What Doctors Secretly Think About Your Favorite Herbal Supplement

1. Ginseng

Ginseng is widely promoted for its supposed ability to boost energy, enhance cognitive function, and support the immune system. Its active compounds, known as ginsenosides, can stimulate the nervous system and modulate immune responses. Many people take ginseng as a daily supplement to combat fatigue and improve mental clarity, often without consulting their doctor. However, this adaptogen’s stimulating effects may lead to overstimulation, manifesting as insomnia, anxiety, headaches, or rapid heartbeat, especially when combined with caffeine or other stimulants.

Doctors are frequently concerned about ginseng’s potential to interact with prescription drugs. For example, it can alter the effects of blood thinners like warfarin, decreasing their efficacy and increasing the risk of clotting (source). Additionally, it may interfere with medications for diabetes by lowering blood sugar excessively. Key signs to monitor include jitteriness, abnormal heart rhythms, or unexplained changes in blood pressure. If you take prescription medications or have underlying health conditions, it’s crucial to inform your healthcare provider before starting a ginseng regimen. Awareness and medical supervision can help manage these risks while maximizing potential benefits.

2. Echinacea

Echinacea is often marketed as a natural way to boost the immune system and reduce the duration or severity of the common cold. Its active compounds are thought to enhance immune cell activity, potentially helping the body fight off infections. However, research comparing echinacea to other cold remedies, such as vitamin C or zinc, has shown mixed results. A Cochrane review found that while some studies suggest a modest benefit, others found no significant effect in preventing or treating colds.

Doctors are particularly cautious with echinacea because it can provoke allergic reactions, especially in individuals with known allergies to plants in the daisy family (like ragweed or marigolds). Symptoms to watch for include skin rashes, itching, swelling of the face or tongue, and difficulty breathing. In severe cases, echinacea may trigger anaphylaxis, a life-threatening reaction. If you notice any of these symptoms, you should seek medical attention immediately. For those considering echinacea as an immune support, it’s wise to consult a healthcare provider, especially if you have allergies or are taking medications for autoimmune conditions, as echinacea may influence immune function unpredictably.

3. St. John’s Wort

St. John’s Wort is a popular herbal supplement used for its mood-enhancing properties, particularly in cases of mild to moderate depression. Its active constituents, hypericin and hyperforin, are believed to inhibit the reuptake of neurotransmitters such as serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine in the brain, thereby improving mood and emotional balance. However, this mechanism can create serious risks when combined with prescription antidepressants or other medications that influence serotonin levels.

Doctors are especially concerned about the extensive list of drug interactions related to St. John’s Wort. It can reduce the effectiveness of birth control pills, anticoagulants, heart medications, and certain HIV treatments by accelerating their breakdown in the liver (FDA source). Of particular danger is the risk of serotonin syndrome—a potentially life-threatening condition—if St. John’s Wort is combined with SSRIs, MAOIs, or other serotonergic drugs. Symptoms to watch for include confusion, agitation, rapid heart rate, high blood pressure, dilated pupils, muscle rigidity, and fever. Anyone experiencing these signs should seek immediate medical attention. Always consult your doctor before adding St. John’s Wort to your regimen, especially if you’re taking other medications.

4. Turmeric (Curcumin)

Turmeric, and its active compound curcumin, are celebrated for their anti-inflammatory effects, particularly in joint and tissue health. This golden spice is commonly used by people with arthritis or chronic pain as a natural alternative to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Studies suggest that curcumin can inhibit inflammatory pathways and may offer relief from joint stiffness and discomfort (source). However, while turmeric may help reduce inflammation, its pain-relieving effects are generally milder and less predictable than those of NSAIDs like ibuprofen.

Doctors often remind patients that turmeric supplements are not risk-free. Digestive upset, including nausea, diarrhea, and bloating, is a common side effect, especially at higher doses. More importantly, turmeric can increase the risk of bleeding when combined with blood thinners such as warfarin or aspirin (Mount Sinai). Signs to monitor include unexplained bruising, blood in the stool, or prolonged bleeding from minor cuts. If you have a history of gallstones, ulcers, or are on anticoagulant medications, it’s essential to consult your healthcare provider before starting a turmeric supplement to ensure it’s safe for your specific health needs.

5. Garlic

Garlic is renowned for its potential cardiovascular benefits, including lowering blood pressure and cholesterol levels. The key active compound, allicin, is thought to support heart health by improving blood vessel flexibility and reducing plaque buildup. Some studies suggest that garlic supplements can modestly lower total and LDL cholesterol, but the effects are typically less pronounced than those seen with prescription statins or other lipid-lowering medications (source). While garlic can be a helpful adjunct for some individuals seeking natural support for heart health, it should not replace prescribed treatments for high cholesterol or hypertension.

Doctors urge caution because excessive garlic intake—especially in supplement form—can increase the risk of bleeding. This is particularly concerning for those taking blood thinners such as warfarin or aspirin, or before surgery. Warning signs of excessive bleeding include frequent nosebleeds, easy bruising, blood in urine or stool, or prolonged bleeding from minor cuts. If you notice any of these symptoms, it is essential to contact your healthcare provider promptly. Those with bleeding disorders or on anticoagulant therapy should always consult their doctor before starting garlic supplements to ensure safety and avoid potential complications.

6. Ginkgo Biloba

Ginkgo biloba is frequently marketed for its memory-enhancing properties and its ability to improve blood flow to the brain. The active compounds in ginkgo, known as flavonoids and terpenoids, are thought to increase cerebral circulation and protect nerve cells from oxidative damage. While some small studies suggest a modest benefit in cognitive performance for people with mild memory impairment or dementia, the overall evidence is mixed and generally less robust than that for prescription cognitive drugs such as donepezil or memantine (source).

Doctors are especially vigilant about bleeding risks associated with ginkgo biloba. This supplement may inhibit platelet aggregation, potentially increasing the risk of bleeding—especially when combined with blood thinners, aspirin, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), or before surgical procedures. Warning signs include unusual bruising, prolonged bleeding from cuts, blood in urine or stool, or frequent nosebleeds. Those with a history of bleeding disorders or who are scheduled for surgery should avoid ginkgo or use it only under close medical supervision. It’s crucial to inform your healthcare provider if you are considering ginkgo biloba, particularly if you take medications that affect clotting or have chronic health conditions.

7. Saw Palmetto

Saw palmetto is a popular herbal supplement primarily used to support prostate health, especially among men experiencing symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), such as frequent urination or difficulty starting urination. The active compounds in saw palmetto berries are believed to inhibit the conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone (DHT), a hormone that can contribute to prostate tissue growth. However, clinical studies have produced mixed results regarding its effectiveness; while some men report relief, large, well-designed trials show that saw palmetto is generally less effective than prescription medications like finasteride or tamsulosin (source).

