The Silent Dangers of Sleep Apnea Most People Miss

1. Interrupted Breathing at Night

Sleep apnea is characterized by repeated pauses in breathing, known as apneas, which occur throughout the night. These episodes can last from a few seconds to over a minute and may happen dozens or even hundreds of times in a single sleep cycle. This is akin to unconsciously holding one’s breath while asleep, depriving the body of essential oxygen and disrupting the natural sleep rhythm. Many people remain unaware of these interruptions because they do not always wake fully during an apnea episode. However, these silent pauses can have a profound impact on overall health.

Often, it is a bed partner who notices the telltale gasping, choking, or momentary cessation of breathing. The significance of recognizing these symptoms cannot be overstated, as persistent oxygen deprivation places stress on vital organs and increases the risk of serious complications. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), recognizing and addressing these breathing interruptions is crucial for preventing the long-term dangers associated with sleep apnea, including cardiovascular disease and metabolic disorders. Silent yet persistent, these nighttime disruptions are a key warning sign that should never be ignored.

2. Oxygen Starvation

Each episode of sleep apnea leads to a brief period where breathing stops or becomes very shallow, resulting in a significant drop in blood oxygen levels. This phenomenon is referred to as oxygen desaturation or “oxygen starvation.” The body is forced to operate with less oxygen than it needs, similar to the experience of someone climbing at high altitudes, where the thin air makes every breath less effective. Over time, these repeated drops in oxygen can strain vital organs, particularly the brain and heart, increasing the risk of long-term health consequences.

One of the most overlooked signs of overnight oxygen deprivation is waking up with morning headaches. This occurs because low oxygen and increased carbon dioxide levels cause blood vessels in the brain to widen, resulting in pain. Other subtle symptoms may include daytime fatigue, memory problems, and difficulty concentrating. According to the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), monitoring for these warning signs is essential, as persistent oxygen starvation can raise the risk of hypertension, stroke, and other serious conditions. By paying attention to seemingly minor symptoms, individuals can help prevent the hidden dangers of untreated sleep apnea.

3. Strain on the Heart

Sleep apnea places substantial stress on the cardiovascular system. Each pause in breathing causes the body to briefly drop its oxygen levels, prompting the heart to work harder to circulate what little oxygen remains. This repeated cycle throughout the night is akin to forcing a car engine to run uphill continuously, never giving it the chance to rest or recover. Over time, the increased workload can contribute to high blood pressure, irregular heartbeats (arrhythmias), and a heightened risk of heart attack or stroke.

Research from the American Heart Association highlights that untreated sleep apnea is strongly associated with the development and worsening of hypertension, which in turn can escalate the likelihood of serious cardiovascular events. Because these changes often occur silently and gradually, it’s essential for individuals—especially those with risk factors or symptoms of sleep apnea—to monitor their blood pressure regularly. Early detection and management can help prevent the cumulative damage caused by this hidden cardiovascular burden, reinforcing the importance of recognizing and addressing sleep apnea’s impact on heart health.

4. Increased Risk of Hypertension

There is a strong, well-established connection between sleep apnea and the development of high blood pressure, or hypertension. When breathing repeatedly stops during sleep, the body responds with a surge of stress hormones, such as adrenaline, to jumpstart breathing again. This response causes blood pressure to spike, and over time, these nightly surges accumulate, leading to persistently elevated blood pressure levels. The effect on the body is similar to experiencing chronic stress, where the cardiovascular system is kept in a constant state of alert, never fully able to relax or recover.

Studies cited by the Sleep Foundation show that people with untreated sleep apnea are significantly more likely to develop hypertension than those without the condition. This heightened risk makes routine blood pressure screening especially important for anyone experiencing sleep disturbances, frequent snoring, or unexplained fatigue. Regular monitoring can help catch hypertension early, allowing for timely interventions that reduce the risk of long-term complications such as heart disease or stroke. Recognizing the link between sleep quality and blood pressure is a vital step toward protecting overall health in individuals affected by sleep apnea.

5. Daytime Fatigue and Sleepiness

One of the most common and disruptive consequences of sleep apnea is persistent daytime fatigue. Because the condition causes frequent interruptions in the sleep cycle, individuals rarely reach the deep, restorative stages of sleep that are essential for physical and mental recovery. The resulting tiredness can be intense, often described as feeling similar to severe jet lag, where the body’s internal clock is perpetually out of sync and unable to recharge properly. This constant exhaustion can impact productivity, mood, and overall quality of life.

People with sleep apnea may find themselves struggling to stay awake during meetings, while driving, or in social situations. According to the NHS, excessive daytime sleepiness is often overlooked or attributed to a busy lifestyle, but it is a critical warning sign of sleep disruption. Tracking daytime alertness, such as noting episodes of nodding off or difficulty concentrating, can provide important clues about underlying sleep quality. Recognizing chronic sleepiness as a potential red flag can prompt timely evaluation and treatment, reducing the risk of accidents and improving daily functioning for those with undiagnosed sleep apnea.

6. Impaired Memory and Concentration

Disrupted sleep caused by apnea episodes can have a profound impact on cognitive function, particularly memory and concentration. When the brain is repeatedly deprived of oxygen and quality rest, its ability to process information, form new memories, and focus on tasks is significantly diminished. This cognitive impairment is often likened to the mental fog experienced after pulling an all-nighter, where even simple tasks can become challenging and forgetfulness is common.

Research from the Sleep Foundation suggests that individuals with sleep apnea are more likely to experience issues such as difficulty recalling names, losing track of conversations, or misplacing everyday items. These subtle lapses in memory and attention may be dismissed as ordinary aging or stress, but they can serve as important warning signs of an underlying sleep disorder. Over time, chronic cognitive impairment can interfere with work performance, relationships, and overall wellbeing. Monitoring for persistent forgetfulness or trouble concentrating—especially in combination with other symptoms of poor sleep—can help identify sleep apnea early and prevent further cognitive decline.

7. Mood Disorders

Sleep apnea is closely linked to a range of mood disorders, most notably depression and increased irritability. The ongoing deprivation of restful sleep disrupts the brain’s chemical balance and emotional regulation, making it harder to manage stress and maintain a positive outlook. This emotional toll can manifest as persistent sadness, anxiety, or sudden mood swings—much like the irritability and low spirits people experience after several nights of insufficient sleep, but on a chronic and more severe scale.

