low prostate cancer rates, a phenomenon shaped by both traditional dietary practices and proactive community health measures. The Kenyan diet is predominantly plant-based, featuring staples such as maize, millet, beans, leafy greens, and root vegetables. Red meat and processed foods are consumed infrequently, especially in rural regions, reducing risk factors commonly associated with prostate cancer National Institutes of Health.

Community-driven health initiatives play an important role in raising awareness about cancer prevention and early detection. Non-governmental organizations and government agencies have launched campaigns to educate men on the importance of regular check-ups and recognizing early symptoms. While access to screening remains limited in some areas, these efforts are helping to minimize the impact of late-stage detection.

Kenya’s experience demonstrates the protective influence of plant-forward diets and the significance of grassroots health education. Continued investment in community health programs and the preservation of traditional eating patterns may help maintain Kenya’s low prostate cancer incidence, even as urbanization and dietary changes begin to take shape.

20. Ghana

Ghana is recognized for having rare cases of prostate cancer compared to many parts of the world. This trend is significantly influenced by the country’s traditional diet, which prioritizes plant-based staples such as yams, cassava, maize, plantains, beans, and a variety of leafy greens. Red meat and processed foods are consumed in moderation, helping to reduce common risk factors for prostate cancer National Institutes of Health.

Access to early screening, however, remains a challenge in Ghana. While urban centers may offer prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing and public awareness campaigns, many rural regions lack regular screening opportunities and adequate healthcare infrastructure. This can lead to underdiagnosis and the risk of late-stage discovery.

Health organizations and advocacy groups are increasingly working to raise awareness of prostate health and the importance of early detection. Encouraging regular check-ups and maintaining traditional dietary habits may continue to help Ghana keep its prostate cancer rates among the lowest globally, despite ongoing changes in urbanization and lifestyle.

21. Bangladesh

Bangladesh is notable for its rare incidence of prostate cancer, a trend closely associated with the country’s traditional eating habits. Bangladeshi cuisine is dominated by high consumption of vegetables, lentils, whole grains, and fish, while red meat and processed foods are consumed only occasionally. Dishes like dal (lentil stew), bhorta (mashed vegetables), and a variety of curries made from leafy greens and root vegetables provide a wealth of fiber, antioxidants, and essential nutrients National Institutes of Health.

Research suggests that diets high in vegetables and low in red meat can significantly reduce the risk of developing prostate cancer and other chronic diseases. The country’s rural population, in particular, tends to maintain these protective dietary patterns, though urbanization is slowly increasing the availability and consumption of processed foods.

While healthcare access and routine screening may lag in some areas, Bangladesh’s overall population continues to benefit from these traditional dietary habits. Ongoing education and the preservation of plant-forward diets are key to maintaining Bangladesh’s low prostate cancer rates as the country continues to develop.

22. Pakistan

Pakistan registers low rates of prostate cancer in comparison to many other countries, a trend attributed in part to traditional diets and cultural influences. Pakistani cuisine is renowned for its generous use of spices such as turmeric, cumin, coriander, and ginger, all of which have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties that may provide some protection against cancer National Institutes of Health.

Staple foods include lentils, chickpeas, whole grains, rice, and a wide variety of seasonal vegetables, while red meat is eaten less frequently and often in smaller portions. This plant-forward and spice-rich dietary pattern has been linked to lower risks for several chronic diseases, including prostate cancer.

However, there is growing concern about underdiagnosis and limited access to screening, especially in rural parts of Pakistan. Routine prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing and cancer awareness remain limited, which may lead to underreporting of actual cases PubMed.

Efforts to improve public health education and expand screening programs are essential to ensure early detection and better outcomes, while preserving the benefits of traditional dietary habits.

