That Gut Feeling After 60? Your Body’s Trying to Tell You Something – Page 22

1. Slower Digestion

As we age, our digestive system naturally slows down. This process, known as reduced gut motility, happens because the muscles lining the digestive tract lose strength and elasticity over time. Compared to younger adults, older individuals may notice their food moves more slowly through the intestines. This sluggish movement can lead to uncomfortable symptoms such as bloating, constipation, and a feeling of fullness that lingers long after eating. You might find yourself needing to adjust your diet or routine to feel comfortable.

For many, constipation becomes a chronic concern after 60. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, constipation affects nearly twice as many older adults compared to their younger counterparts. Other signs to watch for include excessive gas, abdominal discomfort, or a noticeable change in bowel habits. While an occasional episode is normal, persistent symptoms can indicate that your digestive system is having trouble keeping up.

Recognizing these changes early is key. Listening to your body’s signals, especially when you notice a shift from your usual digestive patterns, can help you take action before these issues become more serious.

2. Changes in Gut Microbiome

Your digestive system is home to trillions of bacteria, collectively known as the gut microbiome. As we age, this delicate community undergoes significant changes. Levels of beneficial bacteria often decline, while harmful bacteria may increase, disrupting the balance that keeps our gut healthy. This shift doesn’t just affect digestion—it can weaken immune function as well. Older adults may notice more frequent infections or find it harder to recover from illness as a result of these microbiome changes.

Research from the National Institutes of Health highlights that a less diverse gut microbiome can contribute to inflammation and a drop in overall immune defenses. Even subtle alterations in gut bacteria can impact energy, mood, and nutrient absorption.

To help maintain a healthy gut, many experts recommend incorporating probiotic-rich foods such as yogurt, kefir, sauerkraut, and kimchi. These foods support the growth of beneficial bacteria and can help restore balance in the digestive system. Regularly enjoying these foods may make a noticeable difference in how you feel—both physically and mentally.

3. Decreased Stomach Acid

As we get older, our stomachs tend to produce less acid—a condition called hypochlorhydria. This decline is common after age 60, and it can have far-reaching effects on digestive health. Stomach acid is essential for breaking down food and absorbing important nutrients like vitamin B12, calcium, and iron. When acid levels drop, your body may struggle to extract these nutrients, putting you at risk for deficiencies that can sap your energy and weaken your bones.

According to the National Institutes of Health, low stomach acid is a major reason why older adults often experience poor absorption of vitamins and minerals. Common symptoms include frequent indigestion, heartburn, or a feeling of food “sitting” in the stomach. Sometimes, these signs are mistaken for other conditions or simply dismissed as a normal part of aging.

It’s important to monitor symptoms like bloating, discomfort after eating, or unexplained fatigue. If you notice these issues persist, consider speaking with your healthcare provider. Simple dietary tweaks or supplements, guided by medical advice, can help restore balance and promote better nutrient absorption.

4. Increased Risk of Polyps

With advancing age, the risk of developing colon polyps rises significantly. Polyps are small growths on the inner lining of the colon or rectum. While most are benign, some can develop into colon cancer over time. According to data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the likelihood of detecting polyps during a colonoscopy increases steadily after age 50, making regular screening especially important beyond 60.

Colonoscopy studies reveal that up to 40% of adults over 60 may have at least one polyp discovered during routine screenings. These numbers highlight why it’s so vital not to skip regular colonoscopies or other recommended tests. Polyps often cause no symptoms, so early detection is the best defense against more serious disease.

Your healthcare provider can advise you on the right screening schedule based on your personal and family history. Staying proactive with these checkups could prevent complications and offer peace of mind. Remember, most colon polyps are treatable if found early—making regular screenings a critical step in protecting your digestive health after 60.

5. Constipation Becomes Common

Constipation is a frequent complaint among adults over 60. As the digestive system slows with age, the colon absorbs more water from waste, making stools harder and more difficult to pass. But aging isn’t the only reason for increased constipation. Many medications commonly prescribed in later life—such as pain relievers, antidepressants, and blood pressure drugs—can have constipation as a side effect. According to the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, over 30% of older adults experience constipation regularly, often due to a combination of physiological changes and medication.

Hydration plays a critical role in keeping the digestive tract moving smoothly. Older adults sometimes have a diminished sense of thirst, leading to lower fluid intake and further compounding the problem. A lack of dietary fiber—found in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains—also makes constipation more likely.

To help prevent constipation, make it a point to drink water throughout the day and include fiber-rich foods at every meal. If you notice persistent constipation, speak to your doctor about medication alternatives or simple lifestyle adjustments that could ease your symptoms and improve your comfort.

6. Diverticulosis Risk Rises

After 60, the chances of developing diverticulosis—small pouches that form in the wall of the colon—rise sharply. These pouches, called diverticula, usually appear in weakened areas of the colon and are often found during routine colonoscopies. According to the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, diverticulosis affects more than half of adults over 60, making it one of the most common age-related digestive conditions.

Most people with diverticulosis have no symptoms, but when symptoms occur, they may include cramps, bloating, or mild abdominal pain. In some cases, diverticula can become inflamed or infected—a complication known as diverticulitis—which may lead to severe abdominal discomfort, fever, or changes in bowel habits.

If you experience persistent or unexplained abdominal pain, don’t ignore it. Discussing these symptoms with your doctor is crucial, as early diagnosis and management can prevent more serious complications. Simple dietary changes, such as increasing fiber intake, may help reduce the risk of diverticulitis and support overall colon health as you age.