According to the Sleep Foundation, people with sleep apnea are significantly more likely to develop symptoms of depression, and untreated cases can compound emotional difficulties. Irritability, impatience, and frustration with minor annoyances are also common, often straining relationships and reducing overall quality of life. Because these mood changes can be gradual or attributed to other life stresses, they are frequently overlooked as potential signs of an underlying sleep disorder. It is important to stay alert to persistent shifts in mood or personality—especially when accompanied by fatigue or sleep issues—as timely intervention may improve both emotional wellbeing and sleep health.

8. Greater Risk of Type 2 Diabetes

There is a well-documented link between sleep apnea and an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Repeated interruptions in breathing lead to fragmented sleep and chronic oxygen deprivation, both of which can interfere with the body’s ability to regulate blood sugar. Specifically, sleep apnea is associated with insulin resistance—a condition in which the body’s cells become less responsive to insulin, causing blood glucose levels to rise. This process is much like a disrupted metabolism, where the body struggles to efficiently process and store energy, laying the groundwork for diabetes over time.

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) notes that individuals with untreated sleep apnea are more likely to develop type 2 diabetes or experience difficulty managing existing diabetes. Early detection is essential, as managing sleep apnea can significantly improve metabolic health and insulin sensitivity. For those with risk factors or symptoms of sleep apnea—such as loud snoring, daytime fatigue, or frequent nighttime awakenings—regular blood sugar testing is strongly advised. Monitoring glucose levels can help catch metabolic changes early, allowing for timely intervention and reducing the risk of long-term diabetic complications.

9. Weakened Immune System

Chronic sleep fragmentation caused by sleep apnea can have a suppressive effect on the immune system. When restful sleep is repeatedly interrupted, the body produces fewer infection-fighting antibodies and immune cells, reducing its ability to defend against viruses and bacteria. This compromised immune response is comparable to the phenomenon of catching colds or other infections more frequently after several nights of poor or insufficient sleep. Over time, the body becomes less resilient, increasing vulnerability to common illnesses as well as prolonged recovery times.

Research referenced by the Sleep Foundation indicates that people with untreated sleep apnea often report a greater incidence of colds, respiratory infections, and even chronic inflammatory conditions. Tracking how often you fall ill or how long symptoms linger can offer valuable insight into overall immune health. If you notice an increase in illness frequency, especially alongside other signs of disrupted sleep, it may point to an underlying sleep disorder. Taking note of these patterns and seeking medical advice can help identify sleep apnea early, allowing for interventions that restore healthy sleep and strengthen immune defenses.

10. Increased Accident Risk

Excessive daytime sleepiness caused by sleep apnea significantly impairs alertness, reaction time, and decision-making skills. This reduction in cognitive function is especially dangerous when driving or operating heavy machinery. Studies show that driving while drowsy can be as hazardous as driving under the influence of alcohol, with similar levels of slowed reflexes and poor judgment. Individuals with untreated sleep apnea are far more likely to be involved in motor vehicle accidents due to their inability to remain fully awake and attentive behind the wheel.

The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) reports that drowsy driving contributes to thousands of crashes, injuries, and fatalities each year in the United States. Those suffering from undiagnosed sleep apnea may not recognize the extent of their impairment, dismissing their sleepiness as normal fatigue. However, frequent episodes of nodding off, difficulty focusing, or memory lapses during the day are strong indicators that extra caution is needed. Recognizing and addressing these warning signs can help prevent potentially life-threatening accidents, underscoring the importance of proper diagnosis and treatment of sleep apnea for personal and public safety.

11. Relationship Strain

Sleep apnea doesn’t just affect the individual—it often disrupts the sleep of partners or roommates as well. Loud snoring, gasping, and restlessness can make it nearly impossible for others to get a restful night’s sleep. This scenario is similar to the frustration many experience when sharing a room with a habitual snorer, where both parties wake up feeling exhausted, irritable, and less able to cope with daily challenges. Over time, these nightly disturbances can erode patience, lead to separate sleeping arrangements, and create emotional distance between loved ones.

According to the Sleep Foundation, partners of people with untreated sleep apnea report higher levels of fatigue, disrupted sleep, and even resentment related to ongoing sleep issues. An open dialogue about sleep patterns, nighttime behaviors, and how each person is feeling can be the first step toward identifying a potential sleep disorder. Discussing these observations with a healthcare provider can help both individuals regain better sleep and restore relationship harmony. Recognizing the shared impact of sleep apnea highlights the importance of addressing it not just for individual health, but for the wellbeing of those closest to us.

12. Headaches and Migraines

Morning headaches are a frequent but often overlooked symptom of sleep apnea. These headaches occur because repeated pauses in breathing reduce oxygen supply and increase carbon dioxide levels in the blood, leading to the dilation of blood vessels in the brain. The resulting pain is similar to the throbbing discomfort many people experience from dehydration headaches, where the body’s internal balance is disrupted. Unlike dehydration, however, these headaches tend to occur consistently upon waking and may be accompanied by grogginess or difficulty concentrating.

According to the American Academy of Neurology, individuals with untreated sleep apnea are at a significantly higher risk of developing chronic morning headaches and even migraines. Because these symptoms can have a variety of causes, they are often misattributed or overlooked as a clue to an underlying sleep disorder. Keeping a diary to track the frequency, timing, and severity of headaches can provide valuable information for healthcare professionals trying to identify patterns. If you notice persistent headaches that coincide with poor sleep or other signs of apnea, discussing these observations with your doctor can be instrumental in reaching a timely diagnosis and improving overall wellbeing.

13. Difficulty Losing Weight

Sleep apnea can make weight loss significantly more challenging due to its negative impact on metabolism and hormonal balance. The chronic sleep fragmentation and oxygen deprivation associated with the disorder disrupt the body’s ability to regulate hunger and energy use, leading to a metabolic slowdown. Trying to lose weight with untreated sleep apnea can feel like running uphill—no matter how much effort you put in, progress remains slow and frustrating. Hormones such as leptin and ghrelin, which control appetite and satiety, become imbalanced, often resulting in increased cravings and overeating.

Research highlighted by the Sleep Foundation shows that people with untreated sleep apnea are more likely to struggle with obesity or experience a plateau in their weight loss journey despite healthy habits. If you notice that your weight loss efforts have stalled, especially when combined with other symptoms of disrupted sleep, it may be time to consider a professional sleep evaluation. Addressing sleep apnea can help restore metabolic function, balance appetite hormones, and make weight management more achievable. Recognizing this hidden barrier is crucial for those seeking lasting and healthy weight loss.