Doctors emphasize the importance of seeking a medical evaluation before relying solely on saw palmetto, especially if urinary symptoms are new or worsening. These symptoms can sometimes indicate more serious conditions such as prostate cancer or urinary tract infections, which require prompt medical attention. Warning signs to watch for include blood in the urine, pain during urination, or sudden inability to urinate. While saw palmetto is generally well-tolerated, it can cause mild digestive upset. Men are advised to discuss any prostate health concerns with their healthcare provider before considering saw palmetto supplementation.

8. Valerian Root

Valerian root is widely used as an herbal remedy for insomnia and anxiety due to its sedative effects on the nervous system. The compounds in valerian are believed to increase gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) levels in the brain, promoting relaxation and making it easier to fall asleep. While some research shows that valerian may modestly improve sleep quality, its effects are generally milder and less predictable compared to over-the-counter sleep aids like diphenhydramine or doxylamine (source).

Doctors caution that valerian can cause excessive drowsiness, especially if taken alongside other sedatives, sleep medications, or alcohol. Signs of too much sedation include persistent grogginess the next day, confusion, slowed reaction times, or difficulty waking up. This can be particularly risky for individuals who need to drive or operate machinery. Rarely, valerian may also cause headache or digestive upset. Anyone experiencing severe or lingering drowsiness should reduce their dose or stop taking valerian and consult a healthcare provider. It’s also wise to avoid combining valerian with other central nervous system depressants, and to let your doctor know if you’re considering valerian for sleep or anxiety issues.

9. Milk Thistle

Milk thistle is a well-known herbal supplement prized for its potential to support liver health. Its active ingredient, silymarin, is believed to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, which may protect liver cells from toxins and aid regeneration. In real-world clinical settings, milk thistle has been used as a complementary therapy for chronic liver diseases, including hepatitis C and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. However, evidence remains mixed; while some studies suggest modest benefits for liver enzyme levels, others show little to no improvement in liver function compared to standard medical care (source).

Doctors warn that, although milk thistle is generally considered safe, it is not a cure for liver disease and should never replace conventional treatments. Signs of possible liver toxicity—which may occur rarely or due to misidentification or contamination of supplements—include yellowing of the skin or eyes (jaundice), dark urine, persistent fatigue, abdominal pain, or unexplained itching. If you experience any of these symptoms, it’s crucial to seek medical evaluation immediately. Individuals with liver conditions should always consult their healthcare provider before starting milk thistle to ensure it’s appropriate and to avoid delaying necessary medical interventions.

10. Black Cohosh

Black cohosh is commonly used to alleviate menopausal symptoms such as hot flashes, night sweats, and mood swings. Its root extract is believed to exert estrogen-like effects in the body, though the exact mechanism is still under investigation. Compared to conventional hormone therapy, black cohosh is generally considered milder in effect, and research has produced inconsistent results regarding its true efficacy. Some women report moderate symptom relief, but large clinical trials have found that black cohosh is often no more effective than a placebo (source).

Doctors frequently caution about the potential risks associated with prolonged black cohosh use, particularly concerning the liver. There have been rare but serious reports of liver damage, hepatitis, and even liver failure in some individuals taking black cohosh supplements (NIH source). Warning signs to monitor include yellowing of the skin or eyes, dark urine, severe fatigue, or abdominal pain. Women with a history of liver disease or those taking other medications affecting the liver should consult a healthcare provider before using black cohosh. It’s essential to use these supplements under medical supervision and not as a substitute for proven hormone therapies when needed.

11. Kava

Kava is an herbal supplement traditionally used in Pacific Island cultures for its calming and anxiety-reducing effects. The active compounds, kavalactones, are believed to act on gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors in the brain, promoting relaxation and a sense of well-being. Many people use kava as a natural alternative to prescription anti-anxiety medications, but its safety profile has prompted significant concern among healthcare providers. Regulatory agencies in several countries, including Germany and Canada, have issued warnings or banned kava products due to reports of serious liver toxicity (FDA source).

Doctors urge those considering kava to be vigilant for signs of liver damage, which may develop even in individuals without a history of liver problems. Early symptoms can include fatigue, loss of appetite, abdominal pain, dark urine, and yellowing of the skin or eyes (jaundice). These warning signs require immediate medical evaluation. In addition, kava should never be mixed with alcohol, acetaminophen, or other substances that can stress the liver. If you have liver disease or are taking medications processed by the liver, avoid kava entirely. Always consult a healthcare provider before using kava, and seek safer, better-studied alternatives for managing anxiety when possible.

12. Cranberry

Cranberry is widely used as a natural remedy for urinary tract health, particularly in the prevention of urinary tract infections (UTIs). The fruit contains compounds called proanthocyanidins, which are thought to prevent bacteria, especially E. coli, from adhering to the lining of the urinary tract. While many people turn to cranberry juice or supplements at the first sign of UTI symptoms, research shows that cranberry is generally less effective than antibiotics in treating active infections (source). However, regular consumption may help reduce recurrence in some individuals who suffer from frequent UTIs.

Doctors caution that cranberry should not be used as a substitute for prescription antibiotics if you have symptoms of an active infection, such as burning urination or fever. Delaying medical treatment can lead to complications. Another important consideration is the sugar content in many cranberry juices and supplements, which can be problematic for people with diabetes or those monitoring caloric intake. High sugar intake may also contribute to other health issues. If you choose cranberry supplements, opt for those with little or no added sugar and always consult your healthcare provider, especially if you have underlying health conditions or take blood-thinning medications like warfarin.

13. Green Tea Extract

Green tea extract is valued for its potent antioxidant properties, primarily due to its high concentration of catechins, especially epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG). These antioxidants are believed to support metabolism, enhance fat oxidation, and offer some protection against cellular damage. Many people use green tea extract supplements as a natural weight management aid or energy booster, often comparing its effects to those of coffee. While both green tea extract and coffee contain caffeine, green tea offers a gentler stimulant effect and additional antioxidant benefits (Harvard source).

However, doctors warn that high doses of green tea extract have been linked to cases of liver toxicity, sometimes resulting in serious liver injury (source). Symptoms of liver trouble may include yellowing of the skin or eyes, dark urine, abdominal pain, or persistent fatigue. These signs warrant immediate medical attention. It’s important not to exceed recommended dosages and to avoid combining multiple supplements containing green tea extract. Individuals with liver conditions or those taking hepatically metabolized medications should consult their healthcare provider before starting green tea extract to ensure safe use and minimize the risk of adverse effects.