7. More Sensitive to Lactose

It’s common for adults over 60 to become more sensitive to lactose, the sugar found in milk and dairy products. This happens because the body gradually makes less of the enzyme lactase, which is needed to digest lactose efficiently. As lactase production drops, even people who enjoyed dairy their whole lives might start experiencing symptoms like bloating, gas, cramps, or diarrhea after consuming milk, ice cream, or cheese.

For example, some people notice they can no longer finish a glass of milk without discomfort, while others react only to specific dairy foods. According to the American Gastroenterological Association, lactose intolerance becomes more prevalent with age, particularly in certain ethnic groups.

If you find yourself feeling unwell after meals featuring dairy, it might be time to try lactose-free alternatives like almond milk, lactose-free cow’s milk, or hard cheeses (which tend to be lower in lactose). Experimenting with different dairy products or using lactase supplements can help you enjoy your favorite foods without the uncomfortable symptoms.

8. Slower Healing of the Gut Lining

Gut Health With Probiotics Cancer — A vibrant bowl of nourishing foods rich in nutrients sits beside an illustration of a healthy, healing gut lining. | Generated by Google Gemini

As we age, the cells that line our digestive tract regenerate more slowly. This slower cell turnover means that any irritation or injury to the gut lining—such as inflammation from infection, medications, or even spicy foods—takes longer to heal than it would in younger adults. Recovery from stomach bugs, ulcers, or other gastrointestinal upsets can stretch out for weeks instead of days.

The National Institutes of Health notes that this delayed healing increases the risk of chronic digestive discomfort and can make older adults more vulnerable to complications. Where a younger person might bounce back quickly from mild gut irritation, older adults may experience prolonged symptoms and slower recovery.

During periods of recovery, it’s especially important to focus on gentle nutrition. Opt for easy-to-digest foods like bananas, rice, applesauce, and toast (the BRAT diet), and avoid irritants such as caffeine, alcohol, and fried foods. Staying hydrated and nourishing your body with soothing options can help your gut lining mend and prevent further setbacks.

9. Higher Risk of GI Infections

As you age, your gut’s immune defenses aren’t as robust as they once were. The digestive tract is a critical part of the immune system, with specialized cells and beneficial bacteria working together to fend off pathogens. Over time, these defenses weaken, making it easier for harmful bacteria and viruses to take hold. This is one reason why older adults are at greater risk for gastrointestinal (GI) infections and foodborne illnesses.

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reports that food poisoning is not only more common in adults over 65, but also more likely to lead to severe complications such as dehydration or hospitalization. Even foods that were once tolerated without issue—like undercooked eggs or deli meats—can pose new risks due to a less responsive immune system.

To protect yourself, practice food safety vigilance: wash hands and surfaces often, cook foods to safe temperatures, and avoid foods past their expiration date. Being extra cautious with food storage and preparation can greatly reduce your risk of GI infections and keep your digestive system healthier as you age.

10. Greater Sensitivity to Medications

With age, the digestive system processes medications differently. Changes in gut lining, reduced stomach acid, and slower intestinal movement all influence how drugs are absorbed and tolerated. Older adults are particularly prone to side effects, especially when taking multiple prescriptions. One major concern is nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as ibuprofen or naproxen, which are known to irritate the gut lining and increase the risk of ulcers or bleeding.

According to the U.S. Food & Drug Administration, aging bodies are more susceptible to gastrointestinal side effects from common medications, including heartburn, diarrhea, constipation, and even more serious complications. Drug interactions can also become problematic, as the body’s ability to break down and clear medications changes over time.

It’s wise to have regular medication reviews with your healthcare provider or pharmacist. These reviews can help identify drugs that may be causing digestive problems or could be replaced with less irritating alternatives. Never stop or change a medication without consulting your doctor, but always speak up if a new or existing drug is causing gut discomfort.

11. Malabsorption of Nutrients

As we grow older, our digestive system can struggle to absorb essential vitamins and minerals from food. This malabsorption may be due to decreased stomach acid, slower gut motility, or changes in the gut lining. Key nutrients affected often include vitamin B12, calcium, iron, and vitamin D—each vital for energy, bone health, and immune function.

Vitamin B12 deficiency is especially common in adults over 60. The stomach produces less acid needed to release B12 from food, leading to fatigue, memory problems, and even numbness or tingling in the hands and feet. According to the National Institutes of Health Office of Dietary Supplements, up to 20% of older adults have some degree of B12 deficiency.

Other symptoms of nutrient malabsorption can include brittle nails, unexplained weight loss, muscle weakness, or persistent fatigue. If you’re experiencing any of these signs, it’s important to talk to your doctor about blood tests or dietary adjustments. Sometimes, supplements or fortified foods are needed to help maintain optimal nutrition as the body’s ability to absorb nutrients changes with age.

12. Appetite Changes

Aging often brings about noticeable shifts in appetite. Hormonal changes—such as decreased production of ghrelin, the “hunger hormone,” and increased sensitivity to hormones that signal fullness—can make older adults feel less hungry than they did in their younger years. In addition, changes in taste and smell, as well as certain medications, can dull the desire to eat or alter food preferences.

Compared to earlier decades, many people over 60 find their appetite is smaller or less predictable. This can sometimes lead to skipping meals or eating less nutrient-dense foods, which may impact overall health and energy levels. The National Institutes of Health notes that reduced appetite is a common cause of unintended weight loss and malnutrition in older adults.

Practicing mindful eating can help. Focus on regular meal times, choose foods you enjoy, and aim for a variety of textures and flavors to keep eating pleasurable. If a lack of appetite persists or leads to weight loss, consult your doctor to rule out underlying health issues and to discuss strategies for maintaining balanced nutrition.

13. Increased Flatulence

With age, many people notice an uptick in flatulence—or passing gas. This is often due to changes in the way the gut processes food. Slower digestion and shifts in the gut microbiome can lead to more bacterial fermentation in the colon. When food isn’t fully broken down in the small intestine, bacteria in the large intestine work harder, producing more gas as a byproduct.