14. Loud Snoring

Loud, persistent snoring is one of the most recognizable hallmarks of sleep apnea. This symptom occurs when airflow is partially blocked in the upper airway during sleep, causing the tissues in the throat to vibrate and produce noise. The sound can be startlingly loud—often compared to the roar of a chainsaw or the rumble of a passing freight train. Such disruptive snoring not only disturbs the sleep of others but is also a key indicator that breathing is being compromised during the night.

According to the NHS, not everyone who snores has sleep apnea, but most people with sleep apnea do snore loudly and frequently. It’s especially concerning if the snoring is punctuated by choking, gasping, or pauses in breathing. These patterns suggest that the airway is being repeatedly obstructed, warranting further investigation. If snoring is loud enough to disrupt your sleep or that of your partner, or if it is accompanied by other symptoms such as morning headaches or daytime fatigue, it’s important to seek medical advice. Early recognition and treatment of sleep apnea can prevent further health complications and restore peaceful sleep for everyone involved.

15. Frequent Nighttime Bathroom Visits

Frequent nighttime trips to the bathroom, known as nocturia, are a lesser-known but common symptom of sleep apnea. When sleep is disrupted by repeated breathing pauses, the body experiences a surge in stress hormones and changes in blood pressure, which can stimulate the kidneys to produce more urine. This leads to the need to urinate several times a night, disrupting sleep even further. The sensation is similar to trying to fall asleep with a full bladder, making it difficult to achieve deep, restful sleep and causing additional fatigue the next day.

Research from the Sleep Foundation highlights that people with untreated sleep apnea are significantly more likely to experience nocturia than those without the condition. Tracking how often you wake up to use the bathroom can provide valuable clues about your sleep health. If you notice a pattern of frequent nighttime urination—especially when paired with other symptoms like loud snoring or morning headaches—it may be time to discuss these observations with a healthcare provider. Addressing the underlying sleep disorder can help reduce nighttime disruptions and improve both sleep quality and daytime wellbeing.

16. Erectile Dysfunction

Sleep apnea can have a direct impact on sexual health, with many men experiencing erectile dysfunction (ED) as a result of the condition. The repeated episodes of oxygen deprivation and fragmented sleep inherent to sleep apnea disrupt the delicate balance of hormones and blood flow needed for normal sexual function. This is similar to a car engine running on poor-quality fuel—without proper oxygen and nutrients, performance suffers. Over time, untreated sleep apnea can lead to persistent difficulties in achieving or maintaining an erection, as well as a reduction in overall libido.

The Sleep Foundation notes that the link between sleep apnea and ED is well recognized, with studies showing that men with untreated sleep apnea are significantly more likely to suffer from sexual dysfunction. Despite this, many are reluctant to discuss these symptoms or may not realize their connection to sleep health. If you are experiencing erectile issues alongside other symptoms such as loud snoring, daytime fatigue, or frequent awakening, it is important to talk openly with your doctor. Addressing sleep apnea can often reverse or improve sexual symptoms, restoring both confidence and quality of life.

17. Night Sweats

Night sweats are a frequently overlooked symptom of sleep apnea. During an apnea episode, the body experiences a surge in stress hormones as it struggles to restore normal breathing. This stress response often triggers excessive sweating, even in a cool room or when not using heavy bedding. The sensation is similar to the clamminess experienced during fever chills, where the body alternates between feeling overheated and cold. These night sweats can leave bedding damp and cause repeated awakenings, further contributing to poor sleep quality and fatigue.

According to the Sleep Foundation, people with untreated sleep apnea are significantly more likely to report episodes of unexplained night sweats compared to the general population. Noting when and how often you wake up drenched or clammy can provide valuable clues in identifying sleep-related problems. If you or your partner notice persistent excessive sweating during sleep—especially when combined with symptoms like loud snoring, gasping, or frequent awakenings—it’s important to discuss these observations with a healthcare provider. Treating sleep apnea can help eliminate night sweats and improve overall sleep comfort and health.

18. Dry Mouth or Sore Throat

Many individuals with sleep apnea wake up with a dry mouth or sore throat, a result of breathing through the mouth during apnea episodes. When the airway becomes partially or fully blocked, the body instinctively opens the mouth to draw in more air, leading to increased evaporation of moisture from the oral tissues. The sensation can be compared to waking up after a night of shouting or cheering at an event—your mouth and throat may feel parched, raw, or irritated due to sustained airflow and lack of hydration.

The Sleep Foundation highlights that dry mouth or sore throat upon waking is a common yet often ignored symptom of sleep apnea. Persistent dryness can increase the risk of cavities, gum disease, and oral discomfort, compounding the negative effects of poor sleep quality. Noticing regular morning dryness, difficulty swallowing, or a scratchy throat can be an important clue in identifying an underlying sleep disorder. If these symptoms are present alongside loud snoring or nighttime awakenings, discussing them with a healthcare provider can lead to earlier diagnosis and more effective management of sleep apnea.

19. Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)

Sleep apnea and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) frequently go hand in hand, with each condition potentially worsening the other. During apnea episodes, the struggle to breathe can create negative pressure in the chest, which may cause stomach acid to flow back up into the esophagus. This can lead to nighttime acid reflux, resulting in a burning sensation or discomfort similar to the heartburn people experience after eating a large, rich meal. These symptoms often occur during the night or upon waking, disturbing sleep and causing lingering throat irritation or a sour taste in the mouth.

According to the Sleep Foundation, people with untreated sleep apnea are more likely to report GERD symptoms, and treating sleep apnea can often reduce the severity of acid reflux. It’s important to monitor for signs such as frequent heartburn, chest discomfort, regurgitation, or a chronic cough, especially if these issues are worse at night. If you notice these symptoms along with loud snoring or frequent awakenings, sharing this information with your healthcare provider can help pinpoint sleep apnea as a contributing factor and lead to more effective, comprehensive treatment.

20. Restless Sleep

Restless sleep is a hallmark of sleep apnea, often manifesting as frequent tossing and turning throughout the night. These movements are the body’s unconscious attempts to restore airflow and overcome blocked airways during apnea episodes. Instead of progressing smoothly through the natural sleep cycles, individuals with sleep apnea are repeatedly jolted out of deep sleep, resulting in fragmented and unrefreshing rest. This experience can be likened to trying to sleep with a noisy neighbor—every time you start to drift off, some disturbance pulls you back to wakefulness, preventing true relaxation and rejuvenation.