23. Sri Lanka

Sri Lanka is distinguished by its rare incidence of prostate cancer, a trend closely linked to the country’s plant-centric diet and reliance on traditional healing practices. Sri Lankan cuisine heavily features rice, lentils, coconut, leafy greens, and a wide assortment of vegetables and fruits. The frequent use of spices such as turmeric, cinnamon, and black pepper further boosts the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of daily meals National Institutes of Health.

Traditional medicine, especially Ayurveda, plays a significant role in Sri Lankan health culture. Ayurvedic remedies often incorporate herbs and natural ingredients believed to promote balance and reduce disease risk, including cancer.

These protective dietary and cultural factors are complemented by relatively low consumption of red meat and processed foods, both of which are associated with increased prostate cancer risk in other regions. While healthcare access and cancer screening are still developing, Sri Lanka’s blend of plant-based nutrition and holistic medicine helps explain its low prostate cancer occurrence.

24. Nepal

Nepal consistently reports rare cases of prostate cancer, a pattern shaped by its unique geography and traditional dietary customs. Many Nepalese live at high altitudes where access to fresh produce and animal proteins can be limited. As a result, daily meals typically center around grains such as rice, millet, and barley, along with lentils (dal), seasonal vegetables, and modest amounts of dairy. Animal fats are consumed sparingly, with red meat playing a minimal role in the average diet National Institutes of Health.

This low intake of animal fat, coupled with high consumption of fiber-rich foods, is believed to help protect against cancers, including prostate cancer. Dishes are often flavored with local spices and herbs, further enhancing their health benefits.

Despite these protective factors, Nepal’s healthcare infrastructure faces challenges, especially in remote and mountainous regions, which can contribute to underdiagnosis. Nevertheless, the traditional plant-based, low-fat diet of Nepalese communities appears to play a significant role in maintaining rare prostate cancer rates, even as modernization begins to influence dietary habits.

25. Cambodia

Cambodia maintains remarkably low rates of prostate cancer, a trend attributed to the country’s traditional dietary habits and limited consumption of processed foods. Cambodian cuisine is built around staples such as rice, freshwater fish, leafy greens, tropical fruits, and a variety of vegetables. Red meat and fatty processed foods are consumed infrequently, with local dishes favoring simple, naturally flavored ingredients National Institutes of Health.

Meals often include herbs and spices such as lemongrass, ginger, and turmeric, which not only add flavor but also deliver antioxidant and anti-inflammatory compounds. This approach to eating helps reduce overall saturated fat intake and supports better metabolic health, both of which are linked to lower cancer risk.

While Cambodia faces healthcare infrastructure challenges, particularly in rural areas, its traditional diet continues to serve as a protective factor against prostate cancer. As the country gradually modernizes, ongoing public health education is important to encourage the preservation of these beneficial dietary patterns and to improve early detection and screening for all forms of cancer.

26. Laos

Laos is distinguished by its rare incidence of prostate cancer, a pattern attributed to traditional dietary habits and limited exposure to Westernized food culture. Lao cuisine centers around sticky rice, fresh vegetables, herbs, river fish, and legumes, with meat serving mainly as a flavoring rather than the main component of meals. Dishes like larb (a minced meat salad with herbs), tam mak hoong (papaya salad), and a variety of steamed greens provide high fiber and micronutrient content National Institutes of Health.

The minimal presence of processed foods, sugary beverages, and high-fat animal products in the typical Laotian diet stands in stark contrast to Western patterns known to increase cancer risk. Instead, meals are prepared using local, seasonal, and plant-based ingredients that promote overall health.

Healthcare access and cancer screening remain limited, particularly in rural areas, raising concerns about possible underdiagnosis. Nonetheless, the protective effect of Laos’s traditional dietary lifestyle continues to help keep prostate cancer rates low, underscoring the value of plant-based eating and the benefits of minimal Western influence.

27. Myanmar

Myanmar is noted for its rare occurrence of prostate cancer, a trend that can be traced to both its culinary traditions and relatively modest industrial development. Myanmar’s diet emphasizes rice, legumes, leafy greens, and freshwater fish, with meat and processed foods forming only a small part of daily meals. Herbs and spices such as turmeric, ginger, and lemongrass are frequently used, providing antioxidant and anti-inflammatory benefits that may help lower cancer risk National Institutes of Health.