For many older adults, this can cause social discomfort or embarrassment, especially if gas is accompanied by bloating or abdominal cramps. Certain foods—like beans, cabbage, onions, and carbonated drinks—are well-known culprits, but sensitivity can increase with age.

To manage increased flatulence, consider keeping a food diary to track which foods trigger symptoms. Gradually introduce fiber-rich foods to help your gut adapt, and try eating smaller meals more frequently. Limiting artificial sweeteners and chewing food thoroughly can also reduce gas production. If excessive flatulence persists or is accompanied by other symptoms, consult your healthcare provider to rule out underlying digestive issues. For more tips, visit the Mayo Clinic.

14. Delayed Gastric Emptying

As the digestive system ages, food often moves more slowly from the stomach to the small intestine—a condition known as delayed gastric emptying or gastroparesis. This slowdown can cause you to feel full after just a few bites, even if you haven’t eaten much. People often report a sense of heaviness, nausea, or bloating after meals, sometimes leading to reduced appetite or skipped meals altogether.

According to the Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, delayed gastric emptying is more common as we age, particularly in those managing chronic conditions such as diabetes. Symptoms can vary from mild discomfort to more pronounced digestive disruptions, affecting nutrition and quality of life.

To ease symptoms, consider adjusting your meal timing and portion sizes. Eating smaller, more frequent meals and allowing extra time for digestion can help reduce fullness and discomfort. Choosing softer, easily digestible foods and avoiding high-fat or high-fiber meals may also make eating more pleasant. If symptoms persist or worsen, consult your doctor to explore additional strategies or medical treatments.

15. Gallstones

Gallstones are hardened deposits of digestive fluid that form in the gallbladder, a small organ beneath the liver. These stones can develop when bile contains too much cholesterol or bilirubin, or when the gallbladder doesn’t empty efficiently. Older adults are at a higher risk of gallstone formation due to changes in bile composition and slower gallbladder motility as we age.

The National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases estimates that gallstones affect up to 20% of people over the age of 65, making it a common issue for seniors. While many gallstones cause no symptoms, they can sometimes block the ducts of the biliary system, leading to sudden and severe upper abdominal pain, especially after fatty meals.

Other symptoms to watch for include nausea, vomiting, or pain that radiates to the back or right shoulder. If you experience these symptoms, especially if they persist or are accompanied by fever or jaundice, seek medical attention promptly. Early diagnosis and treatment can prevent complications like infection or inflammation of the gallbladder.

16. Pancreatic Enzyme Decline

As we age, the pancreas may produce fewer digestive enzymes—substances essential for breaking down fats, proteins, and carbohydrates. This reduced enzyme production can make it harder for your body to digest certain foods, particularly those high in fat. When fat isn’t properly digested, it can pass through the intestines undigested, resulting in greasy, pale, or foul-smelling stools, a condition known as steatorrhea.

The National Pancreas Foundation explains that exocrine pancreatic insufficiency is more common in older adults, especially those with chronic pancreatitis or diabetes. Symptoms can include bloating, abdominal discomfort, and unintended weight loss, as the body struggles to absorb fat-soluble vitamins like A, D, E, and K.

If you notice persistent greasy stools or unexplained digestive symptoms, it’s important to seek medical advice. Your doctor may recommend enzyme supplements or dietary changes to compensate for reduced pancreatic function. Early intervention can improve nutrient absorption, reduce discomfort, and help maintain a healthy digestive system well into your later years.

17. Weaker Intestinal Muscles

Just as muscles throughout the body tend to weaken with age, so do the smooth muscles lining the intestines. This muscle atrophy slows the rhythmic contractions—known as peristalsis—that move food and waste through the digestive tract. The result can be sluggish digestion, increased constipation, and a greater risk of blockages or discomfort after meals.

Muscle loss in the intestines is similar to the general decline in muscle mass, or sarcopenia, that many older adults experience. According to the National Institutes of Health, physical inactivity accelerates this decline, while regular movement helps maintain muscle tone, even within the gut.

Incorporating gentle physical activity—such as walking, yoga, or light stretching—into your daily routine can stimulate intestinal muscles and promote regular bowel movements. Staying active not only supports digestive health but also benefits overall mobility, mood, and independence. If you’re unsure where to start, consult with your healthcare provider for exercise recommendations tailored to your needs and abilities.

18. Higher Colon Cancer Risk

Age is one of the strongest risk factors for colorectal cancer. The vast majority of cases are diagnosed in people over 50, with risk rising steadily each decade. According to the American Cancer Society, about 90% of new colorectal cancer cases occur in individuals aged 50 and older, making routine screening vitally important for older adults.

Colorectal cancer often begins as small, benign polyps in the colon or rectum that can become cancerous over time. Symptoms can be subtle or absent in the early stages, which is why regular screening is so crucial. Early detection through tests like colonoscopy, stool tests, or flexible sigmoidoscopy dramatically increases the chances of successful treatment and survival.

Current guidelines recommend most adults begin colorectal cancer screening at age 45, but your doctor may advise an earlier or more frequent schedule based on personal or family risk factors. If you notice changes in bowel habits, blood in your stool, or unexplained weight loss, seek medical evaluation promptly. Prioritizing screening is one of the most effective ways to protect your health as you age.

19. Hemorrhoids

Toilet paper with hemorrhoids and paper with blood on blue backg — Toilet paper with Hemorrhoids and paper with blood on blue background, close up

Hemorrhoids—swollen veins in the lower rectum or anus—are increasingly common as we age. Weakened connective tissue, reduced muscle tone, and increased pressure from chronic constipation all make older adults more susceptible. Spending long periods sitting, straining during bowel movements, or living with chronic constipation can further increase the likelihood of developing hemorrhoids.

