Signs of Lupus Symptoms You Should Never Ignore

Lupus is a chronic autoimmune disease that can affect various parts of the body, including the skin, joints, kidneys, heart, and brain. It’s often referred to as “the great imitator” because its symptoms mimic those of other conditions, making diagnosis difficult. Early recognition of lupus symptoms is crucial for managing the disease and preventing organ damage. In this article, we’ll explore 20 warning signs of lupus that should never be ignored, with detailed explanations for each.

20. Fatigue

Fatigue is one of the most common symptoms of lupus, affecting up to 90% of patients. Unlike normal tiredness, lupus-related fatigue can be overwhelming and persistent, impacting every aspect of daily life. It can make it difficult to perform basic tasks like working, exercising, or even socializing, leading to feelings of frustration or isolation. This fatigue may also interfere with concentration, memory, and cognitive function, often referred to as “brain fog.”

You can spot lupus-related fatigue if you feel constantly tired, even after a full night’s sleep or a period of rest. If this exhaustion prevents you from doing your usual activities or seems disproportionate to your level of exertion, it could be a sign of lupus-related inflammation affecting your energy levels.

19. Joint Pain and Swelling

Joint pain and swelling are hallmark symptoms of lupus and can significantly affect your ability to move and function. The pain is typically felt in the hands, wrists, knees, and feet, but any joint can be affected. This inflammation can make everyday activities like walking, gripping objects, or even typing painful. Over time, repeated joint inflammation can cause long-term damage, leading to stiffness or deformities.

You may notice joint pain and swelling that worsens in the morning and improves as the day progresses. Unlike arthritis, lupus-related joint pain is often symmetrical, affecting both sides of the body equally. If you experience joint pain that persists for more than a few days or becomes more severe over time, it’s important to consider lupus as a potential cause.

18. Butterfly Rash (Malar Rash)

A butterfly-shaped rash that spreads across the cheeks and the bridge of the nose is a classic sign of lupus. Known as a malar rash, it typically appears or worsens after sun exposure, as people with lupus are often highly sensitive to ultraviolet light. This rash can be embarrassing or distressing for patients, especially since it affects the face and can be difficult to hide. While it is usually painless, it may cause slight discomfort or itching.

You can spot this rash by its distinct shape, resembling a butterfly. It may appear red or purplish and can flare up after spending time in the sun. If you notice this rash, particularly if it’s accompanied by other lupus symptoms, it’s important to seek medical attention.

17. Hair Loss

Hair loss in lupus patients often occurs due to inflammation of the skin or scalp, which can damage hair follicles. This hair loss can be patchy or more diffuse, leading to thinning hair all over the head. For some, this can be emotionally distressing, affecting self-esteem and confidence. In more severe cases, permanent hair loss may occur, especially if scarring of the scalp is involved.

You may recognize lupus-related hair loss if your hair starts thinning or falling out in patches without a clear cause. If the hair loss is accompanied by scalp irritation, redness, or other lupus symptoms like fatigue or joint pain, it could be related to the disease.

16. Sensitivity to Sunlight

Photosensitivity, or sensitivity to sunlight, is a common symptom of lupus. Exposure to UV light can trigger skin rashes, including the malar rash, and can also cause or worsen other lupus symptoms like fatigue, joint pain, or headaches. For many lupus patients, even short periods of sun exposure can lead to flare-ups, making outdoor activities challenging. This can affect your ability to enjoy outdoor hobbies, attend events, or even run errands.

You can spot photosensitivity if you notice that your symptoms worsen after sun exposure, or if you develop skin rashes, itching, or redness after being in the sun. If sun sensitivity is persistent, it’s important to take protective measures like wearing sunscreen and protective clothing.

15. Fever

Low-grade fevers without any clear cause are a common sign of lupus. These fevers are often a result of inflammation or infection triggered by the immune system attacking healthy tissues. While the fever may not be high enough to warrant immediate concern, its persistence can be a sign of an underlying issue. This recurring symptom can leave patients feeling weak, tired, and unwell.

You may notice that you’re running a mild fever (99-101°F) without any signs of infection, like a cold or the flu. If these low-grade fevers occur regularly or last for several days, it may be an indication that lupus is at play.