The widespread use of herbal remedies, rooted in traditional medicine, is common in both rural and urban areas. Many families rely on herbal infusions and natural treatments for maintaining health and preventing disease. This, combined with low levels of industrialization and limited exposure to processed, high-fat foods, preserves Myanmar’s protective health environment.

However, Myanmar faces challenges with healthcare infrastructure, and cancer screening programs are not yet widespread, raising the possibility of underdiagnosed cases. Even so, the nation’s traditional diet and herbal practices continue to be powerful factors in maintaining Myanmar’s exceptionally low rates of prostate cancer.

28. Mongolia

Mongolia presents a unique case in prostate cancer epidemiology, with rare instances of the disease despite a diet that differs from most other low-incidence countries. Traditional Mongolian cuisine is shaped by nomadic heritage, focusing on animal products like mutton, beef, dairy, and fermented milk, with vegetables and fruits consumed less frequently due to the harsh climate. What sets Mongolia apart, however, is the minimal intake of processed foods and artificial additives, as meals are typically prepared fresh from local ingredients National Institutes of Health.

The preservation of ancient food practices—such as air-dried meats, fresh cheeses, and hearty broths—has kept the Mongolian diet simple and largely free from the high-fat, processed foods associated with increased prostate cancer risk in more industrialized societies.

While healthcare access and cancer screening remain challenges, particularly in rural areas, the absence of Western dietary influences is believed to play an important role in Mongolia’s low prostate cancer rates. Continued adherence to traditional eating habits may help shield the population as modernization gradually makes its way into Mongolian society.

29. Yemen

Yemen is recognized for its rare incidence of prostate cancer, a trend that can be traced to its enduring traditional lifestyle and dietary customs. Yemeni cuisine centers around whole grains, legumes, fresh vegetables, and moderate amounts of lamb or chicken, while processed foods and red meats are consumed sparingly. Staple dishes such as saltah (a stew of vegetables and meat) and aseed (a dough-based dish with broth) reflect a reliance on natural, locally sourced ingredients National Institutes of Health.

Limited exposure to Western dietary patterns and fast food further helps protect Yemenis from the cancer-promoting effects seen in more industrialized and urbanized societies. Meals are often accompanied by herbs and spices, providing additional anti-inflammatory and antioxidant benefits.

Healthcare infrastructure in Yemen faces significant challenges due to ongoing conflict and economic hardship, which may contribute to underdiagnosis. Yet, the country’s traditional lifestyle and minimal Westernization remain powerful factors in maintaining its low prostate cancer rates, underscoring the protective value of time-honored eating habits.

30. Afghanistan

Afghanistan is among the countries with rare cases of prostate cancer, a phenomenon shaped by both dietary patterns and complex healthcare realities. Traditional Afghan cuisine is based on whole grains such as rice and wheat, legumes, fresh vegetables, and moderate amounts of lamb or chicken. Meals are often prepared from scratch, using locally sourced ingredients and a diverse range of herbs and spices, while processed foods and red meat remain uncommon National Institutes of Health.

This reliance on a plant-forward, minimally processed diet may help protect against prostate cancer and other chronic diseases. However, Afghanistan faces significant healthcare challenges, including limited access to routine screening, diagnostic tools, and specialized cancer care—particularly in rural and conflict-affected regions.

These barriers can result in underdiagnosis and delayed treatment, making it difficult to capture the true picture of prostate cancer incidence. Despite these challenges, Afghanistan’s traditional dietary habits continue to play a major role in maintaining low rates of prostate cancer, highlighting the protective power of wholesome, minimally processed foods in disease prevention.

