Why Do I Have a Rash Between My Breasts?

1. Intertrigo

Intertrigo is a frequently diagnosed inflammatory condition that develops in skin folds, such as the area between the breasts. This rash arises when friction, combined with heat and moisture—often from sweat—causes the delicate skin to break down. The resulting environment becomes ideal for the growth of bacteria, fungi, and yeasts, which can further aggravate inflammation and discomfort. People with larger breasts, those who are overweight, or individuals living in hot and humid climates are at increased risk. Symptoms typically include redness, itching, soreness, and sometimes a foul odor or oozing.

Proper hygiene, breathable clothing, and moisture control are essential preventive measures. If left untreated, intertrigo can become chronic or lead to secondary infections. For more detailed medical information, visit the American Academy of Dermatology Association and the DermNet NZ resources. Consulting a healthcare provider is recommended for persistent or severe cases, as treatment may require topical medications or antifungal creams. Early identification and care can significantly improve both comfort and skin health in affected areas.

2. Heat Rash (Miliaria)

Heat rash, also known as miliaria, occurs when sweat ducts become blocked, trapping perspiration beneath the skin. This blockage is especially common in areas where skin folds restrict airflow, such as between the breasts. Hot, humid climates or intense physical activity can increase sweating, heightening the risk of developing heat rash. Symptoms often include small, red bumps, itching, or a prickly sensation. The rash may look like clusters of tiny blisters or pustules, and can be uncomfortable, especially under tight clothing or during prolonged heat exposure.

Miliaria is prevalent among individuals of all ages but particularly affects those who are overweight, wear non-breathable fabrics, or have limited access to cool, dry environments. Preventive strategies include wearing loose, light clothing and keeping the affected area dry. Most cases resolve on their own with cooling and improved ventilation. However, persistent or severe heat rash may require medical attention to prevent secondary infections. For more information, refer to the Mayo Clinic’s guide to heat rash and NHS advice on prickly heat for effective management and prevention tips.

3. Candidiasis (Yeast Infection)

Candidiasis, commonly referred to as a yeast infection, is a frequent culprit behind rashes in moist skin folds, such as the area between the breasts. This condition is most often caused by an overgrowth of Candida species, a type of fungus that naturally resides on the skin. Warm, damp environments—like those created by sweat and friction under the breasts—provide the perfect conditions for Candida to multiply rapidly, leading to infection.

The resulting rash typically appears as bright red, itchy patches that may be accompanied by a burning sensation. Sometimes, small pustules or satellite lesions (tiny red spots) develop around the main rash area. Risk factors include obesity, diabetes, excessive sweating, wearing tight or synthetic clothing, and the use of antibiotics or corticosteroids, which can disrupt the normal skin flora. Maintaining good hygiene, keeping the area dry, and wearing breathable fabrics can help prevent candidiasis. Over-the-counter or prescription antifungal creams are often effective treatments. For more details, consult the CDC’s candidiasis resource and DermNet NZ’s guide to candidal intertrigo.

4. Allergic Reaction (Contact Dermatitis)

Contact dermatitis is a skin condition that arises when the skin reacts to direct contact with irritants or allergens. Between the breasts, this type of rash can be triggered by sensitivity to various substances such as soaps, scented body washes, laundry detergents, or certain fabrics found in bras and clothing. The result is an itchy, red, and sometimes blistering rash that can be both uncomfortable and persistent. Symptoms may include swelling, burning, or even peeling of the skin, depending on the severity of the reaction and repeated exposure to the offending substance.

Individuals with sensitive skin or a history of allergies are more likely to develop contact dermatitis. Common culprits include fragrances, dyes, latex, or even metal fasteners found in undergarments. Managing this condition requires identifying and avoiding the allergen or irritant, using mild, fragrance-free products, and opting for natural, breathable fabrics. Topical corticosteroids or antihistamines may be recommended for symptom relief in more severe cases. For a comprehensive overview, visit the Mayo Clinic’s page on contact dermatitis and NHS information on contact dermatitis.

5. Seborrheic Dermatitis

Seborrheic dermatitis is a chronic inflammatory skin condition that typically affects areas rich in sebaceous (oil) glands, such as the scalp, face, and skin folds—including the region between the breasts. The exact cause is not fully understood, but it is believed to be linked to an overgrowth of a yeast called Malassezia and an abnormal immune response. This condition manifests as red, greasy patches of skin covered with white or yellowish, flaky scales. Itching and mild burning are common, and the affected skin may appear swollen or irritated.

