Ozempic & Friends: Side Effects You Aren’t Told About – Page 21

1. Nausea that Lingers

One of the most frequently reported side effects of Ozempic and similar GLP-1 drugs is persistent nausea. While mild stomach upset is noted in the drug’s official literature, many patients describe a constant, lingering nausea that can disrupt daily life for weeks or even months. For some, this discomfort appears within hours of the first dose. For others, it creeps in gradually, making it difficult to pinpoint the cause.
Patients often share stories of struggling with food aversions or an inability to eat normal meals, even as they appreciate the resulting weight loss. As one patient shared with CNN Health, “It’s a constant queasiness—like having a stomach bug that never goes away.”
While some nausea may be expected, red flags include persistent vomiting, inability to keep fluids down, or rapid weight loss beyond what your doctor anticipates. These symptoms may signal dehydration or more serious complications. If you experience severe or ongoing nausea, it’s important to contact your healthcare provider promptly for assessment and support.

2. Vomiting Episodes

Beyond lingering nausea, vomiting is another side effect that patients on Ozempic and related GLP-1 drugs may experience. These medications slow gastric emptying, which can help control appetite but also increases the risk of stomach contents backing up and triggering vomiting. The body’s natural response is to expel what it perceives as harmful or irritating, and GLP-1 agonists can exaggerate this reflex in sensitive individuals.
Compared to other anti-diabetic medications, the risk of vomiting is notably higher with GLP-1 drugs, as highlighted by the National Institutes of Health. Some patients report isolated incidents, while others experience repeated episodes, especially following dose increases or after eating certain foods.
While occasional vomiting may be manageable at home, frequent or severe episodes can quickly lead to dehydration, electrolyte imbalances, and nutritional deficiencies. If vomiting is persistent, occurs multiple times a day, or is accompanied by symptoms like weakness, confusion, or abdominal pain, it’s crucial to seek medical attention. Your healthcare provider can help determine whether the medication should be adjusted or stopped altogether to protect your health.

3. Diarrhea Distress

Another common, yet under-discussed, side effect of GLP-1 drugs like Ozempic is diarrhea. These medications influence gut motility and slow digestion, but in some individuals, this can paradoxically cause urgent or loose stools. The mechanism is tied to increased secretion of fluids into the intestines and altered gut transit time, leading to unpredictable bowel movements.
While metformin, another popular diabetes medication, is well-known for causing diarrhea, the nature of gastrointestinal upset with GLP-1 drugs is often more sudden and can be accompanied by cramping or bloating. Some patients experience alternating bouts of constipation and diarrhea, making symptom management even more challenging.
Hydration is crucial when facing recurrent diarrhea. Loss of fluids and electrolytes can quickly lead to dehydration, especially in older adults or those with other chronic illnesses. Monitor for signs such as dizziness, dry mouth, or decreased urination. Should diarrhea persist for more than a few days or be accompanied by blood, fever, or severe pain, it’s important to consult your healthcare provider for further evaluation and treatment guidance.

4. Constipation Surprises

While diarrhea is a well-known gastrointestinal side effect, constipation can be just as troubling for those taking Ozempic and similar GLP-1 drugs. These medications are designed to slow digestion to help control appetite and blood sugar, but this effect can also mean that food and waste move through the intestines much more slowly than normal. The result: infrequent, hard, or difficult-to-pass stools.
Interestingly, the underlying mechanism of slowed gut motility in GLP-1 therapy is somewhat comparable to opioid-induced constipation, though the drugs act on different receptors. Both conditions result in sluggish bowels and discomfort, but the sensation can be particularly surprising for patients who previously had regular digestion.
Relief strategies include increasing fiber and water intake, maintaining regular physical activity, and sometimes using over-the-counter stool softeners (with a provider’s guidance). It’s important to avoid excessive use of laxatives, which can lead to dependency or worsen the problem. If constipation becomes severe, lasts more than a week, or is accompanied by abdominal pain or bloating, consult your healthcare provider promptly for additional support and possible medication adjustments.

5. Stomach Pain

Abdominal pain is a side effect that can cause significant discomfort for patients taking Ozempic and other GLP-1 drugs. This pain often results from slowed gastric emptying and increased intestinal gas or cramping, which are direct effects of how these medications alter digestive tract function. For many, the pain is mild to moderate—a dull ache or pressure that comes and goes, sometimes worsening after meals.
However, for a smaller subset of patients, pain can be more severe and persistent, interfering with everyday activities. Some report sharp or stabbing sensations that prompt them to seek medical help. It’s important to distinguish typical medication-related discomfort from signs of more serious conditions. For instance, pancreatitis—a rare but life-threatening inflammation of the pancreas—can present with intense, constant upper abdominal pain that may radiate to the back, often accompanied by vomiting or fever.
If you experience sudden, severe abdominal pain—especially with vomiting, fever, or yellowing of the skin—it’s critical to seek emergency care. These symptoms require immediate attention, as early intervention can be lifesaving. Otherwise, discuss ongoing or recurrent pain with your healthcare provider to explore safer alternatives or supportive treatments.

6. Pancreatitis Risk

One of the most serious—but less commonly discussed—risks associated with Ozempic and related GLP-1 drugs is pancreatitis, or inflammation of the pancreas. While the absolute risk remains relatively low, a growing number of case reports and regulatory warnings highlight the need for vigilance among patients and providers.
Pancreatitis can develop suddenly, sometimes even after months of stable therapy. Researchers and clinicians have documented cases in which individuals experienced severe abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting that did not improve with time. The exact mechanism remains unclear but may involve direct or immune-mediated injury to pancreatic tissue.
Symptoms that require urgent medical attention include:

Severe, persistent upper abdominal pain (sometimes radiating to the back)
Vomiting that doesn’t subside
Fever or chills
Yellowing of the skin or eyes (jaundice)

7. Gallbladder Trouble

Another potential complication with Ozempic and other GLP-1 drugs is the increased risk of gallbladder problems, particularly the formation of gallstones. These medications slow down the digestive process, which can affect how bile is released and stored. Over time, slower bile flow may allow crystals to accumulate and form stones in the gallbladder.
Studies have shown that the incidence of gallstone disease is higher in patients taking GLP-1 receptor agonists compared to those using other diabetes medications. According to the FDA, this risk, while still relatively rare, is significant enough to warrant monitoring, especially for those with a history of gallbladder disease or rapid weight loss.
Warning signs of gallbladder trouble include sudden or severe pain in the upper right abdomen, pain that radiates to the back or right shoulder, nausea, vomiting, or yellowing of the skin and eyes. If you notice any of these symptoms, it’s important to seek medical assessment promptly. Early intervention can prevent complications like infection or the need for emergency surgery.