For example, chronic constipation often leads to excessive straining in the bathroom, which can enlarge and irritate these delicate blood vessels. The Mayo Clinic notes that more than half of adults over 50 have experienced hemorrhoids at some point, making it a widespread concern in later life.

To help prevent hemorrhoids, focus on staying hydrated and eating a fiber-rich diet to promote regular, soft stools. Regular physical activity can also support healthy bowel function. Avoid straining and try not to sit for prolonged periods on the toilet. If hemorrhoids develop, gentle care and over-the-counter remedies can ease discomfort, but persistent symptoms should be discussed with your healthcare provider.

20. Slower Transit Time

As the body ages, the gut’s ability to move waste through the digestive tract—known as transit time—naturally slows down. This means it takes longer for food to travel from the stomach, through the intestines, and eventually out of the body. Compared to younger adults, older individuals may notice less frequent bowel movements, or stools that are harder and more difficult to pass.

This slower transit is partly due to changes in intestinal muscle strength and a decrease in nerve signaling that coordinates peristalsis. According to the National Institutes of Health, average gut transit times can increase by several hours—or even days—as we get older, contributing to discomfort and a higher risk of constipation.

Maintaining adequate hydration is one of the simplest and most effective ways to counteract slower transit time. Drinking enough water softens stool and helps the digestive system work more efficiently. Pairing hydration with regular physical activity and a fiber-rich diet can support healthy transit and keep you feeling comfortable day to day.

21. Greater Sensitivity to Spicy Foods

As we age, the lining of the digestive tract becomes thinner and more delicate, making it easier for spicy foods to cause irritation. What once was a favorite hot dish may suddenly trigger heartburn, indigestion, or a burning sensation in the stomach. This increased sensitivity is a common experience for older adults, often leading to discomfort after meals that once caused no trouble at all.

For example, many people over 60 report that even moderate amounts of chili, hot sauce, or pepper can result in abdominal pain or acid reflux. According to the Harvard Health Publishing, sensitivity to spicy foods is a leading cause of gastroesophageal reflux symptoms in older adults.

If you notice these changes, you don’t have to sacrifice flavor. Try experimenting with milder seasonings such as fresh herbs, lemon juice, or flavorful spices like cumin and turmeric, which are less likely to irritate the gut. Gradually adjusting your recipes can help you enjoy your meals while minimizing digestive discomfort.

22. Food Allergies May Develop

It’s a common misconception that food allergies only develop in childhood. In reality, late-onset food allergies can appear for the first time in adulthood, including after age 60. The immune system changes with age, sometimes becoming overreactive to foods that were previously tolerated without issue.

For example, someone who’s always enjoyed shellfish might suddenly experience hives, swelling, or digestive upset after eating shrimp or crab. Similarly, reactions to foods like nuts, eggs, or wheat can emerge later in life and may be mistaken for common indigestion or an upset stomach. According to the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology, adult-onset food allergies are increasingly recognized by medical professionals.

If you experience sudden or recurring symptoms like rash, swelling, trouble breathing, or severe stomach pain after eating certain foods, seek advice from an allergist. Timely diagnosis helps prevent serious reactions and allows you to adjust your diet safely and confidently as you age.

23. Decreased Thirst Sensation

As we get older, the body’s thirst mechanism becomes less sensitive. This means you may not feel thirsty even when your body needs more fluids. Reduced thirst cues can lead to mild or even severe dehydration before you realize it’s happening.

For instance, older adults might go hours without drinking water, especially if they’re less active or simply forget to drink. Dehydration can cause headaches, constipation, dizziness, and even confusion or difficulty concentrating. According to the Cleveland Clinic, dehydration is a common and potentially dangerous problem among seniors, especially during hot weather or illness.

To help prevent dehydration, make a habit of drinking fluids regularly throughout the day, regardless of whether you feel thirsty. Keep a water bottle nearby and sip often, or try herbal teas and water-rich foods like cucumber and watermelon. Routine fluid intake is one of the simplest and most powerful ways to support digestive health and overall well-being as you age.

24. Acid Reflux and GERD

With age, the band of muscle at the bottom of the esophagus—the lower esophageal sphincter—can weaken. This makes it easier for stomach acid to flow back up into the esophagus, causing the burning sensation we know as heartburn. For many older adults, these episodes become more frequent and persistent, sometimes developing into gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).

According to the American Gastroenterological Association, GERD is especially prevalent in people over 60 because of changes in muscle tone and delayed stomach emptying. Symptoms can include not just heartburn, but also regurgitation, difficulty swallowing, and chronic cough.

Lifestyle changes can help reduce acid reflux and GERD symptoms. Try eating smaller meals, avoiding food for several hours before bed, and limiting trigger foods like caffeine, chocolate, spicy dishes, and fatty meals. Elevating the head of your bed and maintaining a healthy weight can also make a significant difference. If symptoms persist, talk to your doctor about treatment options to protect your esophagus and improve comfort.

25. Poor Chewing and Swallowing

Dental health is closely linked to digestion, especially as we age. Missing teeth, ill-fitting dentures, or gum disease can make it difficult to chew food thoroughly, leading to larger pieces entering the digestive tract. This puts extra strain on your gut and can contribute to indigestion or even choking hazards.

Swallowing difficulties, or dysphagia, are also more common after 60. You might notice coughing, throat discomfort, or the sensation that food is “stuck” when you eat. According to the Mayo Clinic, these issues can be caused by age-related muscle weakness, neurological conditions, or dental problems.