While seborrheic dermatitis is not contagious or caused by poor hygiene, factors like stress, hormonal changes, cold weather, and certain medical conditions can exacerbate symptoms. The rash often fluctuates, with periods of improvement followed by flare-ups. Treatment typically involves medicated shampoos, antifungal creams, or topical corticosteroids to control inflammation and scaling. Maintaining gentle skin care and avoiding harsh soaps can also help manage the condition. For more information, visit the American Academy of Dermatology’s guide and NHS information on seborrheic dermatitis.

6. Psoriasis

Psoriasis is a chronic autoimmune condition characterized by an overactive immune system that accelerates the growth cycle of skin cells. This rapid turnover leads to the formation of thick, red patches covered with silvery or white scales. While commonly found on the elbows, knees, and scalp, psoriasis can also develop under the breasts, where it is often referred to as “inverse psoriasis.” In this location, the rash may appear smoother and less scaly due to the moist environment, but it still presents as sharply defined, red areas that can be itchy or sore.

The exact cause of psoriasis is not fully understood, but genetic and environmental factors, such as stress, infections, and certain medications, are known to trigger or worsen flare-ups. Unlike other rashes, psoriasis tends to be persistent and may require ongoing management. Treatments range from topical corticosteroids and vitamin D analogues to systemic medications and biologic therapies for severe cases. Early diagnosis and a tailored treatment plan can help control symptoms and improve quality of life. For further details, see the National Psoriasis Foundation’s overview and the NHS’s guide to psoriasis.

7. Eczema (Atopic Dermatitis)

Eczema, also known as atopic dermatitis, is a chronic skin condition influenced by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Individuals with a family history of eczema, asthma, or allergies are at greater risk of developing this condition. Eczema commonly appears as dry, red, and itchy patches, and while it often affects the hands, face, and inner elbows, it can also occur in skin folds such as between the breasts. The rash can become inflamed, cracked, or even weep clear fluid when scratched or irritated.

Environmental triggers such as heat, sweat, synthetic fabrics, harsh soaps, allergens, and stress can provoke or worsen eczema flare-ups in sensitive individuals. The skin’s barrier function is compromised in eczema, making it more prone to irritation and infection. Effective management involves identifying and avoiding triggers, maintaining proper skin hydration with gentle moisturizers, and using prescribed topical corticosteroids or other anti-inflammatory treatments during flare-ups. For persistent or severe cases, a healthcare provider may recommend additional therapies. More information is available from the National Eczema Association and the NHS atopic eczema resource.

8. Bacterial Infection (Cellulitis)

Cellulitis is a potentially serious bacterial skin infection that occurs when bacteria, most commonly Streptococcus or Staphylococcus species, enter the body through a break in the skin. In the area between the breasts, small cuts, abrasions, or even cracks caused by chronic rashes or scratching can provide an entry point for these bacteria. Once inside, the bacteria rapidly multiply, leading to an infection that spreads into the deeper layers of the skin and underlying tissues.

The hallmark symptoms of cellulitis include redness, swelling, warmth, pain, and sometimes the development of blisters or pus-filled bumps. The affected area may expand quickly, and systemic symptoms such as fever or chills can occur, indicating a spreading infection. Cellulitis requires prompt medical attention, as it can progress to more serious complications, including bloodstream infections if left untreated. Treatment typically involves oral or intravenous antibiotics. Individuals with weakened immune systems, diabetes, or chronic skin conditions are at higher risk. For additional information, visit the CDC’s cellulitis page and NHS guide to cellulitis.

9. Fungal Infections (Other Than Candida)

Beyond candidiasis, other fungal infections such as tinea—commonly known as ringworm—can develop in the folds beneath the breasts. Tinea is caused by dermatophyte fungi, which thrive in warm, moist environments and can easily infect areas where skin touches skin. These infections are highly contagious and may spread through direct skin contact or by sharing towels, clothing, or bedding with an infected person.