Research from the Sleep Foundation highlights that people with sleep apnea often report waking up in unusual positions, finding their sheets tangled, or feeling as though they never settled into a comfortable rhythm overnight. Tracking your own sleep quality—by noting how many times you wake up, how rested you feel in the morning, and whether you remember frequent awakenings—can provide important clues about underlying sleep issues. If restless nights are a pattern, especially when accompanied by other symptoms like snoring or daytime fatigue, it’s worth discussing with your healthcare provider to rule out sleep apnea and improve overall sleep health.

21. Decreased Libido

Chronic fatigue and hormonal imbalances caused by sleep apnea can significantly reduce sex drive, or libido, in both men and women. The persistent exhaustion from poor-quality sleep leads to lower energy levels and disrupts the body’s production of important hormones like testosterone and estrogen, which play key roles in sexual desire. This experience is similar to how chronic stress or ongoing exhaustion can dampen interest in activities that once brought pleasure, including intimacy. Over time, decreased libido can affect relationships and contribute to feelings of frustration or disconnection.

The Sleep Foundation notes that people with untreated sleep apnea often report a noticeable decline in sexual interest or satisfaction, even if they are otherwise healthy. Tracking changes in libido—such as reduced interest in sex, less frequent intimate moments, or a general lack of enthusiasm—can be an important tool for recognizing the impact of sleep deprivation on overall wellbeing. If these changes occur alongside other symptoms of sleep apnea, such as snoring or daytime drowsiness, discussing them with a healthcare provider can help uncover the root cause and lead to more effective treatment.

22. Frequent Morning Choking or Gasping

Sudden awakenings characterized by choking or gasping for air are alarming symptoms frequently associated with sleep apnea. These episodes occur when the airway becomes blocked during sleep, causing a sharp drop in oxygen levels that triggers the body’s emergency response to resume breathing. The sensation is much like being startled awake after a nightmare or experiencing a sudden fright, with the added distress of struggling to catch your breath. Such incidents can be frightening for both the individual and any bed partner who witnesses them.

The Sleep Foundation emphasizes that these abrupt awakenings should never be ignored, as they are strong indicators of a serious disruption in normal breathing patterns. Even if these episodes do not occur every night, their presence signals an increased risk of oxygen deprivation and related health complications. It is important to pay close attention to any reports of choking, gasping, or abrupt awakenings—whether observed by yourself or a partner. Documenting the frequency and severity of these events can help healthcare providers make a timely diagnosis and develop an effective treatment plan, reducing both immediate distress and long-term health risks associated with sleep apnea.

23. High Blood Sugar upon Waking

Individuals with sleep apnea often experience elevated blood sugar levels upon waking, even if they do not have a prior diagnosis of diabetes. This phenomenon is largely due to the repeated surges of stress hormones, such as cortisol and adrenaline, released during apnea episodes when the body struggles to restore normal breathing. These hormones prompt the liver to release glucose into the bloodstream, causing a spike in blood sugar levels—a response similar to the rapid energy boost and subsequent crash experienced after consuming a large amount of sugar. Over time, these nightly glucose fluctuations can contribute to insulin resistance and increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

The Sleep Foundation notes that people with untreated sleep apnea are more likely to have difficulty controlling their blood glucose, especially in the morning. For anyone experiencing symptoms of sleep apnea, such as loud snoring or daytime fatigue, monitoring fasting blood sugar levels can provide valuable insights into metabolic health. Regular checks of morning blood glucose, especially if consistently elevated, should prompt further assessment by a healthcare provider to address underlying sleep disruptions and prevent long-term complications.

24. Increased Risk of Stroke

Sleep apnea significantly raises the risk of stroke due to the repeated drops in blood oxygen levels and surges in blood pressure that occur during apnea episodes. Every time breathing stops, brain blood vessels are subjected to stress and inflammation, gradually weakening their walls and increasing the likelihood of blockages or ruptures. This ongoing cycle of oxygen deprivation and vascular strain is much like constant wear and tear on a piece of machinery—over time, the parts become less resilient and more prone to failure.

The Stroke Association confirms that people with untreated sleep apnea are at a substantially higher risk of both ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes. Recognizing the warning signs of stroke—such as sudden numbness, weakness, confusion, trouble speaking, or loss of balance—is essential for early intervention and improved outcomes. For individuals with sleep apnea or symptoms suggestive of it, being proactive about stroke prevention and understanding the risks is critical. If you or a loved one experiences any signs of stroke, seek immediate medical attention, as timely treatment can save lives and reduce long-term disability.

25. Irregular Heartbeat (Arrhythmia)

Sleep apnea is closely associated with the development of irregular heart rhythms, or arrhythmias, particularly atrial fibrillation. During apnea episodes, the abrupt drops in oxygen and surges in stress hormones disrupt the heart’s electrical system, increasing the likelihood of abnormal beats or fluttering sensations. This is similar to a music record that keeps skipping or jumping out of sync—normal rhythm is interrupted, which can lead to palpitations, dizziness, or even more serious complications such as blood clots and stroke.

According to the Sleep Foundation, people with untreated sleep apnea are significantly more likely to develop atrial fibrillation and other arrhythmias. These irregular rhythms may be brief and go unnoticed, or they may cause noticeable symptoms like rapid heartbeat, lightheadedness, or chest discomfort. Monitoring your heart rhythm—either through wearable devices, at-home monitors, or regular check-ups—can help detect these issues early. If you experience any signs of an irregular heartbeat, particularly alongside other sleep apnea symptoms, it’s important to share this information with your healthcare provider. Early detection and treatment of both sleep apnea and arrhythmias can reduce the risk of serious cardiovascular events.

26. Impaired Liver Function

Sleep apnea has been linked to impaired liver function, most notably an increased risk for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The repeated cycles of oxygen deprivation during sleep put extra strain on the liver, leading to inflammation, fat accumulation, and eventual scarring of liver tissue. This process is similar to a filtration system that is continually overloaded and unable to effectively remove waste—over time, toxins and fats build up, reducing the liver’s ability to perform its essential functions.