14. Ashwagandha

Ashwagandha is an ancient herb widely used in Ayurvedic medicine for its adaptogenic effects, particularly in helping the body manage stress. The root and leaf extracts are believed to regulate cortisol, a primary stress hormone, and promote a sense of calm and resilience. Unlike prescription anxiolytics such as benzodiazepines, which act quickly and can be habit-forming, ashwagandha is thought to work more gradually and with fewer sedative side effects (source). Many people choose ashwagandha for daily stress reduction or to support sleep, often in hopes of avoiding the drawbacks of conventional medications.

Doctors advise caution, especially for those with thyroid disorders. Research has shown that ashwagandha may increase thyroid hormone levels, which could be problematic for individuals with hyperthyroidism or those taking thyroid medication (MSKCC source). Symptoms of excessive thyroid activity include rapid heartbeat, sweating, weight loss, and anxiety. If you notice these signs or have known thyroid issues, consult your healthcare provider before starting ashwagandha. As with any supplement, monitoring for unexpected side effects and discussing use with a professional is essential to ensure safety and effectiveness.

15. Elderberry

Elderberry is widely promoted for its immune-boosting properties, particularly in the context of colds and flu. The berries and flowers contain bioactive compounds, such as flavonoids and anthocyanins, which are believed to modulate immune response and help reduce the severity and duration of viral infections. Some clinical trials suggest elderberry may shorten the duration of flu symptoms, but the evidence is still limited and not as robust as that for more established remedies like vitamin C (source).

When comparing elderberry with vitamin C, doctors note that while both may offer mild support for the immune system, neither should be considered a substitute for vaccination or antiviral medications during serious infections. Elderberry supplements are available in various forms, including syrups, gummies, and capsules, but it’s important to use them as directed. Raw or unripe elderberries contain toxic compounds and should never be consumed (Mount Sinai). Safe dosing varies by product, so always follow package instructions and consult your healthcare provider, especially if you are pregnant, breastfeeding, or managing chronic health conditions.

16. Evening Primrose Oil

Evening primrose oil is often chosen for its purported benefits in skin health and relief of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) symptoms. Its key active ingredient, gamma-linolenic acid (GLA), is an omega-6 fatty acid that may help reduce inflammation and support the integrity of skin cells. Some people use evening primrose oil supplements to manage eczema, acne, or breast tenderness related to hormonal fluctuations. However, research has produced mixed results, and the evidence is not as strong as for fish oil, which contains omega-3 fatty acids well-documented for their anti-inflammatory properties (NCCIH source).

Doctors note that while evening primrose oil is generally safe for short-term use, it may cause gastrointestinal upset such as nausea, diarrhea, or stomach cramps, especially when taken in higher doses. Individuals with a history of seizure disorders or those taking certain medications, like anticoagulants, should exercise additional caution, as there may be a potential for interactions. When considering evening primrose oil, it’s a good idea to start with a low dose and monitor your body’s response. Discuss supplement use with your healthcare provider, particularly if you are already using fish oil or other fatty acid supplements to avoid unnecessary overlap or side effects.

17. Fenugreek

Fenugreek is a popular herbal supplement known for its effects on blood sugar regulation and its traditional use to promote lactation in breastfeeding mothers. The seeds contain soluble fiber and compounds that may slow carbohydrate absorption and improve insulin sensitivity, resulting in lower post-meal blood sugar spikes. Some studies suggest fenugreek can modestly reduce fasting glucose levels in people with type 2 diabetes, but its efficacy is generally less reliable and less potent compared to prescription diabetes medications (source).

Fenugreek is also commonly used as a galactagogue to help increase breast milk production, though research on this benefit is mixed and largely anecdotal. Doctors caution that individuals taking medications for diabetes or blood thinners should be careful, as fenugreek may enhance the effects of these drugs, potentially leading to hypoglycemia or increased bleeding risk. Warning signs that require consultation with a healthcare provider include symptoms of low blood sugar (shakiness, sweating, confusion), unexplained bruising, or gastrointestinal discomfort. Pregnant women and those with chronic health conditions should always consult their doctor before starting fenugreek to ensure it’s appropriate and safe for their specific needs.

18. Cinnamon

Cinnamon is a widely used spice that has gained popularity as a natural supplement for its potential glucose-lowering properties. Certain compounds in cinnamon, particularly cinnamaldehyde and polyphenols, are believed to improve insulin sensitivity and help lower blood sugar levels. Some small studies have found modest reductions in fasting glucose among people with type 2 diabetes who take cinnamon supplements, but the results are inconsistent and not nearly as significant as those achieved through standard clinical therapies such as metformin or insulin (source).

Doctors are especially concerned about the risk of coumarin toxicity associated with certain types of cinnamon, such as cassia cinnamon. Coumarin is a natural compound that, in high amounts, can cause liver damage or exacerbate existing liver conditions (source). Signs of toxicity include jaundice, fatigue, and abdominal pain. Ceylon cinnamon, sometimes called “true cinnamon,” contains much lower levels of coumarin and is considered safer for regular use. People considering cinnamon supplements for blood sugar control should consult their healthcare provider, especially if they have liver disease or are taking medications that affect liver function.

19. Licorice Root

Licorice root is an herbal remedy traditionally used for digestive complaints, respiratory issues, and adrenal support. Its active component, glycyrrhizin, can influence cortisol metabolism by inhibiting the enzyme that breaks down this hormone, leading to prolonged cortisol activity in the body. This effect is somewhat similar to low-dose steroid medications, which can reduce inflammation but also carry risks with long-term use. Licorice root’s impact on the adrenal system and blood pressure has led some to use it for fatigue or as a natural “adaptogen,” but doctors remain cautious about its safety profile (source).

The most significant concern is elevated blood pressure and loss of potassium (hypokalemia), which can result from excessive intake of licorice root or its extracts. Symptoms of potassium deficiency include muscle weakness, irregular heartbeat, and fatigue. Prolonged use or high doses can lead to serious complications, particularly in those with heart or kidney disease. Doctors advise individuals with hypertension, heart conditions, or those taking diuretics or corticosteroids to avoid licorice root. Anyone considering licorice supplementation should consult a healthcare provider and be vigilant for symptoms of high blood pressure or low potassium.

20. Peppermint Oil

Peppermint oil is a popular herbal remedy commonly used to ease digestive complaints such as bloating, gas, and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Its active ingredient, menthol, acts as a smooth muscle relaxant in the gastrointestinal tract, helping to reduce spasms and discomfort. Several clinical studies have shown that enteric-coated peppermint oil capsules can be as effective as standard prescription antispasmodic medications in relieving IBS symptoms, with many patients reporting improved abdominal pain and less bloating (source).