The classic appearance of tinea is a ring-shaped, red or pink patch with a slightly raised, scaly border and a clearer center. The affected area may itch, burn, or become tender, and sometimes multiple lesions can merge into larger patches. People who sweat heavily, wear tight or non-breathable clothing, or have compromised immune systems are particularly susceptible. Diagnosis usually involves a clinical examination and, occasionally, microscopic analysis or fungal cultures. Treatment centers on antifungal creams or oral medications, and strict hygiene measures are essential for preventing recurrence. To learn more about tinea and other fungal infections, visit the CDC’s ringworm resource and the DermNet NZ guide to tinea corporis.

10. Poor Hygiene

Poor hygiene is a significant factor that can contribute to the development and exacerbation of rashes between the breasts. Infrequent washing, especially in warm or humid climates, allows sweat, oil, dead skin cells, and environmental debris to accumulate in skin folds. This buildup creates a moist environment that is ideal for the proliferation of bacteria, fungi, and yeasts, all of which can trigger or worsen skin irritation and infection.

Wearing tight, non-breathable clothing further traps heat and moisture against the skin, increasing the risk of rashes and secondary infections. Synthetic fabrics or ill-fitting bras can exacerbate friction, leading to microscopic breaks in the skin that provide entry points for pathogens. Good hygiene practices—such as daily cleansing with gentle, unscented soaps, thorough drying of the area after bathing, and choosing breathable, loose-fitting clothing—are essential for prevention. Regularly changing bras and undergarments, especially after sweating, is also important. For more tips on good hygiene and skin care, refer to the CDC’s body hygiene recommendations and the NHS’s skin care tips.

11. Obesity

Obesity significantly increases the risk of developing rashes between the breasts due to the presence of additional skin folds and increased perspiration. These folds create warm, moist environments where sweat, oils, and debris can become trapped, making the skin more susceptible to irritation and infection. The friction from skin rubbing against itself can further break down the skin’s protective barrier, leading to conditions like intertrigo, candidiasis, and other bacterial or fungal infections.

People with obesity are also more likely to experience chronic inflammation and impaired skin healing, which can prolong or complicate skin rashes. Managing these rashes involves diligent hygiene, moisture control, and sometimes medical treatment for underlying infections. Weight management, where possible, can reduce skin folds and sweating, thereby lowering the risk of recurrent problems. Wearing loose, breathable clothing and using absorbent powders can also be beneficial. For more information about obesity and its impact on skin health, visit the CDC’s overview of obesity causes and effects and the DermNet NZ resource on skin problems in obesity.

12. Excessive Sweating (Hyperhidrosis)

Excessive sweating, medically termed hyperhidrosis, is a condition characterized by abnormally high perspiration levels beyond what is necessary for temperature regulation. When hyperhidrosis occurs in the chest area, it can lead to persistent moisture between the breasts, creating an ideal environment for skin irritation, rashes, and secondary infections. The constant dampness can break down the skin’s protective barrier, making it more vulnerable to conditions such as intertrigo, yeast infections, and bacterial overgrowth.

People with hyperhidrosis may find that standard hygiene practices are insufficient to keep the area dry, leading to recurrent and sometimes chronic rashes. Management strategies include using absorbent powders, applying antiperspirants designed for sensitive skin, and choosing moisture-wicking, breathable fabrics. In more severe cases, medical treatments such as prescription antiperspirants, oral medications, or procedures like botulinum toxin injections may be recommended to reduce sweating. For more information about hyperhidrosis and its management, see the American Academy of Dermatology’s hyperhidrosis overview and the NHS guide to excessive sweating.

13. Friction from Bras or Clothing

Wearing bras or clothing that do not fit properly, especially those made from synthetic fabrics, can be a significant source of friction and chafing between the breasts. Ill-fitting bras may rub against the skin, creating microtears or abrasions that weaken the skin’s protective barrier. This repeated friction, especially during physical activity or in hot weather, can quickly lead to irritation, redness, and the development of rashes. Synthetic fabrics, such as polyester or nylon, tend to trap heat and moisture, exacerbating the problem by creating a warm and damp environment ideal for skin breakdown and infection.