31. Iran

Iran is recognized for its rare incidence of prostate cancer, a pattern closely tied to its traditional dietary landscape. Iranian cuisine emphasizes a rich variety of fruits, vegetables, nuts, and legumes, which are staples in daily meals. Dishes like sabzi khordan (fresh herb platter), ghormeh sabzi (herb stew), and various pilafs combine leafy greens, beans, and nuts, delivering abundant fiber, vitamins, and antioxidants National Institutes of Health.

Nuts such as walnuts, pistachios, and almonds are commonly consumed as snacks or meal additions, supplying healthy fats and plant-based protein that may help reduce cancer risk. Fruits, including pomegranates, dates, and citrus, are eaten in season, further boosting antioxidant intake.

While red meat is present in the Iranian diet, it is typically balanced with large portions of plant-based foods. Access to healthcare and cancer screening is variable, with rural areas experiencing more challenges. Nonetheless, Iran’s traditional dietary habits, focused on nuts, fruits, and vegetables, continue to play a central role in keeping prostate cancer rates among the lowest in the region.

32. Iraq

Iraq is among the countries with low prostate cancer rates, a trend shaped by traditional dietary patterns and the limited presence of processed foods in daily life. Iraqi cuisine is built around whole grains such as rice and wheat, as well as legumes, fresh vegetables, and seasonal fruits. Dishes like dolma (stuffed vegetables), lentil soup, and salads provide a healthy dose of fiber, vitamins, and antioxidants National Institutes of Health.

Processed foods and sugary snacks are less common in traditional Iraqi meals, and red meat is typically balanced with plant-based ingredients. Olive oil and a variety of herbs and spices are widely used, contributing both flavor and potential anti-inflammatory properties.

While the healthcare system faces ongoing challenges, particularly in rural or conflict-affected areas, the population’s lower reliance on Western dietary habits remains a protective factor. Continued adherence to traditional eating patterns and public health awareness could help Iraq maintain its low prostate cancer rates, even as modernization and urbanization gradually increase.

33. Syria

Syria is notable for its rare occurrence of prostate cancer, a trend strongly influenced by the country’s adherence to a Mediterranean-style diet. Syrian cuisine features generous portions of vegetables, legumes, whole grains, olive oil, and moderate amounts of fish and poultry. Signature dishes such as tabbouleh (parsley salad), hummus (chickpea dip), and baba ghanoush (eggplant spread) showcase the country’s emphasis on plant-based, fiber-rich foods National Institutes of Health.

Olive oil, nuts, and fresh fruits round out the daily diet, providing healthy fats and antioxidants that may help protect against various cancers, including prostate cancer. Red meat is used sparingly, often reserved for special occasions, which further reduces cancer risk.

Despite the challenges posed by ongoing conflict and healthcare infrastructure limitations, Syria’s population continues to benefit from these traditional eating habits. Preserving the Mediterranean diet’s protective qualities could help Syria maintain its low rates of prostate cancer, even as modernization and urbanization slowly influence dietary patterns in the region.

34. Jordan

Jordan maintains rare rates of prostate cancer, a trend closely linked to the nation’s time-honored dietary habits and growing emphasis on health education. Traditional Jordanian cuisine centers around whole grains, legumes, fresh vegetables, and olive oil, reflecting the broader Mediterranean diet. Popular dishes like mansaf (lamb with rice and yogurt), mujadara (lentils and rice), and fattoush (herb salad) provide a foundation of plant-based nutrition and healthy fats National Institutes of Health.

Jordanian meals generally minimize processed foods and red meats, which are associated with increased cancer risk elsewhere. Nuts and seasonal fruits are also frequently consumed, adding antioxidants and fiber to the daily diet.

In addition to dietary factors, Jordan has made strides in promoting health education and cancer awareness. Government and non-profit organizations conduct outreach programs, encouraging early detection and regular check-ups for men over 50. These combined efforts—grounded in traditional nutrition and preventive care—contribute to Jordan’s success in keeping prostate cancer relatively rare, even as lifestyle changes emerge with modernization.