8. Changes in Appetite

One of the hallmark effects of GLP-1 drugs like Ozempic is appetite suppression. While this can be a welcome change for those seeking weight loss, it’s not always a straightforward benefit. These medications work by mimicking hormones that signal fullness to the brain, helping people feel satisfied with much less food than usual. For some, the change is subtle; for others, it’s dramatic—a near-total loss of interest in eating.
However, this shift can have unexpected psychological and social impacts. Some patients report feeling disconnected from the pleasure of meals or even anxious about their dwindling appetite. According to a recent article in The Atlantic, some users describe missing the role food once played in celebrations or daily routines.
When does appetite suppression become a problem? If you find yourself skipping meals, losing excessive weight, or feeling weak and fatigued, it may be time to reassess your treatment plan. Persistent lack of appetite can lead to malnutrition or interfere with medication absorption. Always discuss any significant or lasting changes in eating habits with your healthcare provider to ensure your body’s nutritional needs continue to be met.

9. Weight Loss That’s Too Fast

While many people turn to Ozempic and similar GLP-1 drugs hoping for steady, sustainable weight loss, some experience weight loss that is too rapid. These medications work by reducing appetite and slowing digestion, which can lead to a dramatic reduction in calorie intake. Unlike gradual weight loss through healthy dieting and exercise, rapid loss often means the body is shedding more than just fat—it can also result in dangerous muscle loss and nutrient deficiencies.
According to the CDC, a safe and sustainable weight loss rate is about 1-2 pounds per week. Losing more than this, especially over several weeks, may indicate the body is not getting the nutrition it needs. Rapid weight loss can also increase the risk of gallstones, dehydration, and electrolyte imbalances.
Warning signs include weakness, fatigue, dizziness, thinning hair, or an inability to perform usual activities. If you notice these issues or are losing weight much faster than expected, consult your healthcare provider. Monitoring your progress and nutritional intake is crucial to avoid the dangers of malnutrition and to ensure that weight loss remains healthy and beneficial.

10. Muscle Loss

An increasingly recognized concern with the use of GLP-1 drugs like Ozempic is lean muscle loss alongside fat loss. While the scale may show a drop in weight, not all of that comes from body fat. Studies and clinical observations have noted that rapid weight loss, especially in older adults, can lead to the loss of valuable muscle tissue, which is vital for balance, strength, and metabolic health.
For elderly patients or those already at risk for frailty, this issue is particularly troubling. Loss of muscle mass can contribute to falls, slower recovery from illness, and a decline in overall function. According to JAMA Internal Medicine, patients using GLP-1 agonists should be monitored for muscle wasting, especially if weight loss is rapid or appetite is severely suppressed.
How can you monitor muscle strength? Pay attention to changes in your ability to walk, climb stairs, or carry groceries. Notice if you feel weaker or tire more easily during daily activities. Healthy weight loss should preserve muscle—so if you suspect muscle loss, discuss resistance exercise and nutritional strategies with your healthcare provider to protect your strength and independence.

11. Fatigue and Weakness

Fatigue and weakness are often overlooked but impactful side effects of GLP-1 drugs like Ozempic. These medications change how your body uses energy, sometimes resulting in tiredness that doesn’t improve with rest. The fatigue can be subtle—a nagging sense of low energy—or more profound, causing difficulty with daily activities. Unlike the tiredness experienced after a poor night’s sleep, this type of fatigue is more like the lingering exhaustion seen in other chronic conditions such as hypothyroidism or anemia.
Several factors may play a role, including reduced calorie intake, rapid weight loss, dehydration, or even subtle imbalances in blood sugar or electrolytes. According to Harvard Health, persistent fatigue should never be ignored, especially if it’s accompanied by muscle weakness, dizziness, or shortness of breath.
When should you seek help? If fatigue persists for more than a few days, significantly interferes with your routine, or is paired with new symptoms like palpitations or confusion, contact your healthcare provider. Ongoing monitoring and lab work can help pinpoint the cause and ensure your treatment plan supports your energy and overall well-being.

12. Headaches

Headaches are another side effect that can catch users of Ozempic and similar GLP-1 drugs off guard. These headaches may stem from changes in blood sugar levels, dehydration, or electrolyte imbalances that occur as your metabolism adjusts. For many, the pain is a dull, persistent ache, but some individuals report sharper or more severe discomfort.
It’s important to distinguish these headaches from traditional migraines, which typically involve throbbing pain, sensitivity to light or sound, and sometimes nausea. Medication-induced headaches are often less dramatic but can still interfere with daily concentration and well-being. If you’re prone to migraines, GLP-1 drugs may sometimes trigger more frequent or intense episodes.
When should you worry? If your headaches are persistent, severe, or don’t respond to usual remedies like rest, hydration, or over-the-counter pain relievers, it’s time to check in with your healthcare provider. Red flags include vision changes, sudden onset of the “worst headache ever,” or headaches paired with fever or neck stiffness—these require urgent evaluation to rule out more serious conditions.

13. Dizziness

Dizziness is a common but unsettling side effect for many people starting Ozempic or similar GLP-1 drugs. This sensation can range from mild lightheadedness to feeling as if the room is spinning, usually a result of dehydration, lower calorie intake, or drops in blood pressure. Sometimes, blood sugar fluctuations—especially if you’re on additional diabetes medications—can also trigger dizzy spells.
Compared to other diabetes treatments, GLP-1 drugs may cause more pronounced dizziness when they lead to rapid changes in hydration status or nutritional intake. According to American Diabetes Association, dizziness is more likely during the initial weeks or after dose adjustments.
Practical steps to prevent falls include rising slowly from sitting or lying positions, staying hydrated, and ensuring you eat regular meals. Make your home safer by removing tripping hazards and using support when climbing stairs. If dizziness persists, worsens, or leads to fainting, contact your healthcare provider. Persistent dizziness can signal more serious issues, such as heart rhythm disturbances or dangerously low blood pressure, and should never be ignored.

