Foods Nephrologists Avoid for Kidney Health

1. Processed Meats

Processed meats such as bacon, sausages, hot dogs, deli meats, and ham are staples in many diets, but nephrologists consistently recommend avoiding them for kidney health. These foods are typically loaded with sodium and preservatives like nitrates and phosphates, which can significantly increase the burden on the kidneys. High sodium intake is directly linked to elevated blood pressure, a leading contributor to kidney disease progression, as highlighted by the National Kidney Foundation. Moreover, added preservatives can further stress already compromised kidneys.

To reduce risk, it’s important to carefully read nutrition labels for sodium content and hidden additives. Processed meats often contain more than half the daily recommended sodium in a single serving. Nephrologists suggest choosing fresh, unprocessed alternatives such as skinless chicken breast, turkey, or plant-based protein sources. These options are naturally lower in sodium and free from harmful preservatives. When shopping, look for products labeled “no added salt” or “unsalted,” and consider preparing meats at home using fresh herbs and spices to enhance flavor without extra sodium. Making these small changes can have a significant impact on protecting your kidney health in the long term.

2. Canned Soups

Canned soups are a convenient pantry staple, but nephrologists caution against them due to their extremely high sodium content. A single serving can contain up to 900 mg of sodium or more, with some cans containing multiple servings, quickly exceeding the recommended daily intake. Excessive sodium intake can disrupt the delicate fluid and electrolyte balance managed by the kidneys, leading to increased blood pressure and further straining kidney filtration. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, processed foods like canned soups are among the top sources of hidden dietary sodium.

Comparing homemade to store-bought soups reveals a stark contrast. Homemade soups allow you to control ingredients, minimize added salt, and incorporate nutrient-dense vegetables and lean proteins. In contrast, store-bought versions often rely on salt and preservatives for flavor and shelf stability. To make healthier choices, nephrologists suggest looking for products labeled as “low-sodium” or “no added salt,” and always checking nutrition facts for serving size and sodium content. Diluting canned soup with water or unsalted broth, and adding fresh herbs or spices, can also help reduce overall sodium intake. Prioritizing homemade options can significantly support kidney health and overall well-being.

3. Pickles and Pickled Foods

Pickles and other pickled foods, such as olives and sauerkraut, are flavorful additions to many meals, but nephrologists often steer clear of them due to their exceptionally high sodium content. The pickling process relies on brining foods in a salt-heavy solution, which can cause a dramatic spike in sodium levels. For instance, a single medium-sized pickled cucumber can contain over 800 mg of sodium—more than a third of the recommended daily limit, according to data from the U.S. Department of Agriculture FoodData Central.

For individuals concerned about kidney health, excess sodium can lead to water retention and increased blood pressure, both of which put additional strain on the kidneys. Nephrologists recommend being mindful of serving sizes and considering pickled foods as occasional treats rather than everyday staples. If you do enjoy pickled items, rinsing them under cold water before eating can help remove some of the surface salt, reducing sodium intake. Alternatively, look for low-sodium or homemade versions that use less salt in the brine. These strategies can help minimize the impact of pickled foods on your kidneys while still allowing for the flavors you love.

4. Frozen Meals

Frozen meals, often marketed as convenient solutions for busy lifestyles, are another food category that nephrologists are wary of when it comes to kidney health. Many frozen dinners are loaded with sodium and preservatives to enhance flavor and prolong shelf life. According to the American Heart Association, some frozen meals can contain more than 1,200 mg of sodium per serving, which is over half the recommended daily limit for most adults. In addition to sodium, these meals may include phosphate additives and artificial flavors that can be particularly taxing on compromised kidneys.

When compared to freshly cooked meals, the difference is clear—homemade dishes allow full control over ingredients, enabling you to limit salt and eliminate unnecessary preservatives. Nephrologists advise always checking the nutrition facts label on frozen meals, paying special attention to serving sizes and the sodium and phosphorus content. Choosing options labeled as “low sodium” or “reduced sodium” can help, but preparing meals from scratch remains the gold standard for kidney-friendly eating. By prioritizing fresh ingredients and homemade meals, you can better support your kidney function and overall health while still enjoying convenient, delicious food.

5. Dark-Colored Sodas

Dark-colored sodas, such as cola and root beer, pose a hidden risk to kidney health due to their high content of phosphate additives. These additives are used to enhance flavor and extend shelf life, but they are readily absorbed by the body—far more than the naturally occurring phosphorus found in foods. Excess phosphorus can build up in the bloodstream, leading to weakened bones and increased risk of cardiovascular complications for those with reduced kidney function, as highlighted by the National Kidney Foundation.

In contrast, clear sodas like lemon-lime or ginger ale typically do not contain these phosphate additives, making them a slightly better choice if a soda is desired. However, both dark and clear sodas often contain high levels of sugar and offer little nutritional value, further prompting nephrologists to recommend limiting or avoiding these beverages altogether. For optimal kidney health, water, herbal teas, or naturally flavored seltzers are preferred alternatives. Always check ingredient lists for terms like “phosphoric acid” or “phosphate” to identify hidden sources of phosphorus in soft drinks. Making conscious beverage choices is an important step in protecting your kidney health for the long term.

6. Potato Chips

Potato chips are a popular snack choice, but nephrologists often recommend avoiding them due to their high sodium and potassium content. A standard serving of potato chips can deliver over 150 mg of sodium and, depending on the type, a significant amount of potassium—both of which can place extra strain on the kidneys, particularly for those with chronic kidney disease. The National Kidney Foundation warns that excessive potassium intake can be dangerous for individuals whose kidneys are unable to effectively filter this mineral, potentially leading to heart-related complications.

When compared to other snacks, traditional potato chips are often higher in both sodium and unhealthy fats. Baked snacks, while sometimes lower in fat and calories, may still contain substantial amounts of salt, so it’s important to review nutrition labels carefully. To make healthier choices, nephrologists suggest selecting unsalted or lightly salted options, or exploring veggie-based chips made from carrots, beets, or kale, which may be lower in potassium and sodium. Homemade snacks using fresh vegetables and herbs can be both satisfying and kidney-friendly. Being mindful about snack choices can help maintain balanced mineral levels and support kidney health.