To keep your digestive system running smoothly, prioritize routine dental check-ups and address any issues with chewing or dentures promptly. If you’re experiencing frequent swallowing difficulties, a healthcare provider or speech-language pathologist can recommend strategies or therapies. Proper oral care and timely attention to swallowing concerns are essential for both comfort and nutrition in your later years.

26. Iron Deficiency

Iron deficiency becomes more common with age, mainly due to the gut’s reduced ability to absorb iron from food. Factors such as decreased stomach acid, chronic inflammation, or medications that affect absorption can all contribute. This deficiency can leave you feeling fatigued, weak, or short of breath, and may also cause pale skin or brittle nails.

According to the Cleveland Clinic, iron deficiency anemia affects millions of older adults, sometimes going undetected until symptoms become bothersome. Regular blood tests can help identify low iron levels before they lead to significant issues.

To boost iron intake, incorporate iron-rich foods into your diet such as lean red meat, poultry, fish, beans, lentils, tofu, and leafy green vegetables like spinach. Pairing these foods with vitamin C-rich items—like citrus fruits or bell peppers—can enhance absorption. If you suspect iron deficiency or experience persistent fatigue, consult your healthcare provider for evaluation and tailored dietary or supplement recommendations.

27. Vitamin D Deficiency

Vitamin D deficiency is common in older adults, due to both poor absorption and less time spent in sunlight—the body’s natural way of making this crucial vitamin. As the gut ages, it becomes less efficient at absorbing vitamin D from food, while skin produces less vitamin D with sun exposure. This double challenge can leave many over 60 with insufficient levels for bone, immune, and muscle health.

Real-world studies show that up to 50% of seniors are deficient in vitamin D, according to data from the National Institutes of Health. This deficiency often goes unnoticed until it contributes to osteoporosis, muscle weakness, or increased risk of falls.

To address low levels, experts frequently recommend vitamin D supplements, especially for those who get little sun or have absorption issues. Dietary sources—such as fortified dairy, eggs, and fatty fish—can also help, but may not be enough for everyone. If you’re concerned about your vitamin D status, ask your healthcare provider about testing and safe, effective ways to maintain healthy levels.

28. Increased Sensitivity to Alcohol

As we age, the body’s ability to metabolize alcohol slows down. The liver and digestive system process alcohol less efficiently, causing it to remain in the bloodstream longer and amplifying its effects. This leads to an increased sensitivity to alcohol—meaning that even small amounts can cause symptoms like dizziness, confusion, or digestive upset.

Many older adults find their tolerance drops considerably. For example, a single glass of wine or beer may now lead to stronger effects than it did in earlier years, or cause prolonged hangovers and stomach irritation. According to the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, older adults are also more susceptible to medication interactions and dehydration from alcohol consumption.

Moderation is key: consider limiting yourself to one standard drink per day, and always check with your healthcare provider if you’re on medication or have health concerns. Opting for alcohol-free alternatives or enjoying drinks more slowly can help you socialize comfortably while protecting your digestive—and overall—health.

29. Greater Susceptibility to C. difficile

Older adults face a higher risk of infection with Clostridioides difficile (C. diff), especially after taking antibiotics. Antibiotics can disrupt the balance of healthy gut bacteria, allowing C. diff to thrive and release toxins that inflame the colon. This risk is particularly pronounced in those who have recently been hospitalized or are living in long-term care facilities.

For example, a hospital stay involving antibiotics can significantly increase the likelihood of developing C. diff infection. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, people aged 65 and older account for more than half of all C. diff infections and related deaths.

Warning signs include persistent watery diarrhea, abdominal pain, fever, and nausea—symptoms that can quickly escalate to serious illness or dehydration. If you or a loved one experience these signs after antibiotic treatment, seek prompt medical attention. Early diagnosis and intervention are critical, as C. diff can become life-threatening without proper treatment.

30. Decreased Bile Production

Bile is a digestive fluid produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder, playing a crucial role in breaking down fats and absorbing fat-soluble vitamins. As we age, bile production can decrease, making it harder to digest fatty foods efficiently. This change may result from age-related liver changes, gallbladder dysfunction, or previous gallbladder removal.

With less bile available, older adults may notice symptoms such as bloating, indigestion, or greasy, hard-to-flush stools after eating rich or fatty meals. Pale or clay-colored stools in particular may signal reduced bile flow or other underlying issues. According to the Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, persistent pale stools should always prompt a discussion with your healthcare provider, as they can indicate problems with the liver, bile ducts, or pancreas.

If you experience ongoing digestive symptoms or changes in stool color, seek medical advice for proper diagnosis and guidance. Treatment may include dietary adjustments or, in some cases, medications to improve fat digestion and support overall gut health as you age.

31. Fecal Incontinence

Fecal incontinence, or the involuntary loss of bowel control, becomes more common with age due to weakened pelvic muscles and changes in nerve function. Just as bladder incontinence often affects older adults, similar age-related changes can impact the rectal and anal muscles responsible for holding stool in place.

This condition can range from occasional leakage during activity to a frequent, urgent need to use the bathroom. It’s often linked to chronic constipation, nerve damage, or previous surgeries. According to the Mayo Clinic, fecal incontinence affects millions of older Americans, yet many are reluctant to discuss it with their doctors.

Pelvic floor exercises—such as Kegel exercises—can help strengthen the muscles that support both bladder and bowel control. Regular practice may reduce symptoms, improve confidence, and enhance overall quality of life. If you are experiencing issues with control, don’t hesitate to seek advice; effective therapies and strategies are available to help manage this sensitive but treatable problem.

32. Increased Risk of GI Bleeding

As we age, the blood vessels in our digestive tract can become more fragile and prone to injury. This increased vulnerability raises the risk of gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding, which can range from minor to life-threatening. Common causes include peptic ulcers, diverticulosis, and the use of medications that irritate the gut lining.