The Sleep Foundation notes that individuals with untreated sleep apnea are more likely to show abnormal liver function tests and signs of NAFLD, even if they do not consume excessive alcohol. Symptoms of liver dysfunction may be subtle or absent, making regular monitoring especially important for those at risk. Routine liver function tests, such as those measuring enzymes and markers of inflammation, can help detect issues early and prompt further investigation. If you have sleep apnea or experience symptoms like unexplained fatigue, abdominal discomfort, or yellowing of the skin, talk to your healthcare provider about screening for liver health to prevent long-term complications.

27. Increased Cancer Risk

Emerging evidence suggests a link between sleep apnea and an increased risk of certain cancers. The repeated drops in oxygen levels caused by apnea episodes can trigger chronic inflammation and oxidative stress throughout the body. This environment resembles the persistent irritation that fuels other health issues, such as chronic inflammation leading to cellular changes and DNA damage over time. These biological stressors may create conditions that encourage abnormal cell growth, potentially raising the risk of cancers such as colorectal, breast, and kidney cancer.

Research published by the National Cancer Institute points out that while the connection is still being studied, people with sleep apnea appear to have a higher incidence of cancer diagnoses compared to the general population. Chronic sleep disruption and the resulting inflammatory environment may help explain this association. Individuals with sleep apnea, especially those with additional risk factors or family history, should be proactive about recommended cancer screenings. Regular check-ups and early detection strategies—such as colonoscopies, mammograms, and skin exams—can improve outcomes and provide peace of mind, reinforcing the importance of managing sleep apnea as part of overall cancer prevention.

28. Sleepwalking or Night Terrors

Sleep apnea disrupts the normal progression through sleep stages, occasionally triggering parasomnias such as sleepwalking or night terrors. When the brain is repeatedly jolted out of deep sleep due to breathing interruptions, it may not transition smoothly between sleep cycles. This instability can result in complex and sometimes alarming behaviors during the night. The experience is similar to childhood sleep disturbances, where children might walk around or bolt upright in bed frightened, but in adults, these episodes are often more unexpected and potentially dangerous.

According to the Sleep Foundation, adults with untreated sleep apnea are at an increased risk for these unusual nighttime behaviors. Sleepwalking can lead to injuries, while night terrors can cause significant distress for both the individual and their bed partner. Keeping a record of any unusual nighttime activities—such as wandering, speaking incoherently, or waking in a panic—can provide valuable information for healthcare professionals. If you or someone you live with notices these behaviors, it is important to discuss them with a doctor, as treating the underlying sleep disorder often resolves or reduces the frequency of parasomnias.

29. Swelling in Legs or Feet

Swelling in the legs or feet, medically known as peripheral edema, can be a subtle but serious consequence of untreated sleep apnea. The ongoing strain that apnea places on the heart—especially the right side—can impair its ability to efficiently pump blood back from the extremities. As a result, fluid begins to accumulate in the lower limbs, leading to noticeable swelling. This phenomenon is similar to what some people experience after long periods of immobility, such as swollen ankles after a long flight or car ride, but in this case, the swelling develops gradually and may persist or worsen over time.

The Sleep Foundation notes that this symptom is particularly common in people with both sleep apnea and underlying heart conditions, such as heart failure. Monitoring for signs of edema—such as puffiness, tightness in shoes, or indentations left by socks—can help identify emerging cardiovascular issues linked to poor sleep. If you notice persistent or worsening swelling in your legs or feet, especially when accompanied by other symptoms of sleep apnea, it’s important to seek medical evaluation. Early recognition and treatment can help prevent further complications and improve overall heart health.

30. Worsening Asthma

Sleep apnea can exacerbate asthma symptoms, particularly during the night. The repeated episodes of airway obstruction and oxygen deprivation increase inflammation and irritability in the respiratory system, setting the stage for more frequent and severe asthma attacks. This experience is much like trying to breathe through a narrow straw—each breath becomes more difficult, especially in the stillness of the night when both asthma and apnea are most likely to flare. Individuals may find themselves waking up coughing, wheezing, or gasping for air, all of which disrupt sleep and reduce overall quality of life.

The Sleep Foundation reports that people with untreated sleep apnea are at higher risk for poorly controlled asthma and more frequent nighttime symptoms. If you notice that your asthma is worsening, particularly at night, or that your usual medications are becoming less effective, it’s important to review your asthma management with a healthcare provider. Monitoring nighttime breathing, keeping a symptom diary, and considering a sleep study may reveal sleep apnea as a contributing factor. Effective treatment of both conditions can lead to better respiratory health, improved sleep, and enhanced overall wellbeing.

31. Reduced Exercise Tolerance

Chronic fatigue and oxygen deprivation caused by sleep apnea can significantly reduce a person’s ability to engage in physical activity. Because restful sleep is essential for muscle recovery, cardiovascular health, and overall energy, disrupted sleep leaves the body less prepared to meet the demands of exercise. This limitation is often compared to running with a heavy backpack—each movement feels more strenuous, and stamina quickly dwindles, even during activities that used to feel manageable. Over time, individuals may notice they tire easily, struggle to keep up with others, or avoid exercise altogether due to persistent exhaustion.

According to the Sleep Foundation, reduced exercise tolerance is a common but frequently overlooked consequence of untreated sleep apnea. Signs include shortness of breath, muscle fatigue, and a general sense of sluggishness during workouts or daily tasks. Noticing a decline in stamina or motivation to be active—especially when paired with other symptoms like snoring, morning headaches, or daytime sleepiness—should prompt a closer look at sleep quality. Addressing sleep apnea can help restore energy levels and physical performance, making it easier to enjoy an active, healthy lifestyle again.

32. High Blood Pressure Resistant to Medication

Sleep apnea is a common yet underrecognized cause of hypertension that does not respond well to standard medications, a condition known as resistant hypertension. The repeated surges in blood pressure and stress hormones during apnea episodes keep the cardiovascular system in a state of constant strain, making it difficult for medications alone to bring blood pressure under control. This challenge is similar to trying to force water through a clogged pipe—no matter how much pressure is applied, the underlying blockage must be addressed for normal flow to resume. Without treating the root cause, blood pressure remains stubbornly high, increasing the risk of complications.