7. Instant Noodles

Instant noodles are a quick and inexpensive meal option, but nephrologists often caution against them due to their extremely high sodium content and the presence of additives like monosodium glutamate (MSG). A single serving of instant noodles can contain up to 1,500 mg of sodium—well over half the recommended daily intake—which can significantly increase blood pressure and put undue stress on the kidneys, as noted by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Additionally, MSG and other flavor enhancers may trigger sensitivities in some individuals and offer no nutritional value.

In contrast, homemade noodle soups give you control over the sodium and ingredients, allowing for a healthier, kidney-friendly meal. Nephrologists recommend using only half of the provided seasoning packet if you do opt for instant noodles, or better yet, flavoring the broth with fresh herbs, garlic, or a splash of low-sodium soy sauce. Adding fresh or frozen vegetables can boost the nutritional content and help dilute the saltiness of the soup. By making these adjustments or preparing homemade soups from scratch, you can enjoy the comfort of noodle dishes while making choices that support kidney health.

8. Canned Fish in Brine

Canned fish such as tuna, salmon, or sardines packed in brine are common sources of protein, but nephrologists often urge caution due to their high sodium content. Brine, essentially a salty solution, is used to preserve the fish and enhance its flavor, but this also means a single can may contain up to 400-600 mg of sodium per serving, as reported by the U.S. Department of Agriculture FoodData Central. Consistently consuming high-sodium foods can lead to fluid retention and raised blood pressure, increasing the strain on your kidneys over time.

In comparison, canned fish packed in water or oil generally contains less sodium, making them a healthier alternative for those concerned about kidney health. If brined fish is the only option available, nephrologists recommend draining the liquid and rinsing the fish under cold running water before eating to remove as much excess salt as possible. Always check the nutrition label for sodium content, and choose products labeled “no salt added” when possible. By making these adjustments, you can still enjoy the benefits of canned fish while reducing the risk to your kidney health.

9. Deli Meats

Deli meats, including popular options like ham, turkey slices, roast beef, and salami, are commonly chosen for their convenience, but nephrologists frequently advise limiting these foods due to their high salt and preservative content. A single serving of deli ham or turkey can contain upwards of 500-700 mg of sodium, often with added nitrates and phosphates as preservatives. According to the National Kidney Foundation, these additives and excess salt can elevate blood pressure and contribute to kidney strain, particularly in individuals with already reduced kidney function.

Ham and turkey slices are often perceived as leaner options, but even these can be significant sources of sodium and hidden phosphates. To reduce risk, nephrologists recommend limiting the frequency and portion size of deli meats in your diet. When you do include them, opt for lower-sodium varieties or ask for freshly sliced meats without added preservatives at the deli counter. Complement your sandwich with plenty of fresh vegetables and consider using alternative protein sources, such as grilled chicken breast or plant-based options. Being mindful of these choices can help protect your kidneys and support long-term health.

10. Restaurant Fried Foods

Restaurant fried foods, such as French fries, fried chicken, and onion rings, are notorious for containing high levels of sodium and unhealthy trans fats. The deep-frying process not only saturates these foods with oil but also often involves batter coatings high in salt and preservatives. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, meals eaten away from home are a major contributor to excessive sodium intake, which can raise blood pressure and place significant strain on the kidneys.

Trans fats, commonly found in commercially fried foods, are known to increase inflammation and the risk of cardiovascular disease, compounding the danger for those with compromised kidney function. In contrast, oven-baking fries or chicken at home allows you to control the amount and type of oil, as well as the salt content. Nephrologists recommend enjoying fried foods only occasionally and in moderation. When dining out, consider sharing fried dishes or opting for grilled or baked alternatives from the menu. Preparing homemade versions with heart-healthy oils and minimal salt can satisfy cravings while reducing kidney risk, making it a smarter long-term dietary choice.

11. Salted Nuts

Salted nuts, while a convenient and protein-rich snack, are a concern for nephrologists due to their elevated sodium content. A single handful of salted peanuts or almonds can contain up to 200 mg of sodium or more, depending on the brand and preparation. This sodium load can quickly add up, especially for those who snack mindlessly or consume nuts throughout the day. According to the National Kidney Foundation, excessive sodium intake is a key factor in increasing blood pressure and fluid retention, which can further burden the kidneys.

In comparison, unsalted or lightly salted nuts provide the same healthful fats, fiber, and protein without the added sodium risk. Nephrologists recommend choosing raw or dry-roasted unsalted varieties to enjoy the benefits of nuts while supporting kidney health. Additionally, portion control is essential, as nuts are calorie-dense and, in larger amounts, may also contribute to potassium intake—another consideration for those with advanced kidney disease. Measuring single servings and combining nuts with fresh fruits or vegetables can create a balanced snack. By making these swaps, you can enjoy nuts’ nutritional perks without compromising your kidney health.

12. Cheese Spreads

Processed cheese spreads are a popular addition to crackers and sandwiches, but nephrologists often recommend limiting or avoiding them due to their high sodium and phosphate additive content. Many cheese spreads contain over 400 mg of sodium per two-tablespoon serving and significant amounts of added phosphates, which are used to create a smooth texture and prolong shelf life. According to the National Kidney Foundation, phosphate additives in processed foods are absorbed more efficiently by the body than natural phosphates, increasing the risk of mineral imbalances and bone complications in those with kidney disease.

Unprocessed, natural cheeses, such as fresh mozzarella or ricotta, typically contain fewer additives and lower sodium levels, though moderation is still advised. When craving cheese, nephrologists suggest choosing small portions of natural cheese and skipping spreads altogether. Reading ingredient lists and nutrition labels can help you identify high-sodium and phosphate-containing products. Limiting the use of cheese spreads, opting for lower-sodium alternatives, or using thin slices of natural cheese as a substitute can make a significant difference in supporting kidney health without sacrificing enjoyment of your favorite flavors.

13. Pretzels

Pretzels are a common snack found in many households and vending machines, but nephrologists often caution against them because of their high sodium content. A single serving of pretzels—about one ounce—can contain upwards of 400 mg of sodium, contributing significantly to the daily recommended limit. Excessive sodium intake can lead to increased blood pressure and fluid retention, placing added stress on the kidneys, as outlined by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Flavored or cheese-filled varieties may contain even more salt and other additives.

In contrast, unsalted baked snacks or those labeled “low sodium” are better choices for those aiming to support kidney health. Air-popped popcorn is another nephrologist-approved alternative; when prepared without added salt or butter, it provides a satisfying crunch with minimal sodium. For added flavor, consider sprinkling popcorn with herbs, spices, or a dash of nutritional yeast. Being mindful of serving size and choosing snacks with less sodium can go a long way in protecting kidney function. Making the switch from traditional pretzels to lower-sodium options or air-popped snacks is a simple yet effective way to reduce kidney risk.