Symptoms of friction-induced rashes include soreness, stinging, and visible redness or raw patches where the bra or clothing comes into contact with the skin. In some cases, small blisters or peeling may occur. Prevention involves choosing bras that offer good support without being too tight, opting for natural, breathable fabrics like cotton, and ensuring that seams or underwires do not dig into the skin. Moisture-wicking materials and regular changes of clothing after sweating can also help. For more advice on choosing suitable bras and preventing chafing, visit the Breastcancer.org bra tips and the NHS skin care tips.

14. Allergic Reaction to Laundry Detergents

Allergic reactions to laundry detergents and fabric softeners are a frequent cause of skin irritation and rashes, particularly in sensitive areas like between the breasts. Many commercial detergents contain fragrances, dyes, and chemical additives that can leave residues on clothing, even after rinsing. When these substances come into prolonged contact with the skin, they can trigger an allergic response known as contact dermatitis. Symptoms often include redness, itching, swelling, and sometimes blistering or peeling of the skin in the affected area.

Individuals with sensitive skin or a history of allergies are especially prone to such reactions. The risk is heightened when wearing tight-fitting clothing, as increased friction can further irritate the skin. Switching to hypoallergenic or fragrance-free laundry products and avoiding fabric softeners can significantly reduce the risk of allergic reactions. It is also advisable to double-rinse clothes to remove any remaining detergent residues. For additional guidance on managing laundry-related skin allergies, visit the American Academy of Dermatology’s page on contact dermatitis and the NHS resource on contact dermatitis.

15. Shaving or Hair Removal

Shaving or using other hair removal methods in the area between the breasts can often result in skin irritation and rashes. The act of shaving can cause microtrauma—tiny nicks or abrasions to the skin—that disrupt the natural protective barrier. These small injuries not only lead to inflammation and redness but also create entry points for bacteria and fungi, increasing the risk of folliculitis or more widespread infections. Additionally, shaving against the direction of hair growth or using dull blades can further aggravate the skin and increase the likelihood of ingrown hairs, which can also become inflamed and form pustules.

Other hair removal methods, such as waxing or using depilatory creams, may introduce chemicals or cause additional irritation, especially in sensitive areas. To minimize the risk of rashes, it is important to use a clean, sharp razor, shave in the direction of hair growth, and moisturize the skin afterward. Avoiding shaving over existing rashes or broken skin is also crucial. For more tips on safe hair removal and preventing shaving-related skin issues, consult the American Academy of Dermatology’s shaving tips and NHS guide to ingrown hairs.

16. Breastfeeding

Breastfeeding can contribute to the development of rashes between the breasts due to increased moisture and prolonged skin-to-skin contact. Milk leakage is a common occurrence during nursing or pumping, and when breast milk accumulates in skin folds, it creates a warm, damp environment that can irritate sensitive skin and promote the growth of bacteria and fungi. Additionally, the frequent contact of the baby’s mouth and skin with the breast area may introduce further moisture and friction, exacerbating irritation and increasing the likelihood of developing rashes such as intertrigo or yeast infections.

Mothers may notice redness, soreness, itching, or even small cracks or blisters in the skin between or under the breasts. It’s important to keep the area clean and dry by changing nursing pads frequently, wearing breathable bras, and gently patting the skin dry after feeds. Using lanolin or other nipple creams may help protect irritated skin. If a rash becomes persistent, painful, or shows signs of infection, consulting a healthcare provider is essential. For more guidance, visit the La Leche League International’s resource on sore breasts and NHS breastfeeding problems page.

17. Hormonal Changes

Hormonal fluctuations that occur during different life stages—such as menstruation, pregnancy, or menopause—can significantly impact skin sensitivity and contribute to the development of rashes between the breasts. Shifts in estrogen and progesterone levels can alter the skin’s moisture balance, increase oil production, and sometimes compromise the skin’s natural barrier function. As a result, the skin may become more prone to irritation, dryness, or inflammation, particularly in sensitive areas like skin folds.

During menstruation, some women notice increased sweating and a higher likelihood of breakouts or rashes. In menopause, declining estrogen levels can lead to thinner, drier, and more fragile skin, making it more susceptible to chafing and irritation. These hormonal changes may also exacerbate existing dermatological conditions such as eczema or psoriasis. Adopting a gentle skincare routine, wearing breathable fabrics, and maintaining good hygiene are important strategies for minimizing discomfort during these times. If skin issues persist or worsen, consulting a healthcare provider is recommended. For further reading, visit the American Academy of Dermatology’s menopause and skin resource and the NHS guide to menopause symptoms.