14. Hypoglycemia (Low Blood Sugar)

Although Ozempic and other GLP-1 drugs are less likely to cause hypoglycemia (low blood sugar) on their own, the risk increases significantly when combined with other diabetes medications like insulin or sulfonylureas. These drugs enhance the body’s insulin response, so when used together, blood sugar can sometimes drop too low—especially if meals are missed or calorie intake is drastically reduced.
Hypoglycemia can develop quickly, and its symptoms are often subtle at first. According to the CDC, early warning signs include shakiness, sweating, irritability, dizziness, confusion, and a rapid heartbeat. If left untreated, severe low blood sugar can lead to fainting, seizures, or even coma.
It’s important to be proactive: Always monitor your blood sugar regularly if you’re taking Ozempic with other glucose-lowering drugs. Keep fast-acting carbohydrates—such as glucose tablets or juice—on hand in case symptoms arise. If you experience confusion, slurred speech, or loss of consciousness, seek medical help immediately. Discuss any episodes of low blood sugar with your healthcare provider to adjust your treatment plan and avoid future risks.

15. Heart Rate Changes

Recent research has shown that GLP-1 drugs like Ozempic may cause a modest increase in heart rate for some users. In clinical studies, patients have experienced resting heart rate elevations of several beats per minute, a shift that is still being explored for its long-term significance. While these increases are usually mild, they may become more concerning in individuals with pre-existing heart conditions.
Unlike stimulant medications, which can cause dramatic spikes in pulse and blood pressure, GLP-1 agonists tend to produce a more gradual and less pronounced effect. Nevertheless, the American College of Cardiology notes that patients with arrhythmias or a history of heart disease should be especially cautious.
When is a racing pulse dangerous? Occasional mild increases are often harmless, but if you notice a persistently high heart rate (over 100 beats per minute at rest), palpitations, chest pain, or shortness of breath, seek immediate medical attention. Monitoring your pulse at home and reporting any new or worsening symptoms to your healthcare provider can help ensure your heart stays healthy while on GLP-1 therapy.

16. Heartburn or Acid Reflux

Heartburn or acid reflux is another uncomfortable side effect some people experience after starting Ozempic or similar GLP-1 drugs. These medications slow down gastric emptying, which means food and stomach acids stay in the stomach longer, increasing the likelihood that acid will rise up into the esophagus and cause a burning sensation.
This effect can mimic or worsen symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), including chest discomfort, sour taste, or even a sensation of food coming back up. For those with a history of reflux, symptoms may become more pronounced or harder to manage.
Strategies to reduce symptoms include eating smaller meals, avoiding lying down immediately after eating, elevating the head of your bed, and steering clear of common trigger foods such as spicy, fatty, or acidic items. Staying upright for a few hours after meals and wearing loose clothing around the waist can also help. If heartburn becomes frequent, severe, or is accompanied by trouble swallowing or unexplained weight loss, consult your healthcare provider to discuss medication adjustments or further evaluation.

17. Taste Changes

Some patients taking Ozempic or other GLP-1 drugs report a surprising side effect: altered taste perception. Foods that once tasted appealing may suddenly seem bland, metallic, or even unpleasant. This phenomenon, known as dysgeusia, is not unique to diabetes medications—similar changes are commonly reported by people undergoing chemotherapy, where drugs disrupt taste receptor function or alter saliva production.
While the exact mechanism with GLP-1 drugs isn’t fully understood, it may relate to changes in appetite hormones, slowed digestion, or subtle shifts in gut-brain signaling. According to the National Cancer Institute, persistent taste changes can significantly affect nutrition if they cause aversion to protein sources or nutrient-rich foods.
When do taste changes become a problem? If you find yourself skipping meals, losing weight, or avoiding entire food groups because of altered taste, discuss these symptoms with your provider. Trying new foods, using herbs and spices, or focusing on cold or bland options may help. Nutritional counseling can also support you in maintaining a balanced diet while managing this unusual but impactful side effect.

18. Hair Loss

Hair loss is a distressing but sometimes overlooked side effect for people experiencing rapid weight loss on Ozempic and other GLP-1 drugs. When the body loses weight quickly, it can enter a state of stress that disrupts the normal hair growth cycle, leading to a condition called telogen effluvium. As more hairs enter the resting phase and shed, patients may notice increased hair thinning, sometimes weeks or months after starting medication.
Numerous patient anecdotes, such as those shared in The New York Times, describe sudden clumps of hair found in shower drains or hairbrushes. While this shedding is usually temporary and hair often grows back once weight stabilizes, it can be emotionally challenging. Nutritional deficiencies can worsen the problem, especially if calorie or protein intake drops too low.
When should you talk to your provider? If you notice unusual or persistent hair thinning, discuss it with your healthcare team. They can help rule out other causes, recommend nutritional adjustments, or suggest supplements. Early intervention can support hair regrowth and ensure your overall health isn’t being compromised by your treatment plan.

19. Injection Site Reactions

Injection site reactions are another side effect that users of Ozempic and other GLP-1 drugs may encounter. Common symptoms include redness, swelling, itching, or mild pain where the medication is injected. These reactions are generally mild and transient, much like those seen with insulin injections, but can be concerning for people new to self-administered medications.
According to the CDC, such reactions are typically caused by minor irritation to the skin or underlying tissue. Rotating injection sites—using a different spot each week—can help minimize discomfort and prevent tissue damage over time. If the area becomes increasingly red, warm, or develops pus, this may indicate infection and requires prompt medical evaluation.
Care tips include using a clean needle for each injection, cleaning the skin beforehand with alcohol, and applying a cool compress if swelling or itching occurs. Most mild reactions resolve on their own. However, if symptoms persist for more than a few days or worsen, it’s important to reach out to your healthcare provider to rule out allergic reactions or more serious complications.