14. Canned Vegetables

Canned vegetables are a convenient option for adding nutrition to meals, but nephrologists often caution against them due to their high sodium content. Manufacturers typically add salt during the canning process to preserve flavor and extend shelf life, resulting in some canned vegetables containing over 300 mg of sodium per half-cup serving. This added sodium can significantly contribute to overall intake and pose additional risks for those with compromised kidney function. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention identifies canned foods as a major source of hidden dietary sodium.

Fresh or frozen vegetables, on the other hand, are naturally low in sodium and offer the same nutritional benefits without the risk of excess salt. When canned options are necessary, nephrologists recommend looking for “no salt added” or “low sodium” labels. Rinsing canned vegetables under cold water before eating or cooking them can also help remove a significant portion of the added sodium. By prioritizing fresh, frozen, or properly prepared canned vegetables, you can enjoy the convenience of these foods while minimizing the burden on your kidneys and supporting overall health.

15. Salted Crackers

Salted crackers are a go-to snack for many, but nephrologists frequently recommend limiting them due to their high sodium content. A standard serving of salted crackers can contain 200-300 mg of sodium or more, with flavored varieties often containing even higher amounts. Regular consumption of these snacks can easily contribute to exceeding the recommended daily sodium intake, which can elevate blood pressure and increase the burden on kidney function. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention lists crackers and similar processed snacks among the top sources of hidden sodium in the American diet.

Whole grain, unsalted crackers offer a healthier alternative, providing fiber and complex carbohydrates with little or no added salt. These options can support digestive and cardiovascular health while helping to keep sodium intake in check. Nephrologists encourage careful label reading to identify lower-sodium products and to pay attention to serving sizes, as it is easy to consume more than intended. Pairing unsalted crackers with fresh vegetables or low-sodium spreads can create a balanced and satisfying snack. By making these simple swaps, you can help protect your kidney health while still enjoying tasty and convenient foods.

16. Energy Drinks

Energy drinks have surged in popularity, especially among younger adults, but nephrologists frequently advise against them for those concerned about kidney health. These beverages typically contain very high levels of caffeine, along with artificial sweeteners, herbal stimulants, and other additives that can stress the kidneys. Excessive caffeine intake has been linked to increased blood pressure and dehydration, both of which are risk factors for kidney damage. According to the National Kidney Foundation, energy drinks can also contain high levels of sugar and sodium, compounding their potential harm.

In comparison, moderate consumption of coffee or tea provides a more natural source of caffeine without the additional stimulants and preservatives found in energy drinks. Herbal teas, in particular, are caffeine-free and can support hydration. Nephrologists recommend limiting or avoiding energy drinks altogether, especially for those with high blood pressure or existing kidney conditions. Staying hydrated with water or unsweetened beverages is the safest option for kidney protection. If you need an energy boost, opt for a small cup of coffee or tea and avoid excessive caffeine and artificial additives to safeguard your long-term kidney function.

17. Packaged Baked Goods

Packaged baked goods such as muffins, pastries, cookies, and cakes are popular for their convenience and long shelf life, but nephrologists caution against their frequent consumption. These items often contain high levels of sugar, sodium, and preservatives, all of which can negatively impact kidney health. Many packaged pastries are made with trans fats and artificial additives to enhance flavor and texture, and a single serving can contain hundreds of milligrams of sodium and several teaspoons of added sugar. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, baked goods are a significant source of hidden sodium and sugar in the typical diet.

Homemade baked goods, on the other hand, allow for greater control over ingredients, enabling you to reduce added salt and sugar or avoid preservatives altogether. Nephrologists recommend reading ingredient lists and nutrition labels carefully when purchasing packaged treats, looking out for sodium, added sugars, and artificial additives. Choosing to bake at home with whole grain flours, natural sweeteners, and minimal salt can make a notable difference in supporting kidney health. By being mindful of your choices, you can enjoy sweet treats in moderation without putting unnecessary strain on your kidneys.

18. Condensed Soups

Condensed soups are a convenient and quick meal option, but nephrologists often advise against them due to their extremely high sodium concentration. These soups are designed to be diluted with water or milk, yet even after preparation, they often contain well over 800 mg of sodium per serving. Consuming such concentrated sodium can elevate blood pressure and increase fluid retention, both of which place additional strain on the kidneys. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention highlights condensed soups as one of the top sources of dietary sodium in the typical American diet.

Compared to condensed soups, broth-based soups—especially those made at home—offer more control over sodium content and quality of ingredients. By using low-sodium broths and plenty of fresh vegetables, you can create a flavorful and kidney-friendly alternative. When purchasing any soup, nephrologists stress the importance of carefully checking serving sizes and total sodium per serving, as it is easy to consume more than intended. Opting for “low sodium” or “no salt added” versions and diluting canned soups with extra water or vegetables can also help minimize sodium intake and support kidney health.

19. Table Salt

Table salt is a common ingredient in kitchens worldwide, but nephrologists strongly advise minimizing its use to protect kidney function. Consuming too much added salt can lead to hypertension and fluid retention, both of which increase the workload on the kidneys and accelerate the progression of kidney disease. Diets high in salt—often found in processed foods, restaurant meals, and home-cooked dishes where salt is liberally added—can quickly push sodium intake well above the recommended daily limits. The National Kidney Foundation emphasizes that most people consume far more salt than necessary, putting themselves at risk for kidney damage and cardiovascular issues.

Instead of reaching for the salt shaker, nephrologists recommend seasoning foods with fresh or dried herbs, spices, citrus juice, or vinegar to enhance flavor without adding sodium. Examples include using garlic, basil, rosemary, or lemon zest in place of salt. Gradually reducing added salt can help retrain your taste buds and make lower-sodium meals more enjoyable. By adopting these flavorful alternatives, you can support your kidney health while still enjoying delicious, satisfying meals without the risks associated with excessive salt intake.

20. Pickled Meats

Pickled meats, such as corned beef, pastrami, and certain types of sausages, are preserved using large amounts of salt and other curing agents. The pickling process relies on salt to inhibit bacterial growth and enhance flavor, resulting in products that can contain well over 1,000 mg of sodium per serving. For example, a typical serving of corned beef can deliver more than half of the recommended daily sodium intake in just a few slices, as documented by the U.S. Department of Agriculture FoodData Central. Such high sodium levels can quickly lead to fluid retention and increased blood pressure, placing significant strain on the kidneys.