The Sleep Foundation highlights that sleep apnea is often present in people whose hypertension remains uncontrolled despite multiple medications. If you or a loved one is experiencing persistent high blood pressure despite following prescribed treatment, a sleep assessment may reveal undiagnosed sleep apnea as the culprit. Identifying and treating sleep apnea can significantly improve blood pressure control, reduce reliance on medications, and protect against serious health issues such as heart attack and stroke. Early evaluation and intervention are key for those struggling with resistant hypertension.

33. Developmental Delays in Children

Pediatric sleep apnea can have a profound impact on a child’s growth, behavior, and cognitive development. When sleep is fragmented by repeated breathing interruptions, children are deprived of the deep, restorative sleep required for physical growth, brain maturation, and learning. The effects of this disruption can be compared to missing school—essential lessons and experiences are skipped, causing children to fall behind in key developmental milestones. Over time, this can manifest as delayed speech, poor academic performance, trouble focusing, and even behavioral issues such as hyperactivity or irritability.

According to the Sleep Foundation, children with untreated sleep apnea may also experience stunted growth, bedwetting, and problems with emotional regulation. These symptoms are often mistaken for other conditions, making early detection challenging. If a child snores loudly, breathes through the mouth at night, or shows signs of persistent daytime sleepiness, it is important to seek a thorough sleep evaluation. Timely diagnosis and treatment of sleep apnea in children can help restore healthy sleep patterns, promote normal development, and improve overall quality of life, ensuring children reach their full potential both in and out of the classroom.

34. Frequent Nightmares

Disrupted sleep caused by sleep apnea can lead to an increased frequency of nightmares. When breathing is repeatedly interrupted, the brain is frequently aroused from deep sleep and REM (rapid eye movement) cycles—stages when vivid dreaming occurs. These abrupt awakenings can intensify dream experiences, making nightmares more frequent and memorable. The sensation is similar to waking up suddenly after watching a scary movie, heart pounding and mind racing, but in this case, it happens night after night, often leaving the sleeper anxious or unsettled upon waking.

The Sleep Foundation notes that people with untreated sleep apnea are more likely to recall disturbing dreams or nightmares, especially those involving themes of suffocation or being unable to breathe. Keeping track of the frequency, intensity, and content of nightmares can provide valuable clues to underlying sleep disturbances. If you notice an increase in nightmares or recurring distressing dreams—particularly alongside snoring or sudden awakenings—consider discussing these symptoms with a healthcare provider. Addressing sleep apnea can help restore normal sleep architecture, reduce nightmares, and promote more peaceful rest.

35. Teeth Grinding (Bruxism)

Teeth grinding, or bruxism, is often linked to sleep apnea due to the body’s instinctive attempts to reopen the airway during obstructive episodes. When breathing is temporarily blocked, the jaw may clench or the teeth may grind as part of a reflexive effort to move the tongue and clear the airway. This unconscious activity is similar to the way people grind their teeth during periods of stress, except that in sleep apnea, it occurs repeatedly throughout the night and often without awareness. Over time, bruxism can lead to worn teeth, jaw pain, headaches, and even damage to dental restorations.

According to the Sleep Foundation, many people with sleep apnea are unaware of their teeth grinding until a dentist notices signs of wear or a partner hears the grinding sounds. If you experience unexplained jaw soreness, tooth sensitivity, or frequent headaches upon waking, it may be worthwhile to seek a dental evaluation. Dentists can recognize patterns of wear that suggest bruxism and may recommend a sleep study if sleep apnea is suspected. Addressing the underlying airway obstruction can help protect dental health and improve overall sleep quality.

36. Dry, Cracked Lips

Dry, cracked lips are a common but often overlooked side effect of sleep apnea, primarily resulting from persistent mouth breathing during sleep. When the airway is partially blocked, individuals tend to breathe through their mouth to compensate, which exposes the sensitive tissues of the lips to a prolonged flow of dry air. This exposure is similar to spending hours in an air-conditioned or heated room, where the lack of humidity quickly leads to dryness and chapping. Over time, lips may become parched, cracked, or even bleed, causing discomfort throughout the day.

The Sleep Foundation points out that mouth breathing is a frequent indicator of sleep-disordered breathing, and dry lips are an early warning sign. To mitigate these symptoms, consider using a humidifier in the bedroom to maintain moisture levels in the air and applying a moisturizing lip balm before bed. If dry, cracked lips are accompanied by other symptoms such as loud snoring, morning sore throat, or frequent nighttime awakenings, a professional sleep evaluation is recommended. Addressing the root cause can relieve oral discomfort and contribute to more restful, restorative sleep.

37. Frequent Sore Throats

Frequent sore throats can be a direct result of sleep apnea, particularly when mouth breathing and snoring are present. During apnea episodes, the mouth and throat tissues are exposed to continuous airflow and vibration, which dries and irritates the delicate mucous membranes. This condition is similar to the soreness experienced after a long day of public speaking or shouting, where the throat feels raw and scratchy from overuse and lack of moisture. For many sleep apnea sufferers, this discomfort is most noticeable upon waking and may persist throughout the day.

The Sleep Foundation notes that persistent or recurring sore throats—especially when accompanied by other symptoms like dry mouth, loud snoring, or morning headaches—may indicate an underlying sleep disorder. Keeping a record of how often you wake up with throat irritation or pain can help your healthcare provider identify patterns and potential triggers. If sore throats are a regular occurrence, a sleep evaluation might reveal sleep apnea as the underlying cause. Addressing this condition can alleviate throat discomfort and contribute to better overall health and quality of life.

38. Increased Blood Clot Risk

Sleep apnea increases the risk of blood clots due to the repeated drops in oxygen levels during apnea episodes. When the body is deprived of oxygen, it responds by producing more red blood cells and activating clotting factors, which can cause the blood to become thicker and more prone to clotting. This effect is comparable to the difference between syrup and water—thicker, stickier blood moves less freely, increasing the likelihood of clot formation in veins or arteries. Over time, this heightened coagulability raises the risk of serious complications such as deep vein thrombosis (DVT), pulmonary embolism, or stroke.

According to the Sleep Foundation, untreated sleep apnea is a significant yet underrecognized risk factor for abnormal blood clotting. It is important to be aware of the symptoms of blood clots, which can include sudden leg swelling, pain, redness, shortness of breath, or chest pain. If you experience these signs—especially in conjunction with known or suspected sleep apnea—seek immediate medical attention. Raising awareness of this connection can lead to earlier diagnosis and interventions that protect against life-threatening clot-related events.