20. Allergic Reactions

Though rare, allergic reactions to Ozempic and other GLP-1 drugs can be serious and even life-threatening. These responses may range from mild skin rashes or hives to severe reactions such as angioedema (swelling of the face, lips, or tongue) and anaphylaxis. Allergic reactions can occur within minutes of injection or develop hours later, and they require immediate attention if severe.
According to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), warning signs of a serious allergic reaction include difficulty breathing, swelling of the throat or mouth, severe dizziness, and a rapid or weak pulse. Sometimes, a widespread rash or sudden drop in blood pressure may also occur.
If you ever experience these symptoms after an injection, call emergency services (911) right away. Do not wait to see if the reaction goes away on its own. Prompt treatment with epinephrine and supportive care can be lifesaving. Always inform your healthcare provider about any past allergic reactions, and keep a record of your symptoms to help guide safe future treatment decisions.

21. Thyroid Concerns

Thyroid health is another area of concern highlighted in the prescribing information for Ozempic and similar GLP-1 drugs. Animal studies have shown an increased risk of thyroid C-cell tumors—specifically medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC)—when these medications are administered at high doses over long periods. While these findings have not been definitively replicated in humans, they have prompted caution and ongoing research.
According to the FDA prescribing information, Ozempic should not be used by individuals with a personal or family history of MTC or those with Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia syndrome type 2 (MEN 2). Current guidance recommends that patients and healthcare providers remain vigilant for symptoms such as a lump in the neck, hoarseness, difficulty swallowing, or persistent cough.
When should you screen for thyroid issues? If you have a history of thyroid nodules, cancer, or related syndromes, discuss this with your healthcare provider before starting a GLP-1 drug. Any new or unexplained symptoms should prompt a thyroid evaluation. Regular monitoring and open communication help ensure early detection and safe medication use.

22. Vision Changes

Vision changes, such as blurred vision or trouble focusing, can occasionally occur when starting Ozempic or similar GLP-1 drugs. While these symptoms may be related to shifting blood sugar levels as the body adapts to new medication, they can be unsettling and sometimes mistaken for worsening diabetic eye disease.
According to the American Academy of Ophthalmology, fluctuations in blood sugar can cause temporary swelling in the lens of the eye, leading to blurriness. However, sudden or severe vision changes should never be ignored, as they could signal more serious complications such as diabetic retinopathy or retinal detachment—conditions that can cause permanent vision loss if left untreated.
When is urgent care needed? If you experience sudden loss of vision, flashing lights, floaters, or pain in one or both eyes, seek immediate medical attention. Even mild blurring that doesn’t resolve within a few days should prompt a visit to your healthcare provider or eye doctor. Regular eye exams remain a cornerstone of diabetes care and can help distinguish medication-related changes from progressive eye disease.

23. Mood Changes or Depression

While not commonly highlighted in medication guides, some users of Ozempic and other GLP-1 drugs report mood changes ranging from mild irritability to feelings of depression. The exact connection isn’t fully understood, but it may be related to the way these drugs influence appetite hormones and gut-brain communication, which can subtly impact emotional well-being.
These mental health changes may be similar to what’s seen with other chronic illness treatments, where the physical stress of rapid weight loss or drastic dietary changes can affect mood and energy. According to the National Institute of Mental Health, sudden mood shifts or persistent sadness should never be ignored, particularly if they interfere with daily functioning or relationships.
When should you consult a counselor? If you notice a persistent loss of interest in activities, ongoing sadness, trouble sleeping, or thoughts of self-harm, it’s important to reach out to a mental health professional. Support from a counselor or therapist can help you process emotional changes, while your healthcare provider can review your medication plan to ensure your mental and physical health stay in balance.

24. Anxiety

Anxiety is another psychological effect that some people experience when starting Ozempic or other GLP-1 drugs. While less common than physical side effects, anxiety can manifest as restlessness, a racing mind, or persistent worry. Unlike the intense, jittery anxiety linked to stimulant medications—where increased heart rate and agitation are prominent—GLP-1-induced anxiety is usually subtler, but can still disrupt sleep and daily life.
The underlying causes may involve rapid changes in metabolism, shifts in appetite hormones, or even concerns about medication side effects. According to the Anxiety & Depression Association of America, people with a history of anxiety disorders may be more susceptible to these symptoms, and stress from health changes can amplify existing worries.
Coping techniques include practicing deep breathing, mindfulness, and gentle exercise to calm the nervous system. Keeping a journal of your feelings and discussing concerns with your healthcare provider can foster reassurance and early intervention. If anxiety becomes persistent, interferes with your functioning, or is accompanied by panic attacks or depression, seeking professional mental health support is strongly recommended for optimal well-being.

25. Sleep Disturbances

Sleep disturbances—such as insomnia or unusually vivid dreams—are sometimes reported by people taking Ozempic and similar GLP-1 drugs. While not as widely recognized as gastrointestinal side effects, disruptions in sleep can have a major impact on daily well-being. Some users describe difficulty falling asleep, frequent nighttime awakenings, or intense, memorable dreams that leave them feeling unrested in the morning.
The causes may be multifactorial: changes in blood sugar, anxiety about medication effects, or even altered hormone signaling in the brain. Although these symptoms are not as dramatic as those caused by stimulant medications, they can still result in daytime fatigue, irritability, and trouble concentrating. According to the Sleep Foundation, persistent sleep loss can impair immune function, mood, and metabolic health.
When does sleep loss become a problem? If insomnia or disturbed sleep persists for more than a few weeks, or if you notice significant daytime impairment, consult your healthcare provider. Practicing good sleep hygiene—consistent bedtime routines, limiting screens before bed, and managing stress—can help. Medication adjustments or a sleep specialist may be needed if problems continue.

26. Sweating Abnormalities

Unexpected sweating—either excessive sweating or, less commonly, reduced sweating—can occur in some individuals using Ozempic or similar GLP-1 drugs. This side effect may appear as random episodes of sweating not related to heat or exercise, or night sweats that disrupt sleep. For patients, the sensation can be disconcerting and may even mimic hot flashes or menopausal sweats, though the underlying causes are different.
Unlike menopausal hot flashes, which are linked to hormonal shifts in estrogen, GLP-1-induced sweating may be related to changes in blood sugar, autonomic nervous system activation, or metabolic fluctuations. According to the Harvard Health, sweating abnormalities can also occur with other medications, but new or excessive sweating should always be discussed with a provider.
Practical management includes wearing breathable clothing, staying in cool environments, and keeping hydrated. If sweating is accompanied by dizziness, palpitations, or occurs with low blood sugar symptoms, take immediate action and seek medical advice. Persistent or severe episodes should prompt a review of your medication regimen to ensure your comfort and safety.