Nephrologists advise those concerned about kidney health to limit or avoid pickled meats and opt for fresh, unprocessed protein sources whenever possible. While these savory meats are enjoyed in many traditional dishes, making them an occasional treat rather than a staple can help protect kidney function. When buying meats, choose fresh cuts and prepare them at home with herbs and spices instead of salt-based brines. This approach not only reduces sodium intake but also allows for greater control over the flavors and nutritional quality of your meals.

21. Soy Sauce

Soy sauce is a staple condiment in many cuisines, especially in Asian cooking, but nephrologists frequently caution against its liberal use due to its extremely high sodium content. Just one tablespoon of regular soy sauce can contain up to 1,000 mg of sodium, nearly half the recommended daily limit for most adults. Excessive sodium intake can contribute to hypertension and fluid retention, both of which place added stress on the kidneys and can accelerate the progression of kidney disease. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention lists soy sauce among the saltiest condiments commonly used in home kitchens and restaurants.

Low-sodium soy sauce alternatives are available and typically contain about 40% less sodium than the regular version, making them a better option for those looking to protect their kidney health. However, even these should be used sparingly and with mindfulness. Nephrologists recommend flavoring dishes with fresh ginger, garlic, citrus juice, or vinegar to add depth without overwhelming the kidneys with salt. If soy sauce is desired, try using just a few drops or diluting it with water in recipes. Such mindful choices can help you enjoy the flavors you love while minimizing kidney risk.

22. Sports Drinks

Sports drinks are marketed as hydrating beverages designed to replenish electrolytes lost during intense exercise, but nephrologists often warn against their routine use for kidney health. These drinks typically contain significant amounts of added sodium and potassium, with some brands providing up to 270 mg of sodium and 70 mg of potassium per serving. While these electrolytes are important for athletes engaged in prolonged, vigorous activity, excessive intake can be harmful—especially for individuals with reduced kidney function. The National Kidney Foundation cautions that consuming sports drinks without medical necessity can lead to dangerous imbalances in sodium and potassium levels, increasing the risk of heart and kidney complications.

For most people, plain water is the best option for hydration and supports kidney health without unnecessary additives. Nephrologists recommend reserving sports drinks for situations involving heavy sweating and prolonged exercise, and even then, only under medical advice. Reading labels for sodium and potassium content and limiting portion size are also important steps. In daily life, water, herbal teas, or naturally flavored seltzer can provide effective hydration and help maintain electrolyte balance, reducing the burden on your kidneys.

23. Cured Fish

Cured fish, such as lox, gravlax, and salted cod, are preserved through a process that relies heavily on salt, resulting in very high sodium levels. For example, a two-ounce serving of lox can contain more than 500 mg of sodium, as reported by the U.S. Department of Agriculture FoodData Central. This high sodium content can contribute to elevated blood pressure and fluid retention, both of which place additional strain on the kidneys and can exacerbate existing kidney problems.

In comparison, fresh fish such as salmon, tilapia, or trout provide high-quality protein and essential nutrients with much lower sodium levels, making them a better choice for those concerned about kidney health. Nephrologists recommend enjoying cured fish only in moderation and as an occasional treat rather than a regular part of the diet. When selecting seafood, opt for fresh or frozen fillets and prepare them with herbs, lemon, or spices instead of salt-based cures. This approach not only reduces sodium intake but also supports the kidneys’ ability to maintain fluid and electrolyte balance, promoting overall wellness.

24. Fast Food Burgers

Fast food burgers are a popular and convenient choice, but nephrologists frequently recommend limiting their consumption due to their high salt, phosphate additives, and unhealthy fat content. A typical fast food burger can contain over 1,000 mg of sodium, as well as phosphates added to enhance flavor and preserve freshness. These additives are absorbed more readily by the body compared to natural sources, increasing the risk of mineral imbalances and kidney strain. According to the National Kidney Foundation, high phosphorus intake is particularly concerning for those with kidney disease.

In addition to sodium and phosphates, fast food burgers often contain saturated and trans fats, which can contribute to cardiovascular disease—a risk already elevated in people with kidney issues. By contrast, homemade burgers allow for greater control over the type and amount of meat, seasonings, and toppings used. Choosing lean ground meat, whole grain buns, and fresh vegetables can substantially reduce salt, fat, and additive intake. Nephrologists recommend reserving fast food burgers for occasional indulgences and prioritizing homemade alternatives to better support kidney health while still enjoying satisfying meals.

25. Bottled Salad Dressings

Bottled salad dressings, while convenient and flavorful, are often loaded with sodium and preservatives that can negatively impact kidney health. Many commercial dressings contain upwards of 300 mg of sodium per two-tablespoon serving, along with additives such as phosphates, artificial colors, and stabilizers to enhance taste, texture, and shelf life. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, salad dressings are among the common sources of hidden dietary sodium in prepared foods, contributing to elevated blood pressure and increased kidney strain over time.

Homemade vinaigrettes provide a healthier alternative, allowing you to control both the quality and quantity of ingredients. Simple combinations of olive oil, vinegar or lemon juice, fresh herbs, and spices can deliver flavor without the excess salt and preservatives. Nephrologists recommend always checking nutrition labels when purchasing bottled dressings, watching for sodium content, serving size, and the presence of phosphate additives. Opting for low-sodium or “no salt added” varieties can help, but homemade dressings remain the gold standard for kidney-friendly eating. Making this switch is a small yet impactful way to reduce sodium intake and protect your kidneys while still enjoying delicious salads.

26. Canned Pasta

Canned pasta meals, such as ravioli or spaghetti in sauce, are popular for their convenience but are often discouraged by nephrologists due to their high sodium and added sugar content. A single serving of canned pasta can contain more than 700 mg of sodium and several grams of sugar, as reported by the U.S. Department of Agriculture FoodData Central. These additives help preserve the product and enhance flavor but can contribute to increased blood pressure and kidney strain, especially in those with compromised kidney function.