For example, older adults who take anticoagulants or blood thinners for heart disease or stroke prevention are at a higher risk of GI bleeding. These drugs, while essential for preventing clots, can make even small injuries in the gut bleed more easily. According to the Johns Hopkins Medicine, GI bleeding in seniors is a leading cause of hospital admissions.

If you notice bloody stools, black tarry stools, or vomiting blood, seek urgent medical attention. Prompt evaluation is critical, as GI bleeding can rapidly become serious, especially in older adults. Timely diagnosis and treatment can address the underlying cause and prevent complications—so never ignore these warning signs.

33. Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO)

Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth, or SIBO, occurs when there is an excessive growth of bacteria in the small intestine. This condition is more common in older adults due to slower gut motility and changes in digestive secretions. As bacteria accumulate, they interfere with nutrient absorption and produce gases that cause uncomfortable symptoms.

A classic sign of SIBO is chronic bloating that doesn’t improve with dietary changes. Other symptoms may include abdominal pain, diarrhea, flatulence, and even unintentional weight loss if nutrient absorption is compromised. According to the Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, SIBO can be mistaken for irritable bowel syndrome or other digestive disorders, making proper diagnosis important.

If you have persistent bloating, unexplained digestive changes, or symptoms that don’t respond to typical remedies, ask your healthcare provider about testing for SIBO. Simple breath tests can help confirm the diagnosis, and targeted antibiotic treatments are available to rebalance the gut and relieve symptoms.

34. Increased Risk of Anal Fissures

Anal fissures are small tears or cracks in the lining of the anus, often caused by passing hard or large stools. These tears can lead to sharp pain, bleeding, and discomfort during or after bowel movements. While commonly confused with hemorrhoids, anal fissures are a distinct condition with their own set of challenges for older adults.

With age, the tissues around the anus become less elastic and more prone to injury. Chronic constipation, which is more prevalent in seniors, increases the risk of developing fissures. Unlike hemorrhoids, which involve swollen blood vessels, fissures are breaks in the skin that can take time to heal and may recur if bowel habits do not improve.

Prevention is key: keeping stools soft and regular is the best way to reduce your risk. This can be achieved by staying hydrated, eating a fiber-rich diet, and using stool softeners when needed. According to the Mayo Clinic, prompt attention to symptoms and gentle care can help speed healing and prevent chronic discomfort.

35. Impaired Absorption of Calcium

As we age, the digestive system’s ability to absorb calcium from food naturally declines. Reduced stomach acid, changes in vitamin D metabolism, and certain medications all contribute to this decreased uptake. Without adequate calcium absorption, bones can lose density, increasing the risk of osteoporosis and fractures.

Osteoporosis is especially common in adults over 60, with women at even higher risk after menopause. Low calcium levels can silently weaken bones over time, leading to sudden breaks from minor falls or injuries. According to the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, maintaining sufficient calcium intake is essential for bone health as we grow older.

Dietary advice for older adults includes consuming calcium-rich foods such as dairy products, fortified plant-based milks, leafy greens, almonds, and tofu. Sometimes, calcium supplements are recommended, especially if dietary intake is low or absorption is impaired. Pairing calcium sources with vitamin D—either from food, sunlight, or supplements—can further enhance absorption and protect your skeletal health.

36. Difficulty Digesting Fatty Foods

With age, the body produces less bile and fewer digestive enzymes, making it harder to break down and absorb fats efficiently. This change can lead to difficulty digesting fatty foods, a problem that may become more noticeable after 60. When fats aren’t properly digested, they can pass through the intestines undigested, resulting in bloating, nausea, or greasy, foul-smelling stools.

For example, some older adults notice that meals containing fried foods, creamy sauces, or fatty meats cause discomfort or prompt urgent trips to the bathroom. According to the Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, fat malabsorption can also contribute to deficiencies in fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, and K).

To help, consider switching to low-fat food choices such as baked or grilled lean meats, low-fat dairy, and plenty of fruits and vegetables. Avoiding heavy, greasy foods can relieve symptoms and make meals more enjoyable. If you experience ongoing issues with fat digestion, consult your healthcare provider for further evaluation and personalized dietary recommendations.

37. More Pronounced Food Sensitivities

As the immune system changes with age, food sensitivities can become more pronounced and unpredictable. Unlike classic allergies, food sensitivities involve a non-immune reaction that can cause digestive problems, headaches, or fatigue after eating certain foods. These sensitivities may develop suddenly, even to foods you’ve enjoyed for decades.

For example, you might find that foods like tomatoes, citrus fruits, or wheat-based products now trigger bloating, cramps, or heartburn. These symptoms can be confusing, especially when no clear allergy is present. According to the Cleveland Clinic, food intolerances and sensitivities are frequently underdiagnosed in older adults.

If you suspect a food is causing digestive distress, consider trying an elimination trial: temporarily remove the suspected trigger from your diet and track your symptoms. Gradually reintroduce the food to see if symptoms return. This simple approach can help identify problem foods and guide you in making dietary choices that support your comfort and well-being.

38. Risk of Esophageal Disorders

The esophagus is responsible for moving food from the mouth to the stomach through coordinated muscular contractions. As we age, these esophageal motility patterns can become less effective, leading to sluggish or uncoordinated movement of food. This may contribute to sensations of food “sticking” in the chest, frequent heartburn, or even pain while swallowing.

Swallowing difficulties—known as dysphagia—often result from this age-related decline in esophageal function. The Johns Hopkins Medicine notes that esophageal disorders, such as achalasia or esophageal spasms, are more likely in older adults and can affect both nutrition and quality of life.