27. Dry Mouth

Dry Mouth Main — A close-up of parched, cracked lips with a tongue reaching out, capturing the discomfort of intense thirst and dry mouth. | Generated by Google Gemini

Dry mouth is a bothersome side effect that some people experience when taking Ozempic and other GLP-1 drugs. This sensation, known medically as xerostomia, can make swallowing, speaking, and even tasting food more difficult. Like the well-known dry mouth effect of antihistamines, GLP-1 drugs may reduce saliva production through changes in the autonomic nervous system or fluid balance in the body.
Persistent dry mouth is more than an inconvenience—it can increase the risk of dental problems, including cavities, gum disease, and oral infections. According to the American Dental Association, maintaining good oral hygiene is critical for those with chronic dry mouth, regardless of the cause.
Oral care tips include sipping water frequently throughout the day, chewing sugar-free gum to stimulate saliva flow, and avoiding tobacco or alcohol, which can worsen dryness. Use a humidifier at night and consider saliva substitutes if symptoms are severe. If dry mouth persists, or if you notice mouth sores, a burning sensation, or changes in taste, consult your healthcare provider or dentist for further evaluation and tailored management.

28. Dehydration

Dehydration is a significant risk for people taking Ozempic and similar GLP-1 drugs, especially if they experience ongoing vomiting or diarrhea. These gastrointestinal side effects can lead to a rapid loss of fluids and essential electrolytes, putting strain on the body’s balance and increasing the risk of complications. Dehydration doesn’t just cause thirst—it can also impact kidney function, which is especially concerning for those with diabetes or pre-existing kidney issues.
According to the National Kidney Foundation, dehydration can lead to decreased urine output, dark urine, dizziness, rapid heartbeat, and even confusion. Chronic fluid loss may worsen kidney function and, in severe cases, cause acute kidney injury.
Signs to watch for include dry mouth, sunken eyes, low blood pressure, and reduced skin elasticity. If you notice these symptoms or are unable to keep fluids down for more than 24 hours, seek medical attention immediately. Staying well-hydrated—especially in the presence of gastrointestinal symptoms—is crucial for overall health and can help prevent serious complications while on GLP-1 therapy.

29. Kidney Function Changes

Kidney function changes are a potential risk for those using Ozempic and other GLP-1 drugs, particularly when accompanied by dehydration from vomiting or diarrhea. These medications can sometimes stress the kidneys, especially in people with underlying kidney disease or those taking additional nephrotoxic drugs. In rare cases, acute kidney injury has been reported, prompting safety updates from regulatory agencies.
The FDA safety communications caution patients and providers to monitor closely for symptoms like swelling, decreased urine output, or unexplained fatigue. These signs may indicate reduced kidney function or acute kidney injury, which can be life-threatening if unaddressed.
When should you check labs? It’s important to have kidney function evaluated through blood and urine tests before starting a GLP-1 drug and periodically during treatment, especially if you develop symptoms of dehydration or have a history of kidney issues. Early detection and intervention are key to preventing serious kidney complications while benefiting from the metabolic effects of these medications.

30. Urinary Tract Infections

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a possible but less frequently discussed risk for individuals on Ozempic and other GLP-1 drugs. While the increase in UTI risk is not as pronounced as it is with SGLT2 inhibitors—a different class of diabetes medications known for raising blood and urine glucose levels—any disruption in hydration, kidney function, or immune response can make infections more likely.
According to the CDC, classic warning signs of a UTI include frequent urination, burning or pain when urinating, cloudy or foul-smelling urine, and lower abdominal or back pain. In severe cases, fever and chills may also develop, signaling a more serious infection that could involve the kidneys.
It’s important to monitor for these symptoms, especially if you’re dealing with dehydration or other side effects that may compromise your body’s defenses. If you suspect a UTI, seek prompt medical attention for diagnosis and treatment. Early intervention can prevent complications, including kidney infection or sepsis, and help ensure your continued well-being while using GLP-1 medications.

31. Skin Rashes

Skin rashes can develop in response to Ozempic and other GLP-1 drugs, either at the injection site or elsewhere on the body. These rashes may present as redness, raised bumps, itching, or peeling. While most reactions are mild and resolve with basic care, some can be persistent or severe.
Real-world examples include patients developing hives, eczema-like patches, or widespread itching after starting GLP-1 therapy. Sometimes, these rashes are allergic in nature; other times, they may be triggered by immune system changes or irritation from repetitive injections. According to the American Academy of Dermatology, most mild rashes are benign but should be monitored closely.
When does a rash indicate something serious? If you notice blistering, swelling of the face or mouth, difficulty breathing, or a rapidly spreading rash, seek emergency medical attention—these could be signs of a severe allergic reaction. Otherwise, consult your healthcare provider if skin changes persist or worsen. Photos and symptom tracking can help determine if a medication adjustment or referral to a dermatologist is needed.

32. Delayed Gastric Emptying

One of the intended effects of Ozempic and other GLP-1 drugs is to slow gastric emptying, meaning food stays in the stomach longer before passing into the intestines. While this helps with appetite control and blood sugar management, it can also mimic or trigger symptoms similar to gastroparesis, a condition where the stomach empties much more slowly than normal.
People may notice a feeling of fullness after eating only a small amount, bloating, nausea, or even vomiting undigested food hours later. For some, this effect is mild and manageable; for others, it can interfere with nutrition and quality of life. Those with a history of digestive motility issues should be especially cautious.
When should you adjust eating habits? If you experience persistent fullness, discomfort, or regurgitation, try eating smaller, more frequent meals and choosing easily digestible foods. Avoiding high-fat or fibrous foods may help. If symptoms are severe or ongoing, consult your healthcare provider, as medication adjustments or further testing may be needed to address delayed gastric emptying safely.