39. Higher Health Care Costs

Untreated sleep apnea can significantly increase overall health care costs due to its impact on multiple bodily systems and its association with a range of chronic health problems. Individuals who do not receive proper treatment often require more frequent doctor visits, emergency care, and hospitalizations for conditions such as hypertension, diabetes, heart disease, and stroke. This cumulative effect is much like neglecting regular maintenance on a car—minor issues are left unresolved until they escalate into major, costly repairs. In the medical context, the longer sleep apnea goes undiagnosed, the greater the financial and physical toll.

The Sleep Foundation reports that people with untreated sleep apnea incur significantly higher health care expenses than those who are diagnosed and treated. These costs include not only direct medical care but also lost productivity and decreased quality of life. Early diagnosis and management of sleep apnea can help prevent many of the complications that drive up medical costs, allowing individuals to maintain better health and avoid unnecessary spending. Recognizing the economic burden of untreated sleep apnea emphasizes the importance of timely screening and intervention for both individuals and the broader health care system.

40. Poor School or Work Performance

Daytime sleepiness and fatigue caused by sleep apnea can seriously undermine performance at school or work. Individuals with untreated apnea often struggle to concentrate, remember information, and complete tasks efficiently. This decline in productivity is similar to trying to work or study while sick—mental clarity, motivation, and energy are all diminished, making it challenging to keep up with responsibilities or meet expectations. Over time, this can result in missed deadlines, lower grades, poor job evaluations, or even job loss.

The Sleep Foundation highlights that people with sleep apnea are more likely to experience difficulties with attention, decision-making, and problem-solving, all of which are essential for success in academic and professional settings. Teachers, employers, or colleagues may notice lapses in performance before the affected individual realizes the underlying cause. Keeping track of changes in work or school output—such as declining grades, missed assignments, or negative feedback—can provide important clues that sleep quality is suffering. If performance dips are persistent and unexplained, it is wise to consider a sleep evaluation to identify and address any underlying sleep disorders, including sleep apnea.

41. Increased Dementia Risk

Chronic oxygen deprivation from untreated sleep apnea has been increasingly linked to a higher risk of developing dementia and other forms of cognitive decline. The repeated interruptions in breathing during sleep cause fluctuations in oxygen supply to the brain, which can damage delicate neural tissues and accelerate the loss of memory and executive functions. This process is similar to rust forming on machinery—over time, the repeated exposure to adverse conditions leads to gradual but irreversible deterioration of essential components.

According to research summarized by the Sleep Foundation, people with untreated sleep apnea are more likely to develop mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease as they age. Early symptoms may include forgetfulness, confusion, difficulty concentrating, and trouble completing familiar tasks. Regular cognitive screenings, especially for individuals experiencing sleep disturbances or exhibiting early signs of memory loss, can help detect changes before they become severe. Addressing sleep apnea with effective treatment may slow or even prevent the progression of cognitive decline, emphasizing the importance of sleep health for long-term brain function and quality of life.

42. Higher Risk of Sudden Cardiac Death

Sleep apnea significantly increases the risk of sudden cardiac death, particularly during the night when the body is most vulnerable to dangerous changes in heart rhythm. Each apnea episode triggers a cascade of physiological responses, including surges in stress hormones and abrupt drops in blood oxygen, which can destabilize the heart’s electrical system. This situation is comparable to repeated, unpredictable electrical surges that can overwhelm and short-circuit a delicate device—eventually, the system can fail without warning. Over time, the cumulative impact of these disruptions raises the likelihood of fatal arrhythmias and cardiac arrest, often without prior symptoms.

According to findings shared by the Sleep Foundation, people with untreated sleep apnea are at a higher risk of experiencing sudden cardiac events, especially in the early morning hours. Symptoms such as severe chest pain, fainting, or episodes of gasping and choking during sleep should never be ignored. If you or a loved one experiences these signs, it is crucial to seek urgent medical attention, as timely intervention can be lifesaving. Recognizing and treating sleep apnea is essential for reducing the risk of sudden cardiac death and protecting overall heart health.

43. Frequent Ear Infections

Sleep apnea can indirectly contribute to frequent ear infections, particularly in children but also in adults. Blocked airways and chronic mouth breathing disrupt the normal function of the Eustachian tubes, which are responsible for draining fluid from the middle ear. When these tubes are not functioning properly, fluid can accumulate, creating an environment where bacteria and viruses thrive. This situation is similar to the sensation of having water trapped in your ears after swimming—if the water doesn’t drain, discomfort and infection can soon follow.

The Sleep Foundation notes that people with sleep apnea and related airway obstructions are at greater risk for recurrent ear infections and associated symptoms such as ear pain, pressure, hearing difficulties, and even balance problems. Monitoring for frequent or persistent ear pain, especially when accompanied by other signs of sleep apnea like snoring or mouth breathing, can help identify this hidden impact of sleep-disordered breathing. If you or your child experience repeated ear infections, it may be worthwhile to discuss sleep quality and airway health with a healthcare provider, as addressing the underlying problem can reduce infection frequency and improve overall wellbeing.

44. Difficulty Waking Up

Difficulty waking up in the morning is a common issue for individuals with sleep apnea, stemming from sleep inertia—a state of grogginess and confusion caused by being abruptly roused from deep or REM sleep. Because sleep apnea frequently disrupts normal sleep architecture through repeated breathing interruptions, the brain and body are often forced out of rest before completing a full sleep cycle. This sensation is similar to the feeling of hitting the snooze button repeatedly: each time you wake, you may briefly drift back to sleep, never feeling fully alert or refreshed.

According to the Sleep Foundation, persistent morning grogginess and a strong urge to stay in bed well past the alarm are red flags of poor sleep quality related to untreated sleep apnea. Individuals may also experience confusion, irritability, or memory lapses upon waking. Noting how long it takes to feel awake each morning and whether grogginess persists despite spending enough time in bed can offer important insights. If morning inertia is a regular struggle, especially when combined with other symptoms of sleep apnea, it may be time to seek a sleep evaluation for more restorative rest and improved daily functioning.

45. Worsening Chronic Pain

Poor sleep quality caused by sleep apnea can heighten pain sensitivity and exacerbate existing chronic pain conditions. When restful sleep is repeatedly interrupted, the body’s natural pain-regulating mechanisms become less effective, leading to increased discomfort and lower pain thresholds. This phenomenon is similar to how aches and pains feel more intense after a sleepless night—minor discomforts that are usually manageable can become overwhelming, and chronic pain conditions such as fibromyalgia, arthritis, or back pain may flare up more frequently or severely.