35. Lebanon

Lebanon is recognized for its rare occurrence of prostate cancer, a statistic often linked to the country’s traditional, olive oil-rich diet and proactive public health measures. Lebanese cuisine is a classic example of the Mediterranean diet, emphasizing whole grains, legumes, seasonal vegetables, and generous use of olive oil. Staple dishes like tabbouleh (parsley salad), hummus, and baba ghanoush (eggplant dip) abound in fresh herbs, fiber, and healthy fats National Institutes of Health.

Olive oil is the primary fat used in food preparation, supplying antioxidants and anti-inflammatory compounds that contribute to cancer prevention. Red meat is reserved for special occasions, while nuts and fruits add further nutrients and protective phytochemicals to everyday meals.

Lebanon’s Ministry of Public Health and non-governmental organizations have launched public awareness campaigns to encourage early cancer detection and promote healthy lifestyle choices. These efforts, combined with the country’s plant-based culinary traditions, help maintain Lebanon’s low rates of prostate cancer, even as dietary habits begin to shift with urbanization and modernization.

36. Palestine

Palestine’s rare rates of prostate cancer are closely tied to the region’s traditional eating patterns and evolving community health initiatives. Palestinian cuisine is rooted in a Mediterranean dietary foundation, with meals built around whole grains, legumes, fresh vegetables, olive oil, and modest portions of poultry or lamb. Dishes like musakhan (sumac chicken with onions and bread), maqluba (layered rice and vegetables), and tabbouleh (herb salad) provide a wealth of fiber, antioxidants, and healthy fats National Institutes of Health.

Processed foods and red meats are consumed sparingly, with nuts and seasonal fruits adding further nutritional value to daily meals. This plant-forward approach is widely recognized for its protective benefits against various chronic diseases, including prostate cancer.

In recent years, community health efforts have gained momentum in Palestine. Local organizations and international partners are working to improve cancer awareness, screening access, and early detection to ensure better outcomes for men’s health. By combining traditional nutrition with public health advocacy, Palestine continues to maintain lower prostate cancer rates amidst broader regional changes.

37. Sudan

Sudan exhibits rare rates of prostate cancer, a trend largely linked to the country’s plant-heavy diets and minimal reliance on processed foods. Staple Sudanese meals are built around whole grains such as sorghum and millet, along with legumes, okra, leafy greens, and local vegetables. Meat is typically consumed in small quantities, with red meat and processed foods making up only a minor part of the daily diet National Institutes of Health.

This dietary pattern provides abundant fiber, vitamins, and antioxidants, all of which have been associated with a lower risk of several types of cancer, including prostate cancer. Traditional food preparation also generally avoids artificial additives and high-fat ingredients, further supporting a protective nutritional environment.

While healthcare access and routine cancer screening remain limited in many rural areas, ongoing public health advocacy seeks to improve awareness and early detection. The preservation of plant-based culinary customs remains crucial as Sudan continues to modernize, helping keep prostate cancer rates low and supporting broader public health goals.

38. Uganda

Uganda is among the African nations with rare occurrences of prostate cancer, a trend that can be traced to both dietary and genetic factors. Ugandan cuisine is predominantly plant-based, with staples such as matoke (steamed green bananas), sweet potatoes, cassava, beans, and leafy greens forming the foundation of most meals. Meat is consumed less frequently and in smaller portions, while processed foods are not yet a significant part of the diet National Institutes of Health.

This high-fiber, low-fat diet is associated with reduced cancer risk, and local dishes often incorporate antioxidant-rich vegetables and fruits. Additionally, some studies suggest genetic factors may play a role in the lower prevalence of prostate cancer among certain Ugandan populations, though research is ongoing.

As urbanization and dietary changes slowly take root, maintaining traditional eating patterns and increasing cancer awareness will be vital. Continued public health efforts, combined with the existing plant-forward diet and possible genetic protections, help explain Uganda’s notably low rates of prostate cancer in comparison to many other regions.