In contrast, fresh or homemade pasta dishes allow for better control over both salt and sugar content. By making pasta at home, you can use whole grain noodles, fresh vegetables, lean proteins, and homemade sauces with minimal added salt and no unnecessary sugars. Nephrologists recommend preparing pasta meals from scratch as often as possible and reserving canned versions for emergencies or occasional use only. When purchasing canned pasta, look for “low sodium” options and check labels for added sugars. Simple changes like these can make a significant difference in supporting kidney health while still enjoying classic comfort foods.

27. Bacon

Bacon is a beloved breakfast staple for many, but nephrologists frequently recommend limiting its consumption due to its high levels of sodium, nitrates, and nitrites. The curing process for bacon involves adding large amounts of salt and chemical preservatives to enhance flavor and prolong shelf life. A single slice of bacon can contain up to 200 mg of sodium, and most people consume multiple slices in one sitting. Moreover, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention notes that nitrates and nitrites, commonly used in processed meats like bacon, have been associated with increased cancer risk and can further burden the kidneys.

Leaner, unprocessed meats such as skinless chicken breast, turkey, or fish offer protein without the excessive sodium and chemical additives found in bacon. For those who enjoy the taste of bacon, nephrologists advise treating it as an occasional indulgence rather than a dietary staple. When you do eat bacon, limit portion sizes and pair it with fresh fruits or vegetables to help offset the sodium load. By making bacon an occasional treat and focusing on leaner, less processed proteins, you can better support your kidney health and overall well-being.

28. Store-Bought Sauces

Store-bought sauces, such as tomato sauce, barbecue sauce, and pasta sauces, are often loaded with salt and sugar to enhance flavor and prolong shelf life. A half-cup serving of commercial tomato sauce can contain over 500 mg of sodium, while popular barbecue sauces can have more than 15 grams of added sugar per serving, as noted by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. These high levels of sodium and sugar can contribute to elevated blood pressure, fluid retention, and increased risk of kidney and cardiovascular complications.

Homemade sauces offer a healthier alternative, allowing you to control the amount of salt and sugar added. By preparing sauces at home with fresh tomatoes, garlic, onions, herbs, and a touch of olive oil, you can create flavorful options that are much lower in sodium and sugar. Nephrologists encourage careful portion control when using store-bought sauces and recommend reading labels for sodium and sugar content. Opting for “no salt added” or “low sugar” varieties can also help reduce kidney risk. Making small changes in how sauces are selected and used can support kidney health without sacrificing taste.

29. Processed Cheese

Processed cheese products, such as American cheese slices, cheese spreads, and some pre-shredded cheeses, are frequently discouraged by nephrologists due to their high levels of phosphate additives and sodium. These additives are used to create a smooth texture and prolong shelf life, but are absorbed more readily by the body than natural phosphates, increasing the risk of mineral imbalances for those with kidney disease. According to the National Kidney Foundation, excess phosphorus can lead to bone and heart complications, especially in people with impaired kidney function.

In addition to phosphates, processed cheeses are typically much higher in salt than natural cheeses, with a single slice containing up to 400 mg of sodium. In contrast, natural cheeses like mozzarella, Swiss, or ricotta generally contain fewer additives and less sodium, though moderation is still key. Nephrologists suggest opting for small servings of natural cheese and avoiding or limiting processed varieties. Reading ingredient labels can help identify phosphate additives, often listed as “phos-.” By choosing natural cheese in small portions and limiting processed cheese, you can better support your kidney health while still enjoying dairy in your diet.

30. Restaurant Pizza

Restaurant pizza is a favorite comfort food, but nephrologists often recommend caution due to its high sodium content found in the crust, cheese, and processed meat toppings. A single slice of pepperoni or sausage pizza can contain upwards of 700-900 mg of sodium, and indulging in several slices can quickly exceed the daily recommended limit. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention lists pizza as one of the top contributors to sodium intake in the American diet, largely due to salty cheeses, processed meats, and sodium-laden tomato sauce.

Homemade pizza offers more control over ingredients, enabling you to use whole grain or thin crusts, low-sodium cheeses, and plenty of fresh vegetables as toppings. Skipping processed meats like pepperoni and sausage in favor of grilled chicken or extra vegetables can further reduce sodium and saturated fat. Nephrologists recommend limiting the frequency of restaurant pizza and customizing your order by asking for less cheese or more vegetables. By preparing pizza at home and being mindful of toppings and portion sizes, you can enjoy this popular dish while making kidney-friendly choices that support long-term health.

31. French Fries

French fries are a beloved side dish and snack, but nephrologists often highlight their high sodium content and the use of unhealthy oils as reasons to avoid them for kidney health. A medium order of fast food fries can contain over 300 mg of sodium and is typically fried in oils high in saturated fats or trans fats, which can increase inflammation and cardiovascular risk. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, fried potatoes are among the top sources of sodium and unhealthy fats in the American diet, placing additional strain on both the kidneys and the heart.

In contrast, homemade baked potato wedges allow for greater control over how much salt and oil is used. By baking fresh potatoes with a small amount of olive oil and seasoning with herbs or spices instead of salt, you can create a satisfying alternative that is much lower in sodium and unhealthy fats. Nephrologists recommend limiting portion sizes of any type of fries and reserving them as an occasional treat. Making the switch to baked or homemade alternatives can significantly reduce sodium and fat intake, helping to protect kidney function and overall health.

32. Salted Popcorn

Salted popcorn, especially the kind found pre-packaged or served at movie theaters, is often very high in sodium, making it a less ideal snack for kidney health. A large tub of movie theater popcorn can contain over 1,500 mg of sodium, which is nearly the entire recommended daily limit for most adults in just one serving, as noted by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Pre-packaged microwave popcorn varieties may also include added butter flavorings, preservatives, and unhealthy trans fats, all of which can compound the strain on the kidneys and cardiovascular system.

Air-popped, unsalted popcorn offers a much healthier alternative, providing fiber and a satisfying crunch without the sodium overload. Making popcorn at home allows you to control the ingredients and avoid unnecessary additives. Nephrologists recommend preparing popcorn with little or no salt, and enhancing flavor with herbs, spices, or a sprinkle of nutritional yeast. DIY popcorn is not only kidney-friendly but also customizable to your taste preferences. By choosing air-popped, unsalted popcorn over pre-packaged or heavily salted movie versions, you can enjoy a classic snack that supports kidney health and overall well-being.