However, doctors warn that peppermint oil can exacerbate acid reflux or gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) because it relaxes the lower esophageal sphincter, allowing stomach acid to move upward more easily. Symptoms of increased reflux include heartburn, a burning sensation in the chest, and a sour taste in the mouth. People with a history of GERD or frequent heartburn should use peppermint oil with caution and discuss its use with their healthcare provider. Additionally, high doses may cause allergic reactions or interact with certain medications. Always choose enteric-coated formulations to reduce the risk of heartburn and consult a doctor before starting peppermint oil for digestive issues.

21. Tribulus Terrestris

Tribulus terrestris is an herbal supplement often marketed for its supposed ability to enhance athletic performance and boost libido. The plant’s active compounds, called saponins, are believed to increase levels of certain hormones, notably testosterone, though research in humans has shown mixed results. Unlike anabolic steroids, which are synthetic and directly elevate testosterone to supraphysiologic levels, Tribulus terrestris appears to have a much milder and less consistent effect on hormone production (source).

Doctors note that while some athletes and individuals seeking improved sexual health turn to Tribulus terrestris, the supplement’s benefits are not well-supported by clinical evidence. In contrast, anabolic steroids carry well-documented risks and are tightly regulated, while Tribulus is available over the counter with little oversight. However, excessive or prolonged use of Tribulus terrestris can still lead to hormonal imbalances, such as changes in mood, aggression, acne, or alterations in menstrual cycles for women. Rarely, it may also affect kidney function. Individuals considering Tribulus terrestris for performance or sexual enhancement should consult a healthcare provider, especially if they have a history of hormone-sensitive conditions or are taking related medications.

22. Red Clover

Red clover is an herbal supplement frequently used to manage menopausal symptoms such as hot flashes and night sweats. It contains phytoestrogens—plant-based compounds that mimic the effects of estrogen in the body. These isoflavones are similar to those found in soy, and both are believed to gently modulate hormonal fluctuations associated with menopause. While some women report relief from red clover, clinical studies have produced mixed results, and the effects are generally milder than those seen with prescription hormone replacement therapy (source).

Doctors compare red clover to soy in that both offer a plant-derived alternative for women unable or unwilling to use standard hormone therapy. However, red clover supplements are not without risks. Because phytoestrogens can influence hormone-sensitive tissues, women with a personal or family history of estrogen-sensitive cancers, such as breast or uterine cancer, should avoid red clover unless specifically advised otherwise by a healthcare provider (American Cancer Society). Signs of concern include unexplained vaginal bleeding or breast changes. As with all supplements affecting hormone balance, it’s important to discuss red clover use with your doctor for individualized guidance.

23. Yohimbe

Yohimbe is an herbal supplement derived from the bark of an African tree and is primarily marketed for the treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED) and as a sexual performance enhancer. The active ingredient, yohimbine, works by increasing blood flow and stimulating nerve impulses in the pelvic area. However, unlike prescription ED medications such as sildenafil (Viagra), which are well studied and regulated, yohimbe’s efficacy is less predictable, and its use is associated with a higher risk of serious side effects (source).

Doctors are particularly concerned about yohimbe’s potential to spike blood pressure and heart rate, which can lead to dangerous complications, especially in individuals with cardiovascular conditions. Other side effects include anxiety, headaches, dizziness, and, in rare cases, seizures. Unlike prescription ED drugs that are generally safe for most men under medical supervision, yohimbe is often sold in unregulated forms, making dosing inconsistent and increasing the risk of toxicity. Individuals with a history of heart disease, high blood pressure, or psychiatric disorders should avoid yohimbe. Anyone considering yohimbe for sexual health should consult their healthcare provider first and be vigilant for symptoms like chest pain, palpitations, or severe anxiety.

24. Chasteberry (Vitex)

Chasteberry, also known as Vitex agnus-castus, is an herbal remedy commonly used to regulate menstrual cycles and manage symptoms of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD). The active compounds in chasteberry are believed to influence the pituitary gland, leading to altered levels of reproductive hormones such as prolactin and progesterone. This can help balance irregular cycles, ease breast tenderness, and reduce mood swings. However, research shows that while chasteberry may provide benefit for some women, its effects are generally milder and less predictable compared to prescription hormonal treatments like birth control pills or progesterone supplements (source).

Doctors advise that women with persistent, severe, or sudden changes in their menstrual cycles—such as missed periods, excessive bleeding, or severe pain—should consult a gynecologist before relying on chasteberry. These symptoms could indicate underlying medical conditions such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), endometriosis, or even reproductive cancers that require targeted medical intervention. Additionally, chasteberry may interact with hormonal medications and is not recommended during pregnancy or while breastfeeding. Healthcare guidance is essential for anyone considering chasteberry for menstrual health to ensure safety and avoid masking more serious issues.

25. Aloe Vera

Aloe vera is a versatile herbal remedy used both topically and orally for a variety of health concerns. Topically, aloe gel is widely applied to soothe burns, minor cuts, and irritated skin, thanks to its cooling and anti-inflammatory properties. Many people find aloe vera gel comparable to over-the-counter (OTC) creams for sunburn relief or mild skin inflammation, though most doctors recommend using only purified, pharmacy-grade products to avoid allergic reactions or contamination (source).

Oral use of aloe vera, often in the form of juice or capsules, is touted for digestive health—including relief from constipation and support for gut healing. However, doctors caution that ingesting aloe latex (the yellowish substance just under the plant’s skin) can act as a potent laxative and may cause severe diarrhea, dehydration, and even electrolyte imbalances if used excessively (FDA source). This risk is especially concerning for older adults or those with kidney conditions. If you experience persistent diarrhea, abdominal pain, or weakness after taking aloe orally, discontinue use and consult a healthcare provider. Always choose products labeled for internal use and follow dosage instructions carefully.

26. Maca Root

Maca root, a plant native to the Andes, is commonly used as a natural supplement for energy enhancement and fertility support. It is rich in vitamins, minerals, and unique compounds called macamides, which are believed to promote stamina and improve libido. Some small studies suggest that maca may offer modest benefits for increasing sperm count and motility in men, as well as supporting hormonal balance and sexual function in women. However, these effects are generally less potent and predictable than those seen with established fertility treatments like hormone therapy, ovulation induction, or assisted reproductive technologies (source).

Doctors stress that while maca is considered safe for most people when used in moderation, it should not be relied upon as a primary treatment for infertility or significant hormonal imbalances. Individuals experiencing persistent difficulties with conception, irregular menstrual cycles, or symptoms of low energy that do not improve with lifestyle changes should seek medical advice to rule out underlying conditions such as thyroid disorders, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), or male factor infertility. Consulting a healthcare provider ensures that root causes are addressed and that any use of maca complements, rather than replaces, evidence-based medical care.