39. Tanzania

Tanzania is notable for its low rates of prostate cancer, a pattern shaped by both lifestyle and traditional diet. Staple Tanzanian foods include maize, beans, cassava, millet, bananas, and a variety of local vegetables, with meals typically low in saturated fats and high in fiber. Meat is eaten infrequently and in small portions, while processed foods remain relatively uncommon outside of major urban centers National Institutes of Health.

Physical activity remains a regular part of daily life for many Tanzanians, especially in rural communities where farming and walking long distances are routine. This active lifestyle, combined with a largely plant-based diet, contributes to reduced cancer risk and overall better health outcomes.

As Tanzania’s economy grows and urbanization increases, dietary habits are slowly changing, with more processed foods entering the market. Public health initiatives aimed at preserving traditional eating patterns and raising cancer awareness will be key to maintaining Tanzania’s low prostate cancer rates amid these shifts.

40. Mozambique

Mozambique stands out for its rare incidence of prostate cancer, a trend influenced by both dietary patterns and traditional health practices. Situated along the Indian Ocean, Mozambique’s cuisine heavily features seafood such as fish, prawns, and shellfish, which provide omega-3 fatty acids and lean protein. Staple foods also include cassava, maize, beans, leafy greens, and tropical fruits, creating a balanced and nutrient-rich diet National Institutes of Health.

Traditional health practices, often rooted in indigenous knowledge, remain an important part of Mozambican life. Herbal remedies and preventative care passed down through generations may contribute to overall lower cancer rates, including those of the prostate.

Although Mozambique faces challenges in healthcare access and routine screening, especially in rural areas, the country’s reliance on fresh, minimally processed foods and traditional health wisdom continues to offer protection. Preserving these dietary and cultural practices will be crucial as Mozambique undergoes economic development and increasing exposure to Westernized food and lifestyle patterns.

41. Madagascar

Madagascar is notable for its rare cases of prostate cancer, a phenomenon closely linked to the island’s predominantly plant-based diet. The Malagasy cuisine centers around rice, the daily staple, accompanied by a variety of locally grown vegetables, beans, legumes, and occasional fresh seafood or poultry. Red meat and processed foods are consumed infrequently, keeping saturated fat intake low and fiber consumption high National Institutes of Health.

These dietary habits provide a wealth of antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals, all of which are associated with a reduced risk of several chronic diseases, including prostate cancer. Traditional food preparation avoids artificial additives, and meals are often flavored with natural herbs and spices.

Healthcare access and routine screening remain limited in many rural parts of Madagascar, which may contribute to underdiagnosis. Nonetheless, the island’s reliance on plant-heavy meals and minimal processed food exposure continues to support its low prostate cancer rates. Maintaining these traditional eating patterns will be key as urbanization and modernization gradually influence Malagasy society.

42. Malawi

Malawi is among the countries with rare cases of prostate cancer, a trend attributed to both dietary and public health factors. The Malawian diet revolves around maize, with nsima (maize porridge) serving as the staple food, accompanied by beans, leafy greens, groundnuts, and occasional fish. Red meat and processed foods are only rarely consumed, keeping fat intake low and fiber high National Institutes of Health.

This plant-heavy, minimally processed diet supports good metabolic health and may help protect against cancers, including prostate cancer. Community health awareness programs in Malawi, often run by local organizations and international partners, have contributed to greater knowledge about disease prevention, early symptoms, and the importance of routine check-ups.

While healthcare access and cancer screening services remain limited, particularly in rural areas, the combination of traditional dietary habits and growing health literacy continues to help keep prostate cancer rates low. As Malawi’s economy and urban centers develop, it will be important to preserve these healthy practices and further expand public health initiatives.