18. Autoimmune Conditions

Autoimmune diseases occur when the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks its own tissues, and this can result in a variety of skin manifestations, including rashes between the breasts. Conditions such as lupus, dermatomyositis, and pemphigus vulgaris are known to cause distinctive rashes that may appear on the chest and other body regions. For example, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) often presents with a butterfly-shaped rash on the face, but it can also cause red, scaly, or purplish patches elsewhere, including beneath or between the breasts.

These rashes may be accompanied by other symptoms such as joint pain, fatigue, and sensitivity to sunlight. Autoimmune-related rashes are typically persistent, can flare unpredictably, and often require specialized treatment. Management may involve topical or oral corticosteroids, immunosuppressive medications, and strict sun protection. Early recognition and diagnosis are crucial for preventing complications and managing symptoms effectively. For more information about autoimmune skin conditions and their effects, visit the Lupus Foundation of America’s skin involvement resource and the NHS overview of lupus.

19. Medication Reactions

Certain medications can cause adverse skin reactions, including rashes that may develop between the breasts or in other body folds. Drug-induced rashes are a common side effect of antibiotics, anticonvulsants, and chemotherapy agents, among others. These rashes can appear as red, itchy patches, hives, or even blistering lesions, and may be accompanied by swelling or peeling of the skin. The onset can range from a few hours to several weeks after starting a new medication.

Antibiotics such as penicillins and sulfa drugs are particularly known for causing allergic reactions that manifest as widespread or localized skin eruptions. Chemotherapy drugs can also lead to a variety of skin changes, including dryness, sensitivity, and rashes due to their effects on rapidly dividing skin cells. If a rash coincides with starting a new medication, it’s important to seek medical advice promptly, as some reactions—like Stevens-Johnson syndrome—can be severe and require immediate intervention. For more information, visit the American Academy of Dermatology’s page on drug rashes and the NHS guide to medication side effects.

20. Diabetes-Related Skin Issues

Diabetes can significantly affect skin health, making individuals more prone to rashes and infections, including in the area between the breasts. High blood sugar levels impair the skin’s ability to retain moisture, resulting in dryness, cracking, and a weakened barrier that is more susceptible to irritation and microbial invasion. Additionally, diabetes reduces immune function and blood flow, slowing the healing process and increasing the risk of bacterial and fungal infections such as candidiasis and cellulitis.

Common diabetes-related skin problems include itchy rashes, darkened patches known as acanthosis nigricans, and recurrent fungal infections in skin folds. These issues are often aggravated by increased sweating and friction in areas where skin touches skin. Maintaining good blood sugar control, practicing diligent hygiene, and keeping skin folds dry are crucial for prevention and management. Promptly treating any skin irritation or infection is especially important for people with diabetes to avoid complications. For a comprehensive overview of skin complications in diabetes, visit the CDC’s resource on diabetes and skin problems and the American Diabetes Association’s guide to skin complications.

21. Paget’s Disease of the Breast

Paget’s disease of the breast is a rare form of breast cancer that typically begins in the nipple and can extend to the surrounding areola and breast tissue. This condition often presents as an eczema-like rash, characterized by redness, flakiness, itching, and sometimes oozing or crusting skin on and around the nipple. Unlike common rashes, Paget’s disease may persist or worsen over time, and it can be mistaken for benign dermatological conditions such as eczema or dermatitis, potentially leading to delayed diagnosis.

Other symptoms may include nipple inversion, discharge (sometimes bloody), and, in advanced cases, a palpable lump within the breast. The exact cause is not fully understood, but most cases are associated with underlying ductal breast cancer. Early recognition is critical, as prompt diagnosis and treatment—often involving surgery, radiation, and/or systemic therapies—can significantly improve outcomes. If you notice persistent changes to the nipple or areola, it is important to seek medical evaluation. For more detailed information, consult the American Cancer Society’s page on Paget’s disease and the NHS guide to Paget’s disease of the nipple.

22. Inflammatory Breast Cancer

Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is a rare but highly aggressive form of breast cancer that often presents with symptoms resembling a skin infection or rash. Early signs typically include sudden redness, swelling, warmth, and tenderness of the breast skin. The affected area may appear thickened or develop a pitted texture—sometimes described as “peau d’orange” due to its resemblance to orange peel. Unlike most breast cancers, IBC usually does not present with a distinct lump but instead spreads rapidly within the breast tissue and skin, which can make diagnosis challenging.