27. Hawthorn Berry

Hawthorn berry is a traditional remedy prized for its cardiovascular benefits, particularly in supporting heart function and circulation. The berries contain flavonoids and oligomeric procyanidins, which may improve blood flow, strengthen heart muscle contractions, and help regulate blood pressure. Some small studies suggest that hawthorn extract can be beneficial for mild heart failure or high blood pressure, but these effects are generally less pronounced and less predictable compared to prescription heart medications such as beta-blockers, ACE inhibitors, or diuretics (source).

Doctors emphasize that hawthorn should not be used as a substitute for medically prescribed heart treatments, especially in cases of moderate to severe heart disease. One area of concern is the potential for arrhythmias (abnormal heart rhythms), which can be triggered or worsened by hawthorn in sensitive individuals or when taken in high doses. Warning signs include palpitations, dizziness, fainting, or chest discomfort. If you experience these symptoms, stop taking hawthorn and seek immediate medical attention. Anyone with a history of heart rhythm problems or those taking prescription cardiac medications should consult their healthcare provider before starting hawthorn berry to avoid dangerous drug interactions and complications.

28. Rhodiola Rosea

Rhodiola rosea is an adaptogenic herb often sought for its stress-relieving and anti-fatigue properties. Its bioactive compounds, such as rosavin and salidroside, are believed to help the body adapt to physical and psychological stress by regulating cortisol levels and supporting neurotransmitter balance. While some clinical studies indicate that rhodiola may reduce feelings of burnout and improve mental performance under stress, its effects are generally milder and less consistent compared to prescription antidepressants like selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) (source).

Doctors note that rhodiola is usually well tolerated, but side effects can include dizziness, dry mouth, or trouble sleeping, especially when taken in high doses or late in the day due to its mild stimulating effects. Standardized extracts are recommended, with typical dosing ranging from 200 to 600 mg per day, but product quality and potency can vary widely. Individuals with bipolar disorder, anxiety disorders, or those taking SSRIs should use caution and consult a healthcare provider before starting rhodiola, as there is a potential for drug interactions or mood destabilization. As with any adaptogen, start with a low dose and monitor for adverse reactions.

29. Dandelion

Dandelion is a common herbal supplement valued for its diuretic and liver-supporting effects. Traditionally, dandelion root and leaf have been used to promote increased urine output and to support bile production, which aids in digestion and liver detoxification. Some laboratory and animal studies suggest dandelion may have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, but clinical research on its effectiveness in humans remains limited (Mount Sinai).

Compared to prescription diuretics, which are tightly regulated and dosed for conditions like heart failure or hypertension, dandelion’s diuretic effects are much milder and less predictable. While some people use dandelion tea or supplements to reduce water retention, doctors caution that overuse can lead to dehydration and electrolyte imbalances, especially in combination with other diuretics or during hot weather. Signs of dehydration include dry mouth, dizziness, confusion, and decreased urination. Dandelion may also interact with certain medications, such as lithium or potassium-sparing diuretics, and can cause allergic reactions in sensitive individuals. Anyone with kidney disease, heart failure, or on prescription diuretics should consult their healthcare provider before using dandelion supplements and monitor for symptoms of dehydration or adverse reactions.

30. Holy Basil (Tulsi)

Holy basil, also known as tulsi, is a revered herb in Ayurvedic medicine, recognized for its adaptogenic effects—particularly in balancing blood sugar and supporting immune health. Studies suggest that compounds in holy basil, such as eugenol and ursolic acid, may help lower blood glucose levels and enhance the body’s response to stress and infection (source). People often choose tulsi as a gentle, natural alternative to standard blood sugar-lowering supplements or immune boosters like vitamin C and zinc. However, its effects are generally milder and less predictable than conventional supplements designed for these purposes.

Doctors recommend practicing safe consumption when using holy basil. While tulsi is generally well tolerated, excessive intake could potentially lower blood sugar too much in people with diabetes, especially if combined with prescription medications. Other possible side effects include mild nausea or diarrhea, though these are uncommon. For optimal safety, use standardized extracts or teas from reputable sources, and avoid mixing multiple blood sugar-lowering supplements. Pregnant or breastfeeding women, or those with chronic health conditions, should consult their healthcare provider before starting holy basil. Regular monitoring of blood sugar and moderation in dosing are best practices to ensure safety and effectiveness.

31. Butterbur

Butterbur is an herbal supplement often used for the prevention of migraines and the relief of allergic rhinitis (hay fever). Some clinical studies have shown that standardized butterbur extracts can reduce the frequency and intensity of migraine attacks, making it a natural alternative for those seeking non-pharmaceutical options (source). For allergy sufferers, butterbur has been compared to antihistamines like cetirizine and fexofenadine, with some research suggesting similar efficacy in relieving symptoms such as sneezing and nasal congestion—but without the sedative side effects common to traditional antihistamines.

Despite these potential benefits, doctors are highly concerned about the risk of liver toxicity associated with butterbur. Raw butterbur plants contain pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs), which can cause severe liver damage and even cancer if not properly removed during processing (NCCIH source). Only PA-free, certified butterbur products should ever be used. Warning signs of liver injury include jaundice, fatigue, dark urine, and abdominal pain. Anyone with a history of liver disease or those taking medications metabolized by the liver should avoid butterbur and consult their healthcare provider before using any migraine or allergy supplement.

32. Goldenseal

Goldenseal is an herbal supplement often promoted for its antimicrobial and immune-boosting effects. The plant’s active compound, berberine, has demonstrated antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral properties in laboratory studies, prompting many to use goldenseal for colds, respiratory infections, or digestive issues. However, its effectiveness in humans is not nearly as well established or potent as prescription antibiotics, which are specifically formulated and regulated for treating bacterial infections (source). Relying on goldenseal alone for serious infections can delay proper treatment and worsen outcomes.

Doctors are particularly cautious when it comes to drug interactions with goldenseal. Berberine can affect the way the liver metabolizes many medications, potentially increasing or decreasing their effectiveness or side effects. This is especially important for individuals taking blood thinners, immunosuppressants, or drugs for blood pressure, diabetes, or seizures. Signs of concern include unexplained bruising, irregular heartbeat, or changes in medication effectiveness. Pregnant and breastfeeding women, as well as those with liver disease, should avoid goldenseal due to potential toxicity. Always consult your healthcare provider before starting goldenseal, especially if you are on prescription medications or managing chronic health conditions.