33. Jerky Products

Jerky products, such as beef jerky, turkey jerky, and other dried meats, are preserved using large quantities of salt. This preservation method not only extends shelf life but also infuses the meat with significant amounts of sodium. For example, a single one-ounce serving of beef jerky can contain over 500 mg of sodium, as reported by the U.S. Department of Agriculture FoodData Central. Consuming jerky frequently can quickly add up to excessive sodium intake, increasing the risk of high blood pressure and placing additional stress on the kidneys—especially for individuals with chronic kidney disease.

While jerky is a convenient, protein-rich snack, nephrologists recommend limiting its consumption and opting for fresh, unprocessed protein sources when possible. If you enjoy jerky, choose varieties labeled “low sodium” and be mindful of portion sizes. Homemade jerky prepared with minimal salt and natural seasonings is another alternative, though it should still be consumed in moderation. Reducing reliance on salty snacks like jerky can help maintain healthy blood pressure and support kidney function, making it a wise choice for long-term well-being.

34. Pickled Eggs

Pickled eggs are a traditional snack in many cultures, often found in bars and delis, but nephrologists caution against frequent consumption due to their high salt content. The pickling process involves soaking hard-boiled eggs in a brine of vinegar, salt, and spices, which can result in each egg containing several hundred milligrams of sodium. According to the U.S. Department of Agriculture FoodData Central, pickled eggs can have significantly more sodium than regular boiled eggs, making them a concern for those aiming to protect their kidneys.

In contrast, plain boiled eggs are naturally low in sodium and provide high-quality protein without the added salt. Nephrologists recommend enjoying pickled eggs as an occasional treat rather than a regular snack. For a kidney-friendly alternative, opt for boiled eggs seasoned with fresh herbs, black pepper, or a splash of vinegar instead of salt-heavy brines. Being mindful of sodium intake from pickled foods can help maintain healthy blood pressure and reduce the risk of kidney strain, supporting better long-term health outcomes.

35. Smoked Meats

Smoked meats, such as smoked turkey, ham, bacon, and sausages, are popular for their rich flavor, but nephrologists frequently caution against their regular consumption due to high sodium and preservative content. The smoking process often involves curing meats with salt, sugar, and chemical preservatives like nitrates and nitrites to enhance taste and extend shelf life. For example, a serving of smoked turkey can contain over 600 mg of sodium, as reported by the U.S. Department of Agriculture FoodData Central. These high sodium levels, combined with additives, can contribute to increased blood pressure and kidney strain.

Preservatives used in smoked meats, particularly nitrates and nitrites, have also been linked to higher risks of certain cancers and cardiovascular problems. Fresh, unprocessed meats like roasted chicken or turkey breast offer healthier alternatives with significantly less sodium and without the harmful additives. Nephrologists advise enjoying smoked meats only occasionally and in small portions. When you do indulge, balance your meal with plenty of fresh vegetables and limit other high-sodium foods. By making smoked meats a rare treat, you can better protect your kidney health and overall well-being.

36. Commercial Gravy

Commercial gravies, whether in jars, cans, or dry packet mixes, are often packed with sodium and preservatives to enhance flavor and extend shelf life. A single quarter-cup serving of ready-made gravy can contain 300-500 mg of sodium, as well as additives like monosodium glutamate (MSG), artificial flavors, and stabilizers. These ingredients can quickly add up, especially during meals like holiday dinners when gravy is generously poured over dishes. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, sauces and gravies are significant contributors to excess sodium in the typical diet, increasing the risk of high blood pressure and kidney strain.

Homemade gravy, prepared from pan drippings, low-sodium broth, and thickened with a small amount of flour or cornstarch, allows for better control over both salt and preservatives. Nephrologists recommend reading nutrition labels carefully when purchasing commercial gravy to check for sodium content and the presence of additives. Opting for “low sodium” versions or making gravy from scratch are the best ways to enjoy this comfort food while minimizing risk to your kidneys. Small changes in preparation and ingredient choices can make a meaningful difference in long-term kidney health.

37. Instant Rice or Pasta Mixes

Instant rice or pasta mixes are popular for their convenience, but nephrologists often advise caution due to the high sodium content found in their seasoning packets. These pre-packaged mixes commonly contain 500-900 mg of sodium per serving, as noted by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The added salt, artificial flavors, and preservatives in the seasoning packets can quickly add up, especially when consumed regularly, placing extra strain on the kidneys and increasing the risk of hypertension and fluid retention.

In contrast, plain rice or pasta prepared at home contains negligible amounts of sodium and provides a blank canvas for healthier flavoring options. Nephrologists recommend skipping the included seasoning packets and instead flavoring your grains with fresh or dried herbs, garlic, lemon zest, or a splash of olive oil. Adding fresh vegetables or lean proteins can further boost nutrition without adding unnecessary salt. By making these simple swaps and being mindful of your seasonings, you can enjoy quick and tasty meals that are much more supportive of kidney health and overall well-being.

38. Commercial Muffins

Commercial muffins, readily available at bakeries, grocery stores, and cafes, are often high in both sugar and sodium. A single large store-bought muffin can contain up to 30 grams of sugar and more than 400 mg of sodium, as reported by the U.S. Department of Agriculture FoodData Central. These high levels of added sugar and salt help enhance flavor and extend shelf life but can contribute to elevated blood pressure, weight gain, and increased strain on the kidneys—especially when muffins are consumed regularly as a breakfast or snack option.

Homemade muffins offer a healthier alternative, allowing you to control the amount of sugar and salt, use whole grain flours, and add fruits or vegetables for added nutrition. You can further reduce the health impact by making smaller muffins and limiting portion size. Nephrologists recommend enjoying commercial muffins only in moderation and reading nutrition labels carefully to understand their sugar and sodium content. By preparing muffins at home or choosing them as an occasional treat, you can satisfy your sweet tooth while making choices that are more supportive of kidney health.

39. Processed Snack Bars

Processed snack bars, including granola bars, protein bars, and meal replacement bars, are often marketed as healthy convenience foods. However, nephrologists advise caution due to the high sodium, sugar, and preservative content frequently found in these products. Many popular bars contain upwards of 200 mg of sodium and over 15 grams of added sugar per serving, as well as artificial flavors, colors, and chemical preservatives to extend shelf life. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, processed snacks are a significant source of hidden sodium and additives in the modern diet, contributing to increased blood pressure and kidney stress.