33. Bloating

Bloating is a frequent and often uncomfortable side effect for people using Ozempic and other GLP-1 drugs. This sensation of abdominal fullness or tightness is usually related to slowed digestion and delayed gastric emptying, which can cause gas and food to linger in the stomach and intestines for longer periods.
Many patients report feeling “puffed up” or unusually distended after even small meals. In some cases, the bloating is accompanied by gassiness or mild cramping. According to patient stories shared on online forums and with the WebMD editorial team, bloating can be persistent, but often fluctuates in severity.
Practical strategies for relief include eating smaller, slower meals, avoiding carbonated beverages, and limiting foods known to cause gas (such as beans, broccoli, and onions). Gentle physical activity, like walking after eating, can also help move gas through the digestive tract. If bloating leads to severe discomfort, rapid weight gain, or vomiting, contact your provider for further evaluation and possible medication adjustments.

34. Gas

Increased flatulence, or gas, is another gastrointestinal side effect that some people notice after starting Ozempic or other GLP-1 drugs. As these medications slow down digestion, food spends longer in the stomach and intestines, allowing more time for bacteria to break it down and produce gas. This can lead to frequent belching or the need to pass gas, which may be embarrassing or uncomfortable in social situations.
While dietary habits—such as eating high-fiber or gas-producing foods—are a common cause of flatulence, the persistence or sudden onset of gas after starting GLP-1 therapy suggests a medication-related effect. According to the Mayo Clinic, most gas is harmless, but it can be bothersome when it disrupts daily life or is accompanied by other digestive symptoms.
When does gas suggest a bigger issue? If you develop severe, persistent, or foul-smelling gas along with pain, bloating, or changes in bowel habits, speak with your healthcare provider. Adjusting your diet, eating more slowly, or modifying medication may be needed to manage symptoms and maintain comfort.

35. Burping

Burping, or belching, is another gastrointestinal effect that can become more noticeable with Ozempic and other GLP-1 drugs. As these medications slow the movement of food through the stomach, swallowed air and digestive gases have more time to accumulate, leading to increased pressure and the need to release air upward. This is similar to the effect seen after drinking carbonated beverages, which introduce extra gas into the stomach and often cause frequent burping.
Some patients find that burping becomes a regular, sometimes involuntary, part of their day—especially after meals or when feeling bloated. While usually harmless, persistent burping can be socially awkward, cause self-consciousness, or interfere with conversations and meals.
Managing burping involves eating slowly, avoiding gulping beverages, and steering clear of carbonated drinks or gum that increases swallowed air. If burping is accompanied by pain, nausea, or other digestive symptoms, it’s worth discussing with your healthcare provider to rule out more serious issues. According to the Cedars-Sinai health library, frequent burping is rarely a sign of severe disease, but it can impact quality of life and social comfort.

36. Unusual Body Odor

Unusual body odor is a lesser-known but sometimes reported side effect among users of Ozempic and other GLP-1 drugs. As these medications alter metabolism and promote rapid weight loss, the body may begin breaking down fat for energy at a higher rate, releasing byproducts called ketones. This process is similar to what occurs on a ketogenic (keto) diet, where ketones can impart a sweet, fruity, or even acetone-like smell to breath, sweat, or urine.
Some patients describe noticing a new or stronger odor after starting GLP-1 therapy—often most pronounced during periods of rapid weight loss or low carbohydrate intake. While not harmful, these changes can be a source of embarrassment or self-consciousness, especially in close social or professional settings.
Hygiene tips include showering regularly, wearing breathable fabrics, and using clinical-strength deodorants. Staying hydrated can help dilute odor-causing compounds and promote kidney clearance of ketones. If the odor is persistent or significantly disruptive, discuss it with your healthcare provider to ensure it’s not related to dehydration or another underlying issue. According to the Cleveland Clinic, most body odor changes are benign but should be evaluated if accompanied by other symptoms.

37. Increased Thirst

Increased thirst is a symptom that some people notice after starting Ozempic or other GLP-1 drugs. This can be a natural response to mild dehydration, especially if you are experiencing gastrointestinal side effects like vomiting or diarrhea, or if your body is adjusting to rapid metabolic changes. The thirst mechanism is your body’s way of prompting you to restore fluid balance and prevent complications.
For those with diabetes, increased thirst (polydipsia) is a familiar warning sign, often linked to high blood sugar levels. However, with GLP-1 therapy, it may also signal shifts in electrolyte levels or the need for more fluids due to medication side effects. According to the American Diabetes Association, it’s important to distinguish between thirst caused by dehydration, uncontrolled blood sugar, or other imbalances.
Signs of imbalance include persistent dry mouth, headaches, dizziness, dark urine, or fatigue. If you’re drinking more than usual and not finding relief, or if thirst is accompanied by other symptoms like confusion or rapid heart rate, consult your healthcare provider. Prompt recognition and correction of fluid or metabolic imbalances are crucial for safe and effective treatment.

38. Changes in Bowel Color

Changes in bowel color are sometimes observed by people taking Ozempic and other GLP-1 drugs. While bowel movements naturally vary in shade depending on diet and hydration, certain color changes can signal underlying health issues. For example, very pale, clay-colored stools may indicate problems with bile flow, which can be a sign of liver or gallbladder complications—a risk noted in the medication’s safety materials.
On the other hand, dark or tarry stools might suggest bleeding in the upper gastrointestinal tract, while bright red stool could indicate lower GI bleeding. In rare cases, medication-induced changes in digestion or bile secretion may temporarily alter stool color without serious consequences. According to the American College of Gastroenterology, persistent or dramatic shifts in stool color should never be ignored.
When should you report changes? If you notice pale, yellow, black, or bloody stools—especially if accompanied by jaundice, fatigue, or abdominal pain—contact your healthcare provider promptly. Early evaluation is important to rule out liver dysfunction, gallbladder disease, or gastrointestinal bleeding and to ensure your ongoing safety on GLP-1 therapy.