33. Moringa

Moringa, often referred to as the “drumstick tree” or “miracle tree,” is prized for its rich nutrient profile and broad-spectrum anti-inflammatory effects. The leaves are packed with vitamins A, C, and E, calcium, potassium, and essential amino acids, making moringa a popular choice for those seeking a natural nutritional boost. Its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties are attributed to compounds such as quercetin and chlorogenic acid, with some studies suggesting potential benefits in reducing oxidative stress and supporting immune health (source).

Compared to standard multivitamins, moringa offers a whole-food approach and additional phytonutrients not typically found in synthetic supplements. However, its nutrient concentrations can vary widely between products, and it should not be considered a replacement for a balanced diet or medically necessary supplementation. Doctors caution that moringa may have effects on thyroid function, particularly in those with pre-existing thyroid disorders. Some animal studies suggest that compounds in moringa could alter thyroid hormone levels (source). Individuals with thyroid conditions or those taking thyroid medications should consult their healthcare provider before using moringa to avoid potential disruptions in hormone balance or medication effectiveness.

34. Bitter Melon

Bitter melon is an herbal supplement and food commonly used in traditional medicine for its blood sugar-lowering effects. The fruit contains compounds such as charantin, vicine, and polypeptide-p, all of which may help increase insulin sensitivity and reduce blood glucose levels. Some studies suggest that bitter melon can have a modest impact on fasting and postprandial blood sugar, but its effectiveness is generally inconsistent and less reliable than prescription diabetes medications like metformin or insulin (source).

Doctors caution that the active ingredients in bitter melon can occasionally lead to hypoglycemia—dangerously low blood sugar—especially when combined with other glucose-lowering drugs or supplements. Symptoms of hypoglycemia include shakiness, sweating, confusion, dizziness, and even fainting. Bitter melon is not recommended as a sole therapy for diabetes, nor should it replace prescribed medications or blood sugar monitoring. Pregnant women, individuals with liver or kidney concerns, and those taking diabetes medications should consult their healthcare provider before introducing bitter melon into their regimen. Close monitoring of blood sugar is essential to avoid adverse reactions and ensure that any supplemental use is safe and effective.

35. Sage

Sage is an herb commonly recognized for its cognitive-enhancing and anti-inflammatory properties. Traditionally used in cooking and herbal medicine, sage contains bioactive compounds such as rosmarinic acid and thujone, which are thought to support brain function and reduce inflammation. Some small studies suggest that sage extract may improve memory, attention, and mood, particularly in older adults or those with mild cognitive impairment (source). Its effects, however, are generally milder and less well-established compared to standardized memory supplements like ginkgo biloba or prescription cognitive enhancers.

Doctors caution that excess consumption of sage, especially in concentrated forms such as essential oils or high-dose supplements, can pose health risks. Thujone, a compound present in some sage species, can be neurotoxic in large amounts and may cause symptoms such as rapid heart rate, confusion, seizures, or kidney damage (NIH source). For most adults, culinary use and low-dose teas are considered safe, but those with epilepsy, kidney disease, or those taking medications that affect the nervous system should exercise caution. It is always wise to consult a healthcare provider before using sage in medicinal doses or supplement form.

36. Slippery Elm

Slippery elm is a traditional herbal remedy frequently used for soothing sore throats and addressing digestive issues such as heartburn, gastritis, and irritable bowel syndrome. The inner bark contains mucilage, a gel-like substance that coats and calms inflamed tissues in the throat and digestive tract. Many people find slippery elm teas, lozenges, or powders helpful for symptomatic relief, especially during upper respiratory infections. Compared to over-the-counter (OTC) lozenges or antacids, slippery elm offers a natural, gentle alternative, though it may not work as rapidly or effectively for everyone (Mount Sinai).

Doctors highlight a key concern with slippery elm: its mucilage can interfere with the absorption of medications when taken simultaneously. The coating effect in the digestive system may reduce the effectiveness of oral drugs, including antibiotics, blood pressure medications, or thyroid hormones. To avoid this, it’s recommended to take slippery elm at least one to two hours apart from prescription medications. While generally considered safe, individuals with allergies to elm trees or those on multiple medications should consult their healthcare provider before using slippery elm regularly. Always monitor for any allergic reactions or changes in medication effectiveness.

37. Burdock Root

Burdock root is a traditional herbal remedy praised for its supposed ability to “detoxify” the skin and blood. Historically, it has been used to address skin conditions like acne, eczema, and psoriasis, as well as to support liver and kidney function. The root contains inulin, antioxidants, and other phytochemicals that are believed to promote elimination of toxins and support overall health (source). However, doctors point out that the human body already has efficient detoxification mechanisms—primarily the liver and kidneys—and there is limited scientific evidence to support claims that burdock root offers additional detox benefits beyond a balanced diet and proper hydration.

When compared to evidence-based detox methods, such as medical management of liver or kidney disease, or dermatological treatments for skin problems, burdock root is considered far less reliable. Moreover, there is a risk of allergic reactions, particularly among individuals sensitive to plants in the Asteraceae family (such as ragweed, daisies, or chrysanthemums). Symptoms can include rash, itching, or swelling. Anyone with a history of plant allergies should use burdock root cautiously and consult a healthcare provider before incorporating it into their routine, especially if taking prescription medications or managing chronic conditions.

38. Cat’s Claw

Cat’s claw, derived from a woody vine native to the Amazon, is frequently used for its purported immune-modulating properties. The supplement contains oxindole alkaloids and other compounds thought to stimulate the immune system, reduce inflammation, and provide antioxidant benefits. Some small studies indicate that cat’s claw may help with conditions like osteoarthritis or reduce inflammation in chronic illnesses, but these effects are typically much milder and less predictable than those seen with prescription immune-modulating drugs (source).

Doctors caution that cat’s claw’s immune effects can be a double-edged sword, especially for individuals with autoimmune disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, or multiple sclerosis. In these cases, stimulating the immune system may worsen symptoms or trigger disease flares. Additionally, cat’s claw can interact with immunosuppressive medications and anticoagulants, potentially leading to harmful side effects. Warning signs to watch for include joint pain, unusual fatigue, bruising, or new neurological symptoms. Anyone with a history of autoimmune disease, organ transplantation, or those taking immune-altering medications should avoid cat’s claw unless specifically cleared by their healthcare provider. As with all immune-support supplements, consultation with a medical professional is essential for safe use.