If you notice persistent issues swallowing, unexplained weight loss, or frequent regurgitation, it’s important to consult a specialist. A gastroenterologist can perform tests to diagnose esophageal disorders and recommend targeted treatments. Early medical evaluation is key to managing symptoms and ensuring safe, enjoyable eating as you age.

39. More Frequent Bowel Movement Changes

Bowel habits can naturally vary as we age, with changes in frequency, consistency, or color often linked to shifts in diet, medications, or hydration. For many older adults, these bowel movement changes are a normal part of life—especially when trying new foods, increasing fiber, or adjusting medication routines.

For example, adding more fruits and vegetables to your diet may result in softer stools or more frequent trips to the bathroom. Conversely, dehydration or low fiber intake can cause stools to become hard or infrequent. According to the Merck Manual, most mild changes are harmless and resolve with simple dietary or lifestyle tweaks.

However, it’s important to recognize when changes are a sign of something more serious. If you experience persistent diarrhea, constipation, blood in your stool, or unexplained weight loss, consult your doctor promptly. Early evaluation can help identify underlying digestive issues and ensure peace of mind as you adapt to the natural changes that come with aging.

40. Higher Prevalence of Peptic Ulcers

Peptic ulcers are open sores that develop on the inner lining of the stomach or upper small intestine. They form when the protective mucus layer is weakened, allowing stomach acid to irritate the tissue. Older adults are at higher risk for ulcers due to factors like decreased mucus production, increased use of certain medications, and age-related changes in gastric health.

A common example is the long-term use of NSAIDs (such as ibuprofen or aspirin), which can erode the stomach lining and trigger ulcer formation. According to the Johns Hopkins Medicine, peptic ulcers are especially prevalent in people over 60 and can sometimes go unnoticed until they cause complications.

Monitor for warning signs such as persistent stomach pain, nausea, bloating, or dark stools. If you experience these symptoms, especially if you’re on NSAIDs or have a history of ulcers, consult your doctor promptly. Early treatment and medication adjustments can help prevent serious complications like bleeding or perforation, keeping your digestive system resilient as you age.

41. Decreased Sensation of Fullness

Aging brings changes in the hormones that regulate hunger and satiety, such as leptin and cholecystokinin. These satiety hormones may become less responsive, making it harder for older adults to sense when they’re comfortably full. As a result, it’s easier to unintentionally overeat, especially during social gatherings or when eating quickly.

Compared to younger adults, seniors may not get the same clear signals to stop eating, despite consuming adequate portions. This can lead to weight gain, indigestion, or discomfort after meals. According to the National Institutes of Health, altered satiety cues are a common yet under-recognized issue in older populations.

To prevent overeating, practice portion awareness by serving smaller amounts and eating slowly. Pause between bites and check in with your body to assess hunger and fullness. Choosing high-fiber, protein-rich foods can also help promote lasting satiety. If you notice persistent issues with appetite regulation, consider speaking with a healthcare provider or dietitian for personalized strategies.

42. Greater Likelihood of Dehydration

Aging increases the risk of dehydration for several reasons: the body’s water content decreases, kidneys become less efficient at conserving fluids, and the thirst sensation often diminishes. These factors make it easier for older adults to become dehydrated, especially during illness or extreme heat.

For example, even a mild case of diarrhea can quickly lead to significant fluid loss in seniors, putting them at risk for dizziness, confusion, and kidney problems. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention warns that dehydration is a common cause of hospitalization among older adults and can also exacerbate existing health issues.

To counteract this risk, prioritize regular fluid intake—even if you don’t feel thirsty. Aim to drink water throughout the day and include hydrating foods such as soups, fruits, and vegetables in your diet. Monitor for signs of dehydration such as dry mouth, dark urine, or fatigue, and seek medical attention promptly if symptoms arise, especially during bouts of diarrhea or vomiting.

43. Higher Prevalence of Hiatal Hernia

A hiatal hernia occurs when a portion of the stomach pushes upward through the diaphragm into the chest cavity. This anatomical shift becomes more common with age, as tissues and muscles supporting the diaphragm weaken. Hiatal hernias can contribute to acid reflux and other digestive symptoms that may be mistaken for routine heartburn.

According to the Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, up to 60% of adults over the age of 60 have some degree of hiatal hernia, although many cases are small and symptom-free. However, larger hernias can cause persistent symptoms that interfere with eating and sleep.

Common symptoms include frequent heartburn, regurgitation of food or acid, chest pain, or difficulty swallowing. If you experience these problems regularly, especially if they don’t improve with standard heartburn remedies, consult your healthcare provider. Diagnosis is often simple, and treatment—ranging from lifestyle modifications to medication or surgery—can provide lasting relief and protect your digestive health.

44. Increased Prevalence of Celiac Disease

Celiac disease, an autoimmune disorder triggered by gluten, can develop at any age—including later in life. While often diagnosed in childhood or early adulthood, late-onset celiac disease is increasingly recognized among older adults. With age, the immune system may change in ways that increase susceptibility to gluten sensitivity and the resulting intestinal inflammation.

For example, unexplained weight loss, chronic diarrhea, bloating, or persistent fatigue in a senior may be overlooked or attributed to aging. However, these symptoms can be key signs of celiac disease. According to the Celiac Disease Foundation, a significant number of new celiac diagnoses are made in people over 60.

If you experience ongoing digestive discomfort or unexplained symptoms, ask your healthcare provider about testing for gluten sensitivity or celiac disease. A blood test and, if needed, a biopsy of the small intestine can confirm the diagnosis. Early identification and a gluten-free diet can dramatically improve symptoms and prevent long-term complications.