Because its symptoms mimic those of common skin conditions such as cellulitis or mastitis, IBC is sometimes misdiagnosed, resulting in delayed treatment. However, a lack of response to antibiotics or the persistence of symptoms should prompt further investigation for possible cancer. Early detection and prompt treatment—typically involving chemotherapy, surgery, and radiation—are crucial for improving outcomes. If you notice persistent redness or swelling of the breast that does not resolve, seek immediate medical attention. For more information, visit the American Cancer Society’s page on inflammatory breast cancer and the NHS guide to inflammatory breast cancer.

23. Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV)

The herpes simplex virus (HSV), most commonly known for causing cold sores and genital herpes, can also infect the skin on the chest and breast area. HSV outbreaks in this region typically result in the formation of clusters of small, painful blisters or vesicles on a red base. These blisters may ooze, crust over, and eventually heal, but they often cause significant discomfort, itching, and a burning sensation.

HSV is usually spread through direct skin-to-skin contact, which can occur during intimate contact or from autoinoculation—where the virus is transferred from another part of the body. In immunocompromised individuals, HSV infections may be more severe or recurrent. Outbreaks can be triggered by stress, illness, hormonal changes, or trauma to the skin. While the rash typically resolves on its own, antiviral medications can speed up healing and reduce the severity of symptoms. Proper hygiene and avoiding contact with open sores are important for preventing transmission. For more information about HSV, its symptoms, and treatment, refer to the CDC’s herpes simplex fact sheet and the NHS overview of herpes simplex.

24. Shingles (Herpes Zoster)

Shingles, or herpes zoster, is a painful skin condition caused by the reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus—the same virus responsible for chickenpox. After a person recovers from chickenpox, the virus remains dormant in nerve tissues and can reactivate years later, often during periods of stress or immune suppression. Shingles typically presents as a band or patch of red, blistering rash on one side of the body, frequently following the path of a nerve. The chest and area under the breasts are common sites, particularly in older adults.

Symptoms usually begin with tingling, burning, or localized pain before the rash appears. Soon after, clusters of fluid-filled blisters develop, which eventually crust over and heal. The pain can be intense and may persist even after the rash resolves—a condition known as postherpetic neuralgia. Early treatment with antiviral medications can reduce the severity and duration of symptoms. Vaccination is recommended for older adults to prevent shingles. For more comprehensive information, visit the CDC’s resource on shingles and the NHS guide to shingles.

25. Scabies

Scabies is a highly contagious skin infestation caused by the Sarcoptes scabiei mite. These microscopic parasites burrow into the upper layer of the skin to lay eggs, triggering an allergic reaction that manifests as intense itching and a rash. The itching is often most severe at night and can be especially pronounced in skin folds, such as between and under the breasts, where warmth and moisture provide an ideal environment for the mites.

The rash associated with scabies typically appears as small red bumps, blisters, or thread-like burrow marks, sometimes accompanied by crusting due to scratching. Persistent scratching can break the skin, increasing the risk of secondary bacterial infections. Scabies spreads easily through close physical contact or by sharing bedding, towels, or clothing with an infested person. Treatment involves prescription topical medications (scabicides) that kill the mites and their eggs, and it is crucial that all close contacts are treated simultaneously to prevent reinfestation. Environmental cleaning, such as washing clothing and linens in hot water, is also necessary. For more details, see the CDC’s scabies resource and the NHS guide to scabies.

26. Lichen Planus

Lichen planus is a chronic inflammatory skin condition that can affect various parts of the body, including the area between and under the breasts. It typically presents as flat-topped, shiny, purple or violaceous bumps that are intensely itchy. While lichen planus more commonly appears on the wrists, ankles, and inside the mouth, it can also affect skin folds, where the irritation may be exacerbated by friction and moisture. In some cases, the rash may develop a fine, white lacy pattern known as Wickham’s striae.