39. Reishi Mushroom

Reishi mushroom (Ganoderma lucidum) is a widely used medicinal mushroom known for its adaptogenic and immune-modulating effects. Reishi contains polysaccharides, triterpenoids, and peptidoglycans, which are believed to help balance the immune system, reduce stress, and exert mild anti-inflammatory and antioxidant actions. Some people take reishi to boost overall wellness or manage chronic stress, while others use it as a complementary approach in cancer or immune-related conditions. Compared to other medicinal mushrooms like shiitake or maitake, reishi is more often associated with adaptogenic properties and immune regulation (source).

Doctors warn that reishi may increase the risk of bleeding, particularly when used in high doses or combined with anticoagulant or antiplatelet medications. This risk is similar to that of other medicinal mushrooms, as some compounds can affect platelet function and blood clotting. Signs of abnormal bleeding include easy bruising, nosebleeds, blood in urine or stool, or prolonged bleeding from minor cuts. Individuals with bleeding disorders or those taking blood thinners should avoid reishi or use it only under close medical supervision. As with all supplements, consult your healthcare provider before starting reishi, especially if you have underlying health conditions or medication concerns.

40. Astragalus

Astragalus is a staple of traditional Chinese medicine, commonly used to support immune function and promote cardiovascular health. The root contains polysaccharides, saponins, and flavonoids believed to enhance white blood cell activity, protect against stress, and benefit heart function by improving circulation and reducing inflammation (source). Some people use astragalus to ward off colds, speed recovery, or as a general wellness supplement. However, its effects are much milder and less reliable than scientifically validated interventions such as vaccines, which directly stimulate targeted immune responses to specific pathogens.

Doctors caution that astragalus’s immune-boosting effects can be harmful in certain populations, particularly those who are immunosuppressed due to organ transplantation, autoimmune conditions, or cancer treatments. Stimulating the immune system in these cases may increase the risk of rejection, disease flare-ups, or adverse drug interactions. Symptoms to watch for include new or worsening fatigue, joint pain, or signs of infection. Astragalus can also interact with medications such as immunosuppressants and blood thinners. Patients who are immunocompromised or taking these medications should avoid astragalus unless cleared by a healthcare provider. Always consult your doctor before starting any immune-support supplement to ensure it is appropriate and safe.

41. Schisandra

Schisandra (Schisandra chinensis) is a berry-producing plant used in traditional Chinese medicine for its adaptogenic and liver-protective properties. The active compounds, known as lignans, are believed to help the body adapt to stress, support adrenal function, and enhance liver detoxification processes. Schisandra is often used to promote energy, mental clarity, and stamina, as well as to protect the liver from toxins—similar to the way milk thistle is used (source). While both herbs are valued for liver support, schisandra’s effects are broader, with additional adaptogenic benefits that may help with stress resilience and fatigue.

Doctors note that while schisandra is generally well tolerated, it can cause stomach upset in some individuals, including nausea, heartburn, or abdominal discomfort, especially when taken in high doses or on an empty stomach. Compared to milk thistle, which is typically used solely for liver health, schisandra’s impact on the nervous system and energy levels may be more noticeable, but clinical evidence is still limited. People with gastrointestinal sensitivities or chronic digestive conditions should use schisandra cautiously. As with all herbal supplements, consult your healthcare provider before starting schisandra, particularly if you have liver disease or take medication metabolized by the liver.

42. Boswellia

Boswellia, also known as Indian frankincense, is an herbal remedy renowned for its anti-inflammatory effects, especially in the management of arthritis and joint pain. The active compounds, called boswellic acids, are thought to inhibit certain enzymes that contribute to inflammation, providing relief for conditions like osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Several studies suggest that Boswellia extract can reduce pain and improve joint function, but its effects are generally milder and slower to onset compared to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen or naproxen (source).

While Boswellia is often considered a natural alternative for long-term management of chronic inflammation, doctors caution that it is not without side effects. The most common issues are gastrointestinal complaints, including nausea, diarrhea, acid reflux, or abdominal pain, particularly when taken in high doses or on an empty stomach. Unlike NSAIDs, Boswellia is less likely to cause stomach ulcers or bleeding, but anyone with a history of digestive problems should monitor for new or worsening symptoms. As with all supplements, consult your healthcare provider before starting Boswellia, especially if you are on prescription anti-inflammatories or have gastrointestinal sensitivities.

43. Devil’s Claw

Devil’s Claw (Harpagophytum procumbens) is a herbal remedy traditionally used for its pain-relieving and anti-inflammatory effects, particularly in conditions like osteoarthritis, back pain, and other musculoskeletal complaints. The root contains iridoid glycosides, mainly harpagoside, which are believed to help reduce inflammation and alleviate discomfort. Some studies have shown that Devil’s Claw can modestly decrease pain and improve mobility, but its effects are generally less potent and less rapid than over-the-counter pain relievers such as ibuprofen (source).

Doctors often recommend Devil’s Claw as a natural alternative for those seeking to minimize NSAID use, but caution is needed regarding gastrointestinal side effects. Devil’s Claw can cause stomach upset, diarrhea, and, in rare cases, gastric ulcers, especially at higher doses or with prolonged use. Individuals who experience persistent abdominal pain, nausea, or blood in the stool should discontinue the supplement and consult a healthcare provider. People with a history of peptic ulcers, gastritis, or those taking blood thinners should use Devil’s Claw only under medical supervision. Always discuss herbal pain remedies with your doctor to ensure they are safe and appropriate for your individual health profile.

44. Chlorella

Chlorella is a type of freshwater algae often marketed for its potential detoxifying properties and dense nutrient content. Rich in protein, vitamins (such as B12 and iron), and chlorophyll, chlorella is used by some as a natural multivitamin and as a supplement to support immune health. It is frequently compared to spirulina, another blue-green algae, with both offering similar nutritional benefits. However, chlorella is especially touted for its purported ability to bind and help eliminate heavy metals and other toxins from the body (source).

Despite these claims, doctors emphasize that there is limited clinical evidence supporting chlorella’s effectiveness as a detox agent, particularly for significant heavy metal exposure. Its benefits are generally milder and less predictable than medically supervised chelation therapy or other evidence-based interventions. Individuals who suspect heavy metal poisoning—due to symptoms like muscle cramps, confusion, or digestive upset—should immediately consult a healthcare provider rather than self-treat with chlorella. Additionally, certain people may experience gastrointestinal discomfort or allergic reactions with chlorella. It’s important to choose high-quality, contaminant-free products and to seek medical advice before use, especially for those with liver, kidney, or immune conditions.

45. Ginger

Ginger is a well-known herbal remedy prized for its anti-nausea and anti-inflammatory properties. The active compounds, gingerols and shogaols, are believed to work by blocking certain receptors in the gastrointestinal tract and brain, making ginger a popular choice for managing motion sickness, pregnancy-related nausea, and mild indigestion. Some studies also suggest ginger can help reduce inflammation and pain, particularly in osteoarthritis (source). While ginger is often used as a natural alternative, its effects are usually milder than those of prescription antiemetics like ondansetron or prochlorperazine, which are specifically designed to address severe or persistent nausea.