43. Zambia

Zambia is notable for its low rates of prostate cancer, a trend influenced by traditional eating patterns and the structure of its healthcare system. The Zambian diet is largely plant-based, centering on nshima (maize porridge), beans, groundnuts, sweet potatoes, and a range of dark leafy greens. Meat and processed foods are consumed infrequently, especially in rural communities, helping to maintain low intake of saturated fats and high levels of dietary fiber National Institutes of Health.

Healthcare in Zambia is predominantly delivered through rural health centers and community outreach programs, which often emphasize preventative care and basic health education. These initiatives encourage healthy lifestyle practices and disease awareness, although advanced cancer screening and treatment options remain limited outside of major cities.

The combination of a plant-forward diet and grassroots health education supports Zambia’s low prostate cancer rates. As the country continues to urbanize and dietary habits shift, integrating traditional nutrition with improved healthcare infrastructure will be essential to preserving these positive trends.

44. Zimbabwe

Zimbabwe is recognized for its lower rates of prostate cancer in comparison to many other countries, a pattern influenced by both lifestyle and potential genetic factors. The typical Zimbabwean diet is centered around maize-based dishes such as sadza, alongside vegetables, beans, groundnuts, and seasonal fruits. Red meat and processed foods are not daily staples, resulting in lower consumption of saturated fats and higher fiber intake National Institutes of Health.

Active rural lifestyles, with regular walking and physical labor, further reduce risk factors linked to cancer and chronic disease. Additionally, ongoing research suggests that certain genetic traits among Zimbabwean populations may confer some protection against prostate cancer, though more study is needed in this area.

While healthcare access and cancer screening remain limited, particularly outside urban centers, public health campaigns are making strides in raising awareness and promoting early detection. Maintaining traditional diets and encouraging regular health check-ups will be vital as Zimbabwe faces the dual challenges of modernization and a changing food environment.

45. Botswana

Botswana is among the African nations with rare cases of prostate cancer, a trend shaped by a mix of traditional diet and proactive public health efforts. Botswana’s cuisine features plant-based staples such as sorghum, maize, beans, pumpkins, and leafy greens, with meat and processed foods consumed more occasionally. This dietary approach, high in fiber and low in saturated fats, supports metabolic health and may lower the risk of cancer National Institutes of Health.

The government and local organizations have taken steps to raise awareness about men’s health, launching campaigns that encourage regular medical check-ups and early cancer detection. Community health workers play an important role in educating the public, especially in rural areas where access to healthcare facilities may be limited.

Botswana’s combination of a plant-forward diet and ongoing public health initiatives helps maintain its low prostate cancer rates. As the nation develops and lifestyles evolve, continued investment in health education and the preservation of traditional eating patterns will be crucial for long-term cancer prevention.

46. Namibia

Namibia is distinguished by its rare incidence of prostate cancer, a trend that closely aligns with the country’s enduring traditional dietary habits. Namibian cuisine is largely centered on whole grains such as millet and maize, legumes, beans, and a variety of native vegetables. Red meat and processed foods are consumed infrequently in many rural communities, keeping overall saturated fat intake low and fiber intake high National Institutes of Health.

Meals are often prepared from scratch with fresh, local ingredients, free from artificial additives commonly found in Western-style processed foods. This approach helps provide antioxidants and vital nutrients, supporting general health and reducing the risk of chronic diseases, including prostate cancer.

Access to healthcare and cancer screening remains a challenge in remote areas, raising concerns about possible underdiagnosis. However, Namibia’s reliance on traditional diets and natural ingredients continues to offer a protective effect. As modernization advances, preserving these dietary practices will be essential for maintaining Namibia’s low rates of prostate cancer.

47. Angola

Angola features low rates of prostate cancer, a trend that can be traced to the country’s dietary customs and relatively low consumption of processed foods. Angolan cuisine is based on staples such as maize, cassava, beans, sweet potatoes, and leafy greens. Seafood and fish are commonly enjoyed along the coast, while red meat is eaten less frequently and often in moderate quantities National Institutes of Health.