The exact cause of lichen planus is not fully understood, but it is believed to involve an abnormal immune response that targets the skin and mucous membranes. Triggers can include certain medications, infections, or stress, though in many cases no clear cause is identified. The rash can be persistent, and scratching may lead to thickening or darkening of the affected skin (lichenification). Treatment usually involves topical corticosteroids or other anti-inflammatory agents to reduce itching and inflammation. Severe or widespread cases may require oral medications. For more information, consult the American Academy of Dermatology’s guide to lichen planus and the NHS resource on lichen planus.

27. Hidradenitis Suppurativa

Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic, inflammatory skin disease characterized by the formation of painful lumps, abscesses, and tunnels (sinus tracts) in areas rich in sweat glands and hair follicles. The skin folds beneath and between the breasts are commonly affected, making this condition particularly distressing for many individuals. HS often begins as tender, pea-sized nodules that can rupture, ooze pus, and form deep scars as they heal. Over time, recurrent episodes can lead to the development of interconnected abscesses and extensive scarring, severely impacting quality of life.

The exact cause of HS is not entirely understood, but it is believed to involve a combination of genetic, hormonal, and environmental factors that result in blocked hair follicles and subsequent inflammation. Obesity, smoking, and a family history of HS are known risk factors. Managing the disease typically requires a multi-faceted approach, including topical or oral antibiotics, anti-inflammatory medications, and sometimes biologic therapies or surgical intervention for severe cases. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to prevent complications and minimize scarring. For further guidance, visit the American Academy of Dermatology’s overview of HS and the NHS information on hidradenitis suppurativa.

28. Mastitis

Mastitis is an inflammation of the breast tissue that most commonly affects breastfeeding women, although it can also occur in those who are not lactating. The condition often develops when milk ducts become blocked, leading to milk stasis and subsequent bacterial infection. Symptoms typically include localized redness, warmth, swelling, and pain in the affected area, which may be accompanied by a visible rash or patchy discoloration on the skin overlying the inflammation. Fever, malaise, and flu-like symptoms can also occur in more severe cases.

The skin changes in mastitis are usually well-defined and can sometimes be mistaken for other dermatological conditions. Prompt recognition and treatment are essential to prevent complications such as abscess formation. Management generally involves frequent breastfeeding or milk expression to relieve engorgement, proper breast hygiene, and, if a bacterial infection is suspected, a course of antibiotics. Applying warm compresses and ensuring proper latch during breastfeeding can also help reduce discomfort and promote healing. For more information, see the La Leche League International’s mastitis resource and the NHS guide to mastitis.

29. Dermatophytosis (Fungal Ringworm)

Dermatophytosis, commonly known as ringworm, is a contagious fungal infection caused by dermatophyte fungi. It can affect various parts of the body, including the skin under and between the breasts. Ringworm thrives in warm, moist environments, making skin folds a frequent site for infection. The condition is characterized by a distinctive ring-shaped, red or pink rash with a slightly raised, scaly border and a clearer center. The affected area may be itchy, and in some cases, multiple rings can merge or overlap.

Ringworm is spread through direct skin-to-skin contact or via contaminated clothing, towels, or bedding. Factors such as excessive sweating, wearing tight or non-breathable clothing, and compromised immunity can increase susceptibility. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment are important to prevent the spread of infection and minimize discomfort. Topical antifungal creams are typically effective, but oral antifungal medications may be needed for extensive or recurrent cases. Good hygiene practices, including keeping the area dry and avoiding sharing personal items, can help prevent reinfection. For more information, visit the CDC’s page on ringworm and the NHS guide to ringworm.

30. Impetigo

Impetigo is a highly contagious bacterial skin infection most often caused by Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pyogenes. Although it is more common in children, adults can also develop impetigo, especially in areas where the skin is broken or irritated, such as the folds under the breasts. The hallmark of impetigo is the appearance of red sores or blisters that quickly rupture, oozing fluid and forming characteristic honey-colored crusts. These lesions are usually itchy and may spread rapidly, particularly in warm, moist environments.

Impetigo can occur as a primary infection or as a secondary infection following other skin conditions, such as eczema or dermatitis, that compromise the skin barrier. The infection spreads easily through direct skin contact or by sharing towels, clothing, or bedding with an infected individual. Treatment typically involves topical or, in more severe cases, oral antibiotics. Maintaining good hygiene, keeping the affected area clean and dry, and avoiding scratching are important for preventing the spread. For more information about impetigo, its symptoms, and treatment, visit the CDC’s impetigo resource and the NHS guide to impetigo.