39. Vitamin and Mineral Deficiencies

Vitamin and mineral deficiencies can develop in patients using Ozempic and other GLP-1 drugs, especially if appetite suppression or gastrointestinal side effects lead to reduced food intake. Slower digestion and altered gut motility may also impact how effectively nutrients are absorbed, compounding the risk of malnutrition. For instance, those who experience chronic diarrhea or vomiting may lose water-soluble vitamins and essential electrolytes at a faster rate.
Patients may report symptoms such as fatigue, brittle nails, hair loss, tingling in the hands or feet, or frequent infections—classic signs of deficiencies in nutrients like vitamin B12, iron, or magnesium. According to the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, even mild deficiencies can have a significant impact on health over time, affecting everything from immune function to energy levels.
When should you check labs? If you notice unexplained symptoms, persistent weakness, or have ongoing digestive side effects, your healthcare provider may recommend blood tests to assess your nutritional status. Early detection allows for targeted supplementation, dietary adjustments, and safer continued use of GLP-1 therapy.

40. Increased Risk of Infections

Increased risk of infections is a lesser-known concern for people taking Ozempic and similar GLP-1 drugs. While these medications are not immunosuppressive like steroids, they can indirectly affect the immune system by altering gut microbiota, changing nutrient absorption, or causing dehydration and electrolyte imbalances. Additionally, rapid weight loss and poor nutrition can lead to a weakened immune response, leaving patients more susceptible to common infections.
This risk is not as pronounced as with high-dose steroid therapy, which directly suppresses immune function and raises the risk of serious or opportunistic infections. However, users of GLP-1 drugs may notice more frequent colds, urinary tract infections, or slow-healing wounds. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), prompt recognition and treatment of infections is key, especially in patients with diabetes or other chronic illnesses.
When should you seek prompt care? Signs such as persistent fever, unexplained pain, pus, redness, or swelling at injection sites, or any rapidly worsening symptoms should prompt immediate medical evaluation. Early intervention can prevent complications and ensure that your medication continues to support your health safely.

41. Delayed Wound Healing

Delayed wound healing can be a concern for individuals taking Ozempic and other GLP-1 drugs, particularly if they experience nutritional deficiencies, rapid weight loss, or dehydration. These factors can lead to inadequate supplies of protein, vitamins, and minerals that are critical for the body’s repair processes. Additionally, gastrointestinal upset may further hamper the absorption of nutrients essential for tissue regeneration.
It’s important to distinguish this from the already increased risk of slow-healing wounds in diabetes, often due to poor blood flow and nerve damage. While GLP-1 drugs themselves do not directly cause vascular complications, the side effects they provoke—such as vomiting, diarrhea, or loss of appetite—can further slow down recovery from cuts, scrapes, or surgical wounds.
Wound care advice: Keep wounds clean and dry, inspect them daily for signs of infection, and maintain a balanced diet rich in protein, zinc, and vitamin C. According to the WoundSource, prompt attention to minor injuries and early intervention for any signs of delayed healing are essential. If a wound is not improving or is worsening after several days, consult your healthcare provider for specialized care.

42. Dental Issues

Dental issues can arise in people using Ozempic and other GLP-1 drugs, often as a consequence of associated side effects like dry mouth. Saliva plays a crucial role in protecting tooth enamel, rinsing away food particles, and neutralizing acids produced by bacteria. When saliva production drops, the risk of cavities, gum disease, and oral infections increases.
Patients may notice new sensitivity, bad breath, mouth sores, or bleeding gums—symptoms that can escalate if left untreated. The link between dry mouth and dental decay is well established, and those on GLP-1 therapy may be especially vulnerable if nausea or vomiting leads to poor oral hygiene.
Dental hygiene tips include brushing teeth at least twice daily with fluoride toothpaste, flossing regularly, and using alcohol-free mouthwash to avoid further drying out the mouth. Chewing sugar-free gum can stimulate saliva, and regular dental checkups are essential for early detection of problems. According to the American Dental Association, maintaining hydration and prompt intervention for oral symptoms are key to preventing complications while taking GLP-1 medications.

43. Sexual Health Changes

Sexual health changes can be an unexpected side effect for some people taking Ozempic and other GLP-1 drugs. Both men and women have reported shifts in libido, arousal, or sexual function after starting these medications. While the mechanisms are not fully understood, factors like rapid weight loss, hormonal changes, mood shifts, and altered energy levels may all play a role.
These changes can sometimes resemble the sexual side effects seen with antidepressants, where decreased libido, difficulty reaching orgasm, or erectile dysfunction can occur. For some, improved confidence from weight loss may actually enhance sexual well-being, but others may experience a decrease in desire or satisfaction.
When should you discuss with a provider? If sexual health changes are persistent, distressing, or interfere with your relationships, it’s important to bring them up with your healthcare provider. According to the Mayo Clinic, open communication allows for tailored solutions, which may include medication adjustments, counseling, or addressing underlying mood or hormonal concerns. Never hesitate to address sexual health—it’s a vital part of your overall well-being.

44. Menstrual Irregularities

Menstrual irregularities can occur in women taking Ozempic and other GLP-1 drugs, particularly when rapid weight loss or significant changes in body composition disrupt hormonal balance. Weight loss can influence the production of estrogen and other reproductive hormones, sometimes leading to skipped periods, lighter or heavier bleeding, or changes in cycle length.
Real-world examples include women who previously had regular periods suddenly experiencing unpredictable cycles, or those with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) noticing improvements—or worsening—in their menstrual regularity. According to the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG), even small changes in nutrition, stress, or weight can have a dramatic impact on menstruation.
When to evaluate? If menstrual changes persist for more than a few months, become very heavy or painful, or are accompanied by symptoms such as fatigue, hair loss, or new acne, discuss them with your healthcare provider. Early evaluation helps rule out underlying hormonal disorders or nutrient deficiencies and ensures your reproductive health is monitored while on GLP-1 therapy.

45. Breast Changes

2 Changes In Breast Shape Or Size Freepik

Breast changes such as tenderness, swelling, or even mild enlargement have been rarely reported by individuals taking Ozempic and other GLP-1 drugs. While the exact mechanism isn’t fully understood, these symptoms may be related to rapid shifts in weight, changes in body fat distribution, or subtle hormonal fluctuations that accompany significant metabolic changes.
Unlike hormonal medications such as birth control pills or hormone replacement therapies—which are known to directly impact estrogen and progesterone levels—GLP-1 drugs do not primarily target reproductive hormones. However, the indirect effects of weight loss and improved insulin sensitivity can sometimes influence the endocrine system, leading to temporary breast sensations.
Monitoring tips include noting any new lumps, persistent pain, nipple discharge, or changes in breast shape or skin. According to the American Cancer Society, it’s wise for all adults to perform regular self-exams and report any unusual findings to a healthcare provider. While most breast changes are benign, early assessment is important for peace of mind and to rule out unrelated but significant concerns.