According to the Sleep Foundation, individuals with untreated sleep apnea often report worsening pain symptoms and greater reliance on pain medications. Keeping a pain diary that tracks the frequency, intensity, and triggers of pain episodes can provide valuable insights into how sleep quality is affecting pain levels. If you notice a pattern of increased pain following nights of poor sleep, it’s important to discuss these observations with your healthcare provider. Addressing sleep apnea may lead to improved pain management, less reliance on medication, and a better overall quality of life for those coping with chronic pain.

46. Delayed Healing and Recovery

Sleep apnea, with its repeated disruptions to deep and restorative sleep, can significantly impair the body’s ability to repair tissues and recover from illness or injury. During uninterrupted sleep, the body releases growth hormones and ramps up cellular repair processes that are crucial for healing. When these sleep stages are consistently interrupted, the body’s natural recovery slows down—much like how a small cut or bruise takes much longer to heal without proper rest and care. This delay can affect everything from wound healing and muscle recovery to recovery from surgery or infections.

The Sleep Foundation highlights that people with untreated sleep apnea often experience prolonged recovery times and a higher risk of complications following injuries or medical procedures. Monitoring recovery periods—such as how quickly a cold resolves, how long bruises or cuts linger, or how sore muscles feel after exercise—can provide important clues about underlying sleep quality. If you notice that your body is taking longer than usual to bounce back, particularly alongside other symptoms of sleep apnea, it may be time to discuss your sleep health with a healthcare provider to support faster and more complete healing.

47. Poor Skin Health

Sleep apnea can negatively affect skin health by disrupting the body’s natural repair and regeneration processes that occur during deep sleep. When sleep is repeatedly interrupted, the production of collagen and other essential proteins is reduced, leading to a slower turnover of skin cells and impaired healing of minor blemishes or irritations. This effect is similar to the dull, tired complexion people notice after a night of poor sleep—skin may appear lackluster, puffy, or prone to breakouts and dryness.

The Sleep Foundation notes that individuals with untreated sleep apnea are more likely to report issues such as increased acne, eczema flare-ups, dark circles under the eyes, and delayed recovery from skin wounds. Monitoring changes in your skin—such as persistent dryness, more frequent breakouts, or a general decline in radiance—can offer subtle but important clues about underlying sleep quality. If you observe ongoing skin concerns despite a consistent skincare routine, it may be worthwhile to consider how sleep apnea or other sleep disturbances could be contributing factors and to seek professional advice for comprehensive care.

48. Reduced Lifespan

Mounting evidence shows that untreated sleep apnea can significantly shorten life expectancy, primarily due to its cumulative effects on cardiovascular, metabolic, and neurological health. Repeated episodes of oxygen deprivation and sleep fragmentation increase the risk of developing chronic diseases such as hypertension, diabetes, stroke, heart disease, and even certain cancers. This pattern is comparable to the way chronic illnesses steadily erode health and longevity over time—each night of disrupted sleep adds to the body’s overall burden, ultimately raising the risk of premature death.

The Sleep Foundation and other research institutions have found that people with untreated moderate to severe sleep apnea face a significantly higher risk of mortality compared to those without the disorder or with managed symptoms. The silent, cumulative nature of these risks makes early detection and intervention crucial. Regular screening for sleep apnea—especially in individuals with risk factors or symptoms such as loud snoring, daytime sleepiness, or resistant hypertension—can lead to timely diagnosis, effective treatment, and greatly improved long-term health outcomes. Prioritizing sleep health is a vital component of living a longer, healthier life.

49. Social Withdrawal

Fatigue, irritability, and low mood caused by sleep apnea can gradually lead to social withdrawal and isolation. As everyday activities become more exhausting and emotional resilience declines, individuals may start to avoid gatherings, outings, or even casual interactions—much like someone who skips social events when feeling unwell or overwhelmed. Over time, this pattern of withdrawal can erode important relationships, reduce support networks, and further contribute to feelings of loneliness or depression.

The Sleep Foundation notes that people with untreated sleep apnea often report a decline in participation in hobbies, family events, or workplace activities. Noticing changes in your own or a loved one’s social habits—such as reluctance to accept invitations, canceling plans, or spending more time alone—can be an important signal of underlying sleep-related issues. Addressing sleep apnea can restore energy, improve mood, and help individuals reconnect with their social circles, leading to better mental health and overall quality of life. If social withdrawal becomes noticeable, particularly with other symptoms of sleep disruption, it’s wise to seek support and explore whether sleep apnea may be a contributing factor.

50. Misdiagnosis or Overlooked Symptoms

One of the most silent dangers of sleep apnea is that its symptoms are frequently misdiagnosed or overlooked, often being attributed to other common conditions. Fatigue, mood swings, headaches, and concentration problems may be mistaken for depression, anxiety, insomnia, or even the effects of a busy lifestyle. This situation is similar to mistaking a persistent cough for seasonal allergies when it is actually a sign of a more serious respiratory issue. The result is that the root cause—sleep apnea—remains untreated, allowing symptoms and related health risks to worsen over time.

The Sleep Foundation emphasizes the importance of a comprehensive evaluation for anyone experiencing persistent symptoms such as loud snoring, daytime sleepiness, or unexplained medical issues. Standard treatments for other conditions may not bring relief if the underlying problem is undiagnosed sleep apnea. Open communication with healthcare providers and a willingness to explore sleep-related causes can be crucial for an accurate diagnosis. If multiple symptoms persist despite treatment, or if you have risk factors for sleep apnea, seeking a sleep study or specialist evaluation can ensure the real issue is identified and managed effectively.

Conclusion

Untreated sleep apnea can silently erode health, relationships, and quality of life, with symptoms often hiding in plain sight. Recognizing even subtle warning signs—such as fatigue, snoring, mood changes, or frequent headaches—is crucial for early intervention. Practical steps like discussing concerns with a healthcare provider, scheduling a sleep study, or using reliable screening tools can lead to timely diagnosis and effective treatment. For those at risk, proactive screening is essential to prevent the cascade of complications associated with this common but frequently overlooked disorder. For more guidance, consult resources from the Sleep Foundation or speak with a certified sleep specialist.

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