14. Chest Pain or Shortness of Breath

Lupus can cause inflammation of the lining of the lungs (pleuritis) or the heart (pericarditis), leading to sharp chest pain and difficulty breathing. This pain often worsens with deep breaths or physical activity. In severe cases, lupus can lead to fluid buildup around the lungs or heart, making it difficult to breathe and requiring immediate medical attention. This symptom can be particularly alarming and interfere with daily activities, as any exertion may lead to discomfort or shortness of breath.

If you experience chest pain that feels sharp or stabbing, especially when breathing deeply, it’s important to seek medical attention, as lupus may be affecting your heart or lungs. Shortness of breath that seems out of proportion to your level of activity could also be a warning sign.

13. Kidney Problems (Lupus Nephritis)

Lupus nephritis, or inflammation of the kidneys, is one of the more serious complications of lupus. It can lead to kidney damage or failure if left untreated. Symptoms of lupus nephritis include swelling in the legs, feet, or around the eyes, as well as dark or foamy urine and high blood pressure. This can significantly impact daily life, as kidney problems often lead to fatigue, fluid retention, and frequent urination.

You may recognize kidney involvement if you notice swelling in your legs or ankles, frequent urination, or changes in your urine, such as blood or foam. If these symptoms are present along with other signs of lupus, it’s essential to seek medical evaluation, as early treatment can prevent permanent damage to the kidneys.

12. Mouth or Nose Ulcers

Mouth or nose ulcers are a common yet often overlooked symptom of lupus. These ulcers are typically painless and may go unnoticed for a while, but they can become bothersome if they recur frequently. For some, mouth ulcers make it difficult to eat, talk, or brush their teeth, while nose ulcers can lead to discomfort or nosebleeds.

You may spot these ulcers as small, whitish sores inside the mouth or along the gums, or as irritated spots inside the nose. If these ulcers appear repeatedly and without an obvious cause, they could be a sign of lupus.

11. Cognitive Issues (“Lupus Fog”)

Lupus can affect the brain and nervous system, leading to cognitive issues like memory problems, difficulty concentrating, and confusion. This is often referred to as “lupus fog.” It can make everyday tasks like remembering appointments, staying organized, or focusing on work more challenging. For those with lupus, cognitive dysfunction can be incredibly frustrating and may interfere with their ability to lead a productive life.

You may recognize lupus fog if you frequently forget things, struggle to focus, or feel mentally cloudy, even when you’re well-rested. If these cognitive issues are persistent or worsening, they may be related to lupus, especially when accompanied by other symptoms.

10. Weight Loss or Gain

Unexplained weight loss or gain is another potential symptom of lupus. Weight loss may occur due to decreased appetite, digestive issues, or inflammation, while weight gain is often related to fluid retention caused by kidney problems or medication side effects. Significant weight fluctuations can impact energy levels, self-esteem, and overall health.

If you notice a sudden, unexplained change in your weight, it’s important to consider lupus as a potential cause, especially if other symptoms like fatigue, joint pain, or kidney issues are present.

9. Swollen Lymph Nodes

Swollen lymph nodes can occur in people with lupus as a result of inflammation or infection. The lymph nodes, particularly in the neck, armpits, or groin, may become tender and swollen, often during lupus flare-ups. Swollen lymph nodes can cause discomfort and may lead to feelings of being unwell, adding to the overall sense of fatigue and weakness often associated with lupus.

You may spot this symptom by noticing lumps or tenderness in the areas where lymph nodes are located, particularly during periods of increased lupus activity. If swollen lymph nodes persist or are accompanied by other lupus symptoms like fever, joint pain, or fatigue, it could be a sign of a lupus flare-up or infection.

8. Raynaud’s Phenomenon (Cold Fingers or Toes)

Raynaud’s phenomenon, a condition in which the fingers and toes turn white or blue in response to cold or stress, is common in people with lupus. This occurs because lupus affects blood circulation, causing spasms in the blood vessels of the hands and feet. These color changes can be uncomfortable, often accompanied by numbness or tingling, and can make daily tasks like typing, writing, or gripping objects difficult. In severe cases, Raynaud’s can cause ulcers or sores on the fingertips.

This symptom is easily spotted by the distinct color changes in the fingers or toes when exposed to cold or during periods of stress. If you notice these changes frequently, especially if accompanied by numbness or pain, it could be related to lupus.