45. Slower Liver Metabolism

With age, the liver’s ability to metabolize substances—including medications, alcohol, and toxins—naturally slows down. This reduced liver function means drugs and other compounds may stay in the body longer, increasing the risk of side effects or toxicity. Older adults are more vulnerable to liver-related complications, especially if they take multiple prescriptions or have chronic health conditions.

For instance, medications that were once well-tolerated may now cause drowsiness, confusion, or digestive upset due to slower breakdown and clearance. According to the Merck Manual, age-related liver changes also affect how the body processes cholesterol, hormones, and nutrients.

Routine liver panel checks—simple blood tests that assess liver enzymes and function—are important for monitoring health as you age. If you notice symptoms like jaundice, abdominal swelling, persistent fatigue, or unexplained nausea, consult your healthcare provider. Regular monitoring can help catch problems early and guide safe medication use as liver metabolism changes over time.

46. Poorer Taste and Smell Affect Diet

As we age, the senses of taste and smell often diminish due to changes in taste buds, nasal nerve function, and even side effects from medications. These sensory changes can make food seem bland or unappealing, leading to a reduced appetite and less enjoyment during meals.

For example, someone who once loved spicy or aromatic dishes may now find them less flavorful, which can result in eating smaller portions or skipping meals altogether. The National Institute on Aging notes that this loss of taste and smell is a common contributor to poor nutrition and unintentional weight loss among older adults.

To combat these changes, try flavor-enhancing techniques such as adding fresh herbs, citrus zest, or a splash of vinegar to meals. Experimenting with new textures, colors, and mild spices can also make dishes more appealing. If appetite loss persists or leads to weight loss, consult your healthcare provider for additional strategies to ensure you’re getting the nutrition you need.

47. Higher Risk of Hernia

As we age, the muscles and connective tissues in the abdominal wall naturally weaken, making it easier for internal organs or tissue to push through weakened areas. This results in a hernia, which is especially common among older adults. Common types include inguinal (groin), umbilical (belly button), and hiatal (upper stomach) hernias.

A hernia often appears as a noticeable bulge under the skin, which may become more pronounced when standing, coughing, or lifting objects. According to the Johns Hopkins Medicine, hernias can cause discomfort, a heavy feeling, or even pain—especially during physical activity.

Warning signs to watch for include a new or enlarging bulge, persistent pain, or sudden swelling in the abdomen or groin. If a hernia becomes painful or cannot be pushed back in, seek medical attention promptly, as it can indicate a serious complication. Timely diagnosis and treatment can help prevent further issues and keep your digestive system functioning well as you age.

48. Impaired Glucose Tolerance

Aging affects how the body processes glucose, in part due to changes in insulin sensitivity and pancreatic function. This impaired glucose tolerance means the body becomes less efficient at moving sugar from the bloodstream into cells, causing blood sugar levels to rise after meals.

As a result, older adults are at increased risk for type 2 diabetes and its related complications. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, people over 65 are at the highest risk for developing diabetes, often due to gradual changes in metabolism and physical activity.

To manage your risk, regular blood sugar monitoring is important, especially if you have a family history of diabetes, are overweight, or notice symptoms like increased thirst, frequent urination, or unexplained fatigue. A balanced diet, regular exercise, and routine check-ups with your healthcare provider can help keep glucose levels in check. If you’re concerned about your blood sugar, ask about testing and strategies to support healthy metabolism as you age.

49. Increased Prevalence of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a condition where excess fat accumulates in the liver, unrelated to heavy alcohol use. This fat buildup is increasingly common in older adults, especially those with risk factors such as obesity, high cholesterol, or type 2 diabetes. NAFLD is closely linked to metabolic syndrome, which includes high blood pressure, elevated blood sugar, and abnormal cholesterol levels.

According to the Mayo Clinic, NAFLD affects up to 25% of adults worldwide and is particularly prevalent among seniors. Most people have no symptoms in the early stages, but over time, the disease can progress to liver inflammation or scarring (cirrhosis).

Warning signs to discuss with your doctor include persistent fatigue, unexplained weakness, discomfort in the upper right abdomen, or abnormal liver test results. A healthy diet, regular exercise, and managing metabolic risk factors are key to prevention. If you’re concerned about your liver health, ask your healthcare provider about screening and steps you can take to protect your liver as you age.

50. Chronic Inflammation in the Gut

As we age, the gut is more likely to experience persistent, low-grade inflammation—sometimes called “inflammaging.” This chronic inflammation can develop without obvious symptoms and is linked to immune system changes, shifts in gut bacteria, and underlying medical conditions. Over time, chronic gut inflammation can contribute to the development of diseases such as diabetes, heart disease, and even certain cancers.

According to the National Institutes of Health, chronic inflammation in the digestive tract is a significant risk factor for many age-related illnesses. Factors such as a poor diet, lack of physical activity, stress, and chronic infections can all play a role in fueling gut inflammation.

Adopting an anti-inflammatory diet—rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, fatty fish, nuts, and healthy oils—can help reduce inflammation and promote gut health. Limiting processed foods, added sugars, and red meats is also beneficial. Speak to your healthcare provider or a dietitian for guidance on building a gut-friendly, anti-inflammatory eating plan as you age.

Conclusion

After age 60, your gut goes through a remarkable range of changes—many subtle, some urgent. From slower digestion and increased sensitivities to more serious risks like malabsorption, infections, or cancer, staying attentive to your digestive health is more important than ever. Regular screenings, mindful eating, and prompt attention to new symptoms can help you catch issues early and keep your gut—and whole body—functioning well. Most importantly, keep an open line of communication with your healthcare provider. Ask questions, share any concerns, and don’t hesitate to advocate for your well-being. Your gut is always sending signals—by listening closely and taking action, you can continue to enjoy a vibrant, healthy life after 60.

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