Whole food snacks, such as fresh fruit, raw vegetables, unsalted nuts, or homemade trail mixes, offer a healthier and more kidney-friendly alternative. These options provide naturally occurring nutrients without the added salt, sugar, and chemicals found in many commercial bars. Nephrologists recommend reading ingredient lists and nutrition labels carefully when choosing snack bars, looking for options with minimal added sugars, low sodium, and recognizable, whole food ingredients. By making more mindful snack choices, you can better support kidney health and overall wellness while still enjoying convenient and satisfying foods.

40. Stuffing Mixes

Packaged stuffing mixes are a holiday staple and popular side dish, but nephrologists frequently warn against them due to their exceptionally high sodium content. A single serving of prepared boxed stuffing can contain 400-600 mg of sodium or more, and often includes preservatives and artificial flavors to enhance taste and prolong shelf life. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, packaged stuffing and similar processed holiday foods are major contributors to excess sodium intake, increasing the risk of high blood pressure and placing additional strain on the kidneys.

Homemade stuffing offers a far healthier alternative, allowing for full control over the ingredients used. By preparing stuffing from scratch, you can use whole grain bread, fresh vegetables, and a variety of fresh herbs such as sage, thyme, and parsley for flavor instead of relying on salt-laden seasoning packets. Nephrologists recommend reducing or omitting added salt and using low-sodium broth to further protect kidney health. These small changes can make traditional dishes much more kidney-friendly, ensuring you can enjoy your favorite meals without the risks associated with excessive sodium from packaged mixes.

41. Bouillon Cubes

Bouillon cubes are a convenient way to add flavor to soups, stews, and sauces, but nephrologists frequently caution against their regular use due to extremely concentrated sodium levels. A single bouillon cube can contain up to 1,100 mg of sodium—nearly half the daily recommended limit for adults—as well as artificial flavors and preservatives. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, bouillon cubes and similar seasoning agents are a significant source of hidden sodium in prepared foods, increasing the risk of high blood pressure and placing extra strain on the kidneys.

Homemade stock or broth provides a healthier alternative, allowing you to control the amount of salt and avoid unnecessary additives. By simmering bones, meat, and fresh vegetables with herbs, you can create rich, flavorful bases for your dishes without excessive sodium. If using bouillon cubes is necessary, nephrologists recommend choosing “low-sodium” varieties or diluting the cube with extra water to reduce sodium concentration. Always be mindful of the total salt added to recipes when using these products. Making small changes in how you flavor your meals can significantly benefit kidney health in the long run.

42. Canned Gravy

Canned gravy is a convenient accompaniment to meats, potatoes, and holiday dishes, but nephrologists consistently caution against its regular use due to its high sodium and preservative content. A typical serving of canned gravy can contain between 300 and 500 mg of sodium, along with artificial flavors, stabilizers, and preservatives like monosodium glutamate (MSG). According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, canned and jarred sauces, including gravies, are a major source of hidden dietary sodium, which can contribute to high blood pressure and increased kidney strain when consumed frequently.

Homemade gravy, prepared with low-sodium broth, pan drippings, and thickened with flour or cornstarch, allows for much greater control over salt and ingredient quality. Nephrologists recommend making gravy from scratch whenever possible and seasoning it with fresh herbs, black pepper, or a splash of vinegar for enhanced flavor without the excess sodium. When purchasing canned gravy, always check the nutrition label for sodium and additive content, and opt for “low sodium” varieties if available. These small adjustments can help protect your kidneys and promote better overall health while still letting you enjoy comfort foods.

43. Salted Butter

Salted butter is a staple in many kitchens, but nephrologists often recommend choosing unsalted butter to better support kidney health. Traditional salted butter contains added salt, with a single tablespoon providing up to 90 mg of sodium. While this may seem modest, the cumulative effect of using salted butter in cooking and baking—especially alongside other salty ingredients—can quickly add up, leading to higher overall sodium intake. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention highlights that even small sources of sodium can contribute to exceeding daily recommended limits, potentially increasing blood pressure and kidney strain.

Unsalted butter, by contrast, provides the same creamy texture and flavor without the added sodium, allowing you to better control the salt content in your recipes. This is particularly important for those who need to closely monitor their sodium intake due to kidney concerns. Nephrologists suggest using unsalted butter for all cooking and baking tasks and adding salt separately if needed, so you can more easily track and limit total sodium consumption. Making this simple switch is a practical step toward protecting your kidneys while still enjoying the foods you love.

44. Flavored Rice Cakes

Flavored rice cakes, often marketed as a light and crunchy snack, can contain surprisingly high levels of sodium and artificial flavoring agents. Popular varieties such as cheddar, sour cream, or barbecue rice cakes are typically dusted with salt and seasonings, with a single serving sometimes providing 100-200 mg of sodium or more. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, snack foods like flavored rice cakes are hidden sources of dietary sodium that can add up quickly, especially for those who snack frequently throughout the day.

Plain rice cakes, by contrast, are naturally low in sodium and contain none of the artificial flavors or additives found in their flavored counterparts. For a kidney-friendly snack, nephrologists recommend choosing plain rice cakes and adding your own healthy toppings, such as unsalted nut butter, sliced fruit, or a sprinkle of cinnamon. Reading ingredient labels is important to avoid hidden sources of salt and preservatives. By opting for plain varieties and customizing them at home, you can enjoy the convenience and crunch of rice cakes without the risks associated with excess sodium and artificial additives.

45. Canned Chili

Canned chili is a convenient and hearty meal option, but nephrologists often caution against it due to its high sodium and preservative content. A single cup of canned chili can contain 800-1,000 mg of sodium or more, in addition to preservatives and artificial flavors used to extend shelf life and enhance taste. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, canned foods like chili are significant contributors to excessive sodium intake in the average diet, which can raise blood pressure and increase the risk of kidney strain or damage.

Homemade chili offers a healthier alternative, allowing for control over salt levels and the use of fresh, wholesome ingredients. By preparing chili from scratch with lean meats, beans, fresh vegetables, and salt-free seasonings, you can create a flavorful dish that supports kidney health. Nephrologists recommend reading canned chili labels carefully, looking for “low sodium” options and avoiding products with added preservatives or artificial flavors. Making the switch to homemade or carefully selected canned varieties can help reduce sodium intake and protect your kidneys, while still allowing you to enjoy this classic comfort food.