The predominance of plant-based, fiber-rich foods in the Angolan diet is believed to provide protection against various chronic diseases, including prostate cancer. Meals are typically home-cooked with fresh, local ingredients, and the influence of highly processed foods has remained limited in many regions.

While Angola’s healthcare system faces obstacles in terms of accessibility and cancer screening, especially in rural communities, its traditional eating patterns continue to support low levels of prostate cancer. Ongoing public health education and the preservation of these dietary habits will be important as Angola’s society becomes more urbanized and exposed to Western dietary influences.

48. Senegal

Senegal is recognized for its rare occurrence of prostate cancer, a pattern strongly influenced by the country’s traditional, fish-based diet. Senegalese cuisine features an abundance of fresh fish, rice, millet, beans, and local vegetables. Fish is a staple protein source, especially in coastal regions, providing omega-3 fatty acids that may help lower the risk of prostate and other cancers National Institutes of Health.

Meals are typically low in red meat and saturated fat, with processed foods only slowly becoming more common in urban centers. Signature dishes such as thieboudienne (fish and rice with vegetables) exemplify the nutrient-rich, balanced approach to eating that characterizes Senegalese food culture.

While access to advanced healthcare and cancer screening can be limited, especially in rural areas, the protective qualities of Senegal’s traditional diet continue to play a key role in keeping prostate cancer rates low. As modernization brings dietary shifts, public health campaigns and nutrition education will be vital to preserve these beneficial eating patterns for future generations.

49. Burkina Faso

Burkina Faso is among the countries with rare cases of prostate cancer, a trend closely linked to the population’s fiber-rich, traditional diet. Staple foods include millet, sorghum, maize, beans, and leafy green vegetables, all of which provide high levels of dietary fiber, vitamins, and minerals. Meat is typically reserved for special occasions, and processed foods are still not widespread in rural areas National Institutes of Health.

Diets high in plant-based foods and low in saturated fats have long been associated with reduced risk of prostate and other cancers. Traditional dishes are usually prepared with fresh, local ingredients, avoiding the artificial additives and preservatives common in Westernized diets.

While Burkina Faso faces challenges in healthcare access and cancer screening, especially outside of urban centers, its dietary customs continue to offer significant protection. Maintaining these whole-food, plant-forward traditions will be vital as economic growth and urbanization bring new dietary choices and potential health risks.

50. Chad

Chad stands out for its rare incidence of prostate cancer, a trend closely tied to its traditional dietary practices and rural lifestyle. Chadian cuisine is primarily based on whole grains such as millet and sorghum, complemented by beans, okra, leafy greens, and seasonal vegetables. Animal protein, mostly from fish and occasionally poultry, is consumed in modest amounts, while red meat and processed foods are generally uncommon outside of urban centers National Institutes of Health.

Diets rich in plant-based foods and low in saturated fats are widely recognized for their protective role against several cancers, including prostate cancer. Meals in Chad are typically prepared fresh, using ingredients sourced locally and avoiding the preservatives and artificial additives found in Western diets.

Limited access to healthcare and cancer screening poses challenges for early detection, yet the country’s reliance on traditional eating habits continues to support low prostate cancer rates. As Chad’s society evolves with economic growth and urbanization, maintaining these protective dietary customs will be essential for safeguarding men’s health in the years to come.

Conclusion

Understanding why prostate cancer remains rare in certain countries offers valuable lessons for global health. Traditional plant-based diets, minimal processed food intake, regular physical activity, and community health initiatives all appear to play protective roles. However, underdiagnosis and limited screening in some regions remind us to interpret these statistics with care. As modernization and dietary shifts increase risk, individuals everywhere should remain vigilant about prostate health. Adopting healthy lifestyle habits and considering proactive screening—especially for those with family history or other risk factors—can make a lasting difference American Cancer Society.

By learning from countries where prostate cancer is still rare, we can empower ourselves and our communities to reduce risk, improve early detection, and foster long-term well-being.