46. Changes in Body Temperature

Changes in body temperature—such as feeling unusually hot or cold—are occasionally reported by people taking Ozempic and other GLP-1 drugs. These fluctuations can result from rapid weight loss, altered metabolism, or shifts in blood flow, and may make it harder to regulate comfort in everyday situations. Some patients notice increased sensitivity to cold, while others describe random hot flashes or night sweats.
These symptoms can sometimes resemble those seen in thyroid disorders, which are well known for disrupting temperature regulation through hormonal imbalances. However, GLP-1 drugs affect metabolism differently and do not directly target the thyroid gland. According to the Johns Hopkins Medicine, persistent or severe temperature sensitivity should always be evaluated to rule out underlying endocrine issues.
How to stay comfortable? Dress in layers, use fans or heaters as needed, and stay hydrated to support your body’s natural cooling and heating mechanisms. If you develop chills, unexplained fevers, or ongoing temperature control problems, contact your healthcare provider for assessment and possible lab testing to ensure your symptoms are not related to thyroid or other metabolic disorders.

47. Unusual Bruising or Bleeding

Unusual bruising or bleeding can sometimes develop in people taking Ozempic and other GLP-1 drugs, particularly if nutritional deficiencies or rapid weight loss affect platelet production or blood vessel health. Bruising may occur more easily at injection sites or elsewhere, even after minor bumps or scrapes. Occasionally, this side effect may be compounded in patients who are also taking blood thinners or antiplatelet medications, which can increase the risk of bleeding complications.
While the risk of serious bleeding with GLP-1 drugs is significantly lower than with dedicated anticoagulants, some patients may notice more frequent nosebleeds, bleeding gums, or prolonged bleeding from cuts. According to the American Society of Hematology, unexplained or severe bruising should be evaluated, especially if it is accompanied by other symptoms like fatigue, pale skin, or shortness of breath.
When to check clotting labs? If you experience frequent or unexplained bruising or bleeding, your provider may order blood tests to assess platelet levels and clotting function. Early detection of abnormalities ensures appropriate intervention and keeps your treatment plan as safe as possible.

48. Back Pain

Woman,suffering,from,back,pain,because,of,uncomfortable,mattress — Shutterstock

Back pain and other musculoskeletal discomforts have been reported by some people after starting Ozempic and related GLP-1 drugs. These aches may present as mild soreness, tension, or sharp pain in the lower or upper back, and are sometimes accompanied by muscle stiffness or general fatigue. While the direct mechanism is unclear, rapid weight changes, electrolyte imbalances, or increased physical activity after weight loss can all play a role.
This side effect is somewhat reminiscent of the muscle pain experienced with statin medications, though statin-induced pain is typically more widespread and linked to muscle inflammation or breakdown. With GLP-1 therapy, the discomfort is usually less severe but can still interfere with daily routines.
When should you get evaluated? According to the CDC, persistent or worsening back pain—especially if accompanied by numbness, weakness, fever, or unexplained weight loss—should be assessed by a healthcare provider. These symptoms could indicate nerve involvement, infection, or another underlying issue that requires prompt attention. Early evaluation allows for targeted treatment and helps maintain your quality of life while on GLP-1 therapy.

49. Joint Pain

Joint pain is another musculoskeletal complaint that has surfaced among some users of Ozempic and other GLP-1 drugs. Patients often describe aching or stiffness in the knees, wrists, or fingers, sometimes developing soon after starting the medication. These symptoms can be mild and fleeting, or in some cases, more persistent and bothersome, affecting daily activities and mobility.
Real-world examples include people reporting joint discomfort during rapid weight loss or after periods of dehydration, which can impact joint lubrication and overall tissue health. According to the Arthritis Foundation, it’s important to distinguish medication-induced joint pain from chronic arthritis. While arthritis pain is typically linked to inflammation and joint damage, GLP-1-related joint aches may be more related to metabolic shifts or temporary imbalances.
How can you tell the difference? If joint pain is new, starts soon after medication changes, or is accompanied by other side effects like muscle aches or fatigue, it could be medication-related. Persistent swelling, redness, or heat in the joints should prompt an evaluation, as should pain that interferes with daily function or does not improve over time.

50. Risk of Suicidal Thoughts

In late 2023, the FDA issued a warning about the potential risk of suicidal thoughts and behaviors in people taking GLP-1 drugs like Ozempic. Although this side effect appears to be rare, it has prompted increased monitoring and caution—especially for individuals with a personal or family history of depression, anxiety, or other psychiatric disorders. The warning comes after reports of mood changes, self-harm ideation, and even suicide attempts in some patients using these medications for diabetes or weight loss.
High-risk populations include those with a history of mental illness, previous suicidal behavior, or significant life stressors that may be exacerbated by rapid metabolic changes or medication side effects. According to the FDA, it’s crucial to monitor for warning signs such as new or worsening depression, withdrawal from loved ones, or expressions of hopelessness.
Urgent action steps: If you or someone you know develops suicidal thoughts or behaviors while on a GLP-1 drug, seek immediate help by contacting a mental health professional or the 988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline. Open communication with your healthcare provider and loved ones is essential for safe, ongoing care while using these medications.

Conclusion

The growing use of Ozempic and similar GLP-1 drugs brings both promise and responsibility. While many find these medications transformative, it’s vital to recognize subtle and serious side effects—from digestive issues to mood shifts and rare emergencies. Regular monitoring, honest self-assessment, and proactive communication with your healthcare provider are essential for safe and effective long-term use.
Don’t ignore new or unusual symptoms; even subtle changes can signal something important. Open discussions and routine check-ins help tailor treatment and catch concerns early. For those on these therapies, staying informed and engaged with your care team is the best way to protect your health and maximize the benefits of modern metabolic medicine.

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