46. Instant Oatmeal Packets

Instant oatmeal packets, especially those with added flavors, are a quick breakfast option but are often high in both added salt and sugar. Flavored varieties can contain up to 250 mg of sodium and as much as 12 grams of sugar per serving, as reported by the U.S. Department of Agriculture FoodData Central. The combination of these additives may help enhance taste and shelf stability but can lead to increased blood pressure and greater kidney strain, particularly when eaten frequently.

Plain, old-fashioned rolled oats or steel-cut oats prepared from scratch offer a much healthier alternative, providing fiber and nutrients without added salt or sugar. By making oatmeal at home, you can control the ingredients and add natural flavors using fresh fruit, cinnamon, or a touch of honey. Nephrologists recommend avoiding or limiting flavored instant oatmeal packets and instead preparing plain oats with kidney-friendly toppings. Reading labels and opting for products with no added sugar or salt can also help protect kidney health. Simple changes to your breakfast routine can make a meaningful difference in daily sodium and sugar intake.

47. Sauerkraut

Sauerkraut, made by fermenting cabbage in a brine of salt and water, is a traditional condiment that can be very high in sodium. A single half-cup serving of canned or jarred sauerkraut may contain as much as 500-900 mg of sodium, as noted by the U.S. Department of Agriculture FoodData Central. While sauerkraut provides beneficial probiotics for gut health, the high salt content can increase blood pressure and place additional strain on the kidneys, especially when consumed frequently.

Fresh cabbage slaw, made without added salt, is a much lower-sodium alternative that still offers the vitamins and fiber found in sauerkraut. If you wish to enjoy sauerkraut, nephrologists recommend limiting portion sizes and rinsing it under cold water before eating to help wash away some of the surface salt and reduce sodium intake. Opting for homemade versions with less salt or choosing fresh cabbage salads dressed with vinegar and herbs can provide similar tangy flavor without the kidney risks associated with high-sodium fermented foods. These simple adjustments can help you balance flavor and kidney health more effectively.

48. Olives

Olives are a flavorful addition to salads, pizzas, and appetizers, but nephrologists advise caution due to their high sodium content. Most commercially available olives are salt-cured or brined, with a single serving of five large olives containing 200-400 mg of sodium, as reported by the U.S. Department of Agriculture FoodData Central. Regularly consuming olives can quickly add to daily sodium intake, increasing blood pressure and placing extra strain on the kidneys, particularly for those with kidney disease or hypertension.

In contrast, unsalted snacks such as fresh vegetables, fruits, or unsalted nuts provide flavor and nutrition without the risks associated with excess sodium. Nephrologists recommend enjoying olives in moderation and being mindful of portion sizes. Rinsing olives under cold water before eating can help reduce some surface salt, though the sodium content will still be relatively high. For a kidney-friendly alternative, consider using fresh herbs, lemon zest, or a splash of olive oil to add zest to dishes. Practicing portion control and choosing lower-sodium snacks can make a significant difference in supporting kidney health over the long term.

49. Commercial Pancake Mixes

Commercial pancake mixes are a convenient breakfast staple, but nephrologists often caution against them due to their high sodium content and the presence of additives such as preservatives, leavening agents, and artificial flavors. A single serving of prepared pancake mix can contain 350-600 mg of sodium, according to the U.S. Department of Agriculture FoodData Central. These mixes may also include phosphates and other chemicals to enhance texture and shelf life, which can be concerning for those with compromised kidney function.

Homemade pancakes, prepared from basic ingredients such as flour, eggs, milk, and a small amount of baking powder, allow for better control over sodium and additive levels. You can further reduce sodium by choosing low-sodium baking powder and limiting added salt. For those who prefer the convenience of a mix, nephrologists recommend seeking out low-sodium varieties and reading labels carefully to avoid unnecessary additives. By making pancakes from scratch or selecting healthier mixes, you can enjoy a classic breakfast favorite while making choices that are more supportive of kidney health.

50. Flavored Instant Grits

Flavored instant grits packets are a quick and tasty breakfast option, but nephrologists often recommend avoiding them due to their high sodium content and artificial flavoring agents. Many flavored varieties, such as cheese or butter grits, contain 300-500 mg of sodium per serving, as well as preservatives, artificial colors, and flavor enhancers to boost taste and shelf life. According to the U.S. Department of Agriculture FoodData Central, these additives can quickly raise daily sodium intake, leading to higher blood pressure and additional kidney strain, especially for those with chronic kidney disease.

Plain grits, on the other hand, are naturally low in sodium and provide a blank canvas for more kidney-friendly flavoring. By preparing plain grits at home, you can season them with fresh herbs, black pepper, or a small amount of unsalted butter or olive oil, significantly reducing your sodium exposure. Nephrologists encourage reading labels on instant grits packets and choosing unflavored or “no salt added” options whenever possible. Making small changes like these can help protect your kidney health while still enjoying the comfort and convenience of a classic Southern breakfast staple.

Conclusion

Choosing foods that support kidney health is essential for preventing kidney disease and slowing its progression. By understanding and avoiding high-sodium, high-phosphate, and highly processed foods, you can reduce strain on your kidneys and support overall well-being. Staying informed about nutrition labels and making mindful swaps for healthier alternatives are empowering steps. Regular kidney health screenings and consultations with a healthcare provider, such as a nephrologist, can help identify potential issues early and tailor dietary recommendations to your individual needs. For more information on kidney-friendly nutrition and screening, visit the National Kidney Foundation. Your food choices today can make a significant difference in your kidney health tomorrow.

Disclaimer

This article is for informational purposes only and does not substitute for professional medical advice. Always consult your physician or a qualified healthcare provider regarding any medical concerns or dietary changes. For more, visit the National Kidney Foundation.

Disclaimer

The information provided in this article is for general informational purposes only. While we strive to keep the information up-to-date and correct, we make no representations or warranties of any kind, express or implied, about the completeness, accuracy, reliability, suitability, or availability with respect to the article or the information, products, services, or related graphics contained in the article for any purpose. Any reliance you place on such information is therefore strictly at your own risk.

In no event will we be liable for any loss or damage including without limitation, indirect or consequential loss or damage, or any loss or damage whatsoever arising from loss of data or profits arising out of, or in connection with, the use of this article.

Through this article you are able to link to other websites which are not under our control. We have no control over the nature, content, and availability of those sites. The inclusion of any links does not necessarily imply a recommendation or endorse the views expressed within them.

Every effort is made to keep the article up and running smoothly. However, we take no responsibility for, and will not be liable for, the article being temporarily unavailable due to technical issues beyond our control.