7. Dry Eyes and Mouth (Sjögren’s Syndrome)

Many people with lupus develop symptoms of Sjögren’s syndrome, a condition that causes dryness in the eyes and mouth. This occurs when the immune system attacks the glands that produce moisture. Dry eyes can lead to irritation, a gritty feeling, or blurred vision, while dry mouth can cause difficulty swallowing, talking, or an increased risk of tooth decay and infections. These symptoms can interfere with daily life, making it harder to focus on tasks or enjoy food and drinks.

You can spot Sjögren’s symptoms if you frequently experience dry, irritated eyes or wake up with a parched mouth. If these symptoms persist or worsen, they may be related to lupus, and it’s important to seek medical advice to prevent complications like infections.

6. Headaches or Migraines

Lupus can cause chronic headaches or migraines, which can be triggered by inflammation in the blood vessels of the brain (cerebral vasculitis) or the general autoimmune activity of the disease. These headaches can be debilitating, affecting your ability to concentrate, work, or engage in daily activities. In some cases, they may be accompanied by other neurological symptoms like confusion, dizziness, or visual disturbances.

You may recognize this symptom if you experience frequent, intense headaches that are difficult to treat with over-the-counter medications. If the headaches are paired with other signs of lupus, such as fatigue, joint pain, or cognitive issues, it’s worth discussing with a healthcare provider to explore possible lupus involvement.

5. Digestive Issues

Lupus can affect the digestive system, leading to symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, or abdominal pain. These digestive issues can occur due to inflammation in the digestive tract or side effects of lupus medications. Chronic digestive problems can lead to weight loss, nutrient deficiencies, and overall discomfort, making it difficult to maintain a healthy diet or enjoy meals.

You may notice this symptom if you frequently experience stomach pain, bloating, or changes in bowel habits without an obvious cause like diet changes. If digestive issues are accompanied by other lupus symptoms like joint pain, rashes, or fatigue, they could be related to the disease.

4. Seizures or Strokes

In rare but serious cases, lupus can cause seizures or strokes due to inflammation in the brain or blood vessels. These neurological complications can be life-threatening and require immediate medical attention. Seizures may present as uncontrollable muscle movements, loss of consciousness, or confusion, while strokes may cause sudden weakness, numbness, or difficulty speaking.

You can spot this symptom if you or someone else experiences a sudden seizure or signs of a stroke, such as drooping on one side of the face, difficulty speaking, or weakness in the arms or legs. If these symptoms occur, seek emergency medical help immediately, as they could be signs of severe lupus-related complications.

3. High Blood Pressure

Lupus can cause high blood pressure, especially when the kidneys are affected (lupus nephritis). High blood pressure often develops without noticeable symptoms but can lead to serious health complications, including heart disease, stroke, or kidney damage. This symptom can increase the risk of cardiovascular issues in people with lupus, especially if it’s not managed properly.

You may recognize this symptom if your blood pressure readings are consistently elevated during check-ups. If high blood pressure is paired with other lupus symptoms, such as swelling in the legs or kidney issues, it could be a sign of lupus nephritis or cardiovascular involvement.

2. Blood Clots

Lupus increases the risk of developing blood clots, a condition known as antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). Blood clots can form in the veins or arteries and lead to life-threatening complications like deep vein thrombosis (DVT), pulmonary embolism, or stroke. Blood clots can cause pain, swelling, or redness in the affected area, particularly in the legs, and can interfere with normal circulation.

You can spot this symptom by watching for swelling, pain, or redness in the legs, especially if one leg is more affected than the other. If you experience sudden shortness of breath, chest pain, or symptoms of a stroke, these could be signs of a blood clot and require immediate medical attention.

1. Anemia or Low Blood Count

Anemia, or a low red blood cell count, is common in people with lupus. This occurs when the body doesn’t produce enough red blood cells, or the immune system destroys them. Anemia can lead to fatigue, weakness, dizziness, or shortness of breath, and can interfere with your ability to perform daily tasks. In some cases, lupus can also cause a low white blood cell or platelet count, increasing the risk of infections or bleeding.

You may recognize anemia by feeling unusually tired or weak, even after a good night’s sleep. If you experience dizziness, shortness of breath, or pale skin along with other lupus symptoms, it’s important to have your blood count checked.