Doctors caution that ginger may increase bleeding risk, particularly when taken in high doses or in combination with blood thinners such as warfarin, aspirin, or clopidogrel. Warning signs include easy bruising, frequent nosebleeds, blood in urine or stool, or prolonged bleeding from minor cuts. Individuals with bleeding disorders or those scheduled for surgery should use ginger with caution and consult their healthcare provider in advance. While culinary amounts of ginger are generally safe, supplement forms can deliver much higher doses. Always discuss ginger supplementation with your doctor to ensure it’s appropriate for your health status and medications.

46. Sarsaparilla

Sarsaparilla is a traditional herbal remedy derived from the roots of several Smilax species and has been historically used to promote skin health and purportedly support hormone balance. In folk medicine, sarsaparilla has been used to treat conditions like psoriasis, eczema, and acne due to its believed anti-inflammatory and detoxifying effects. Additionally, compounds in sarsaparilla were once thought to mimic or boost natural steroid hormones, leading to its promotion as a natural option for hormone support and even athletic performance (source).

However, doctors emphasize that there is little robust clinical evidence supporting these uses. Modern dermatological and endocrine treatments for skin disorders and hormone imbalances are far more effective and reliable than sarsaparilla. Another significant concern with sarsaparilla supplements is the potential for contamination or adulteration. Some products may be mixed with unrelated herbs or even synthetic steroids, which can pose health risks. Individuals should be especially cautious and only purchase sarsaparilla from reputable sources. Those with chronic skin or hormonal conditions should consult their healthcare provider for evidence-based therapies and use sarsaparilla, if at all, as a complementary—not primary—approach.

47. Horny Goat Weed

Horny goat weed (Epimedium species) is a traditional herbal remedy often used to support libido and erectile dysfunction (ED). The active compound, icariin, is believed to help increase blood flow and enhance sexual function by inhibiting the enzyme phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5), in a manner somewhat similar to prescription ED drugs like sildenafil (Viagra). However, research indicates that horny goat weed’s effects are much milder and less consistent than those of pharmaceutical therapies (source).

Doctors caution that while some men report improvement in sexual performance or libido, horny goat weed can have notable side effects, particularly at high doses. Of particular concern is its potential to cause heart arrhythmias (irregular heartbeat), as well as side effects like dizziness, rapid heartbeat, dry mouth, and low blood pressure. Those with existing cardiovascular conditions or who are taking medications for heart disease should avoid horny goat weed or use it only under strict medical supervision. As ED can also signal underlying health problems, individuals experiencing persistent sexual dysfunction should seek a thorough medical evaluation before turning to herbal supplements as a solution.

48. Licorice (DGL)

Deglycyrrhizinated licorice (DGL) is a specially processed form of licorice from which most of the glycyrrhizin—the compound responsible for increasing blood pressure and causing potassium loss—has been removed. DGL is commonly used as an herbal remedy for stomach ulcers, heartburn, and gastritis. It is believed to promote the healing of the stomach lining by increasing mucus production and offering mild anti-inflammatory effects. Compared to standard ulcer medications such as proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) or H2 blockers, DGL’s effects are gentler and slower, and it is generally considered a complementary, rather than primary, therapy (Mount Sinai).

Doctors emphasize the importance of choosing safe forms of licorice. Only deglycyrrhizinated licorice should be used for digestive complaints, as other forms of licorice root or candy can raise blood pressure and cause serious side effects, especially with long-term use. DGL is typically available as chewable tablets or powders; it should be taken as directed and not substituted for prescribed ulcer medications in cases of severe or bleeding ulcers. Always consult a healthcare provider before starting DGL, especially if you have high blood pressure, heart disease, or are on other medications affecting electrolyte balance.

49. Marshmallow Root

Marshmallow root (Althaea officinalis) is an herbal remedy valued for its soothing effects on the throat and digestive tract. The root contains mucilage, a gel-like substance that coats irritated mucous membranes, providing relief from sore throat, cough, heartburn, and mild gastrointestinal discomfort. Many people use marshmallow root teas, lozenges, or syrups as a gentle alternative to over-the-counter (OTC) antacids and cough remedies. While marshmallow root can help ease minor irritation, its symptom relief is typically milder and less immediate than that provided by OTC products containing antacids or anesthetic agents (Mount Sinai).

Doctors advise monitoring for allergic reactions when using marshmallow root, especially in individuals with known sensitivities to plants in the Malvaceae family. Signs of an allergic reaction include rash, itching, swelling of the lips or tongue, and difficulty breathing. If any of these symptoms occur, discontinue use and seek medical attention promptly. Marshmallow root may also interfere with the absorption of oral medications when taken at the same time, so it’s best to separate doses by at least one to two hours. Consultation with a healthcare provider is recommended for those with chronic health conditions or who are taking multiple medications.

50. Bitter Orange

Bitter orange (Citrus aurantium) is a common ingredient in many weight loss and energy supplements due to its stimulant compounds, particularly synephrine. These compounds are chemically similar to ephedrine, the active ingredient in ephedra—a supplement banned by the FDA due to its association with serious heart risks. Bitter orange is marketed as a “natural” alternative, but studies show its effects on metabolism and appetite are modest at best and generally less potent than those of ephedra (source).

Doctors warn that bitter orange carries similar cardiovascular risks as ephedra, especially when combined with caffeine or other stimulants. Potential side effects include elevated heart rate, increased blood pressure, palpitations, and in extreme cases, heart attack or stroke. Individuals with pre-existing heart conditions, hypertension, or those taking stimulant medications are particularly vulnerable. Symptoms to watch for include chest pain, shortness of breath, dizziness, or irregular heartbeat. Because of these dangers, many healthcare providers recommend avoiding bitter orange for weight loss. If you are considering any stimulant-based supplement, especially for weight control, consult your doctor to discuss safer, evidence-based strategies and to minimize health risks.

Conclusion

As herbal supplements continue to gain popularity, it’s crucial to recognize that natural does not always mean safe. Many herbs interact with medications, affect organ function, or carry unexpected side effects, particularly when used without professional guidance. To protect your health, discuss any supplement use with your healthcare provider, especially if you have chronic conditions or take prescription drugs. Consider regular screenings or blood tests if you use supplements long-term. For further information, consult resources like the NIH Office of Dietary Supplements. By staying informed and weighing benefits against risks, you can make balanced, safer decisions regarding herbal remedies in your wellness journey.

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