31. Allergic Reactions to Lotions or Creams

Allergic reactions to lotions, creams, and other skincare products are a frequent cause of rashes, particularly in sensitive areas such as between and under the breasts. Many commercial skincare products contain fragrances, preservatives, dyes, and other chemicals that can provoke irritation or allergic contact dermatitis. Symptoms often include redness, itching, swelling, and sometimes blistering or peeling in the area where the product was applied. In individuals with sensitive or compromised skin, these reactions can be more pronounced and persistent.

Even products labeled as “hypoallergenic” may cause reactions in some people, especially if the skin is already irritated or broken. The risk increases with frequent application or when using new products without patch testing first. If a rash develops after using a lotion or cream, it is advisable to discontinue the product immediately and gently cleanse the area with water. Mild cases may resolve on their own, but persistent symptoms might require topical corticosteroids or antihistamines as recommended by a healthcare provider. For more guidance, consult the American Academy of Dermatology resource on contact dermatitis and the NHS information on contact dermatitis.

32. Latex Allergy

Latex allergy is an immune response triggered by proteins found in natural rubber latex, which is commonly used in elastic bra straps, waistbands, and certain types of clothing. When latex-containing materials come into prolonged contact with the skin, individuals with a sensitivity or allergy can develop localized reactions. This may manifest as redness, itching, swelling, and the development of a rash precisely where the latex has touched the skin—such as under or between the breasts if a bra strap or garment contains latex components.

In some cases, the reaction may progress to blistering, scaling, or even more widespread symptoms if the allergy is severe. Individuals with a history of eczema, other allergies, or frequent exposure to latex (such as healthcare workers) are at increased risk. The most effective way to prevent latex allergy-related rashes is to avoid products containing latex and opt for latex-free alternatives, such as bras with cotton or silicone-based elastic. If a rash develops, removing the offending item and applying topical corticosteroids may help alleviate symptoms. For more details, refer to the American Academy of Dermatology’s latex allergy page and the NHS guide to latex allergy.

33. Metal Allergy (Nickel)

Nickel allergy is one of the most common causes of allergic contact dermatitis, and it can be triggered by metal components found in clothing, such as bra clasps, hooks, or underwire. When the skin comes into direct and prolonged contact with nickel-containing metals, an allergic reaction may develop, particularly in sensitive areas like between or under the breasts. The resulting rash typically appears as red, itchy, and sometimes blistered or scaly patches that correspond to the location of the metal exposure.

Symptoms may worsen with sweating, friction, or prolonged wear of bras containing nickel elements. Nickel allergy often persists throughout life, and repeated exposure can lead to chronic or recurrent rashes. The best prevention is to choose bras and clothing with plastic, coated, or nickel-free hardware. If a reaction occurs, removing the offending item and applying topical corticosteroids or soothing creams can help manage symptoms. For persistent or severe cases, medical advice should be sought. To learn more about nickel allergy and prevention, visit the American Academy of Dermatology’s resource on nickel allergy and the NHS guide to nickel allergy.

34. Sunburn

Sunburn occurs when the skin is overexposed to ultraviolet (UV) rays from the sun or tanning devices, resulting in inflammation, redness, pain, and sometimes blistering. The area between and under the breasts, particularly the cleavage, is especially susceptible to sunburn due to its sensitivity and frequent exposure when wearing low-cut tops or swimwear. Even brief periods of unprotected sun exposure can cause significant skin damage in these delicate areas.

Symptoms of sunburn include redness, tenderness, swelling, and, in severe cases, blistering or peeling. The affected skin may also feel hot to the touch and become itchy as it heals. Repeated sunburns increase the risk of developing long-term skin problems, including premature aging and skin cancer. Preventing sunburn involves using broad-spectrum sunscreen with a high SPF, wearing protective clothing, and avoiding peak sun hours. If sunburn occurs, applying cool compresses, moisturizing creams, and over-the-counter pain relievers can help soothe discomfort. Severe or blistering sunburn may require medical attention. For more information on sunburn prevention and treatment, see the CDC’s sun safety resource and the NHS guide to sunburn.

35. Radiation Dermatitis

Radiation dermatitis is a common side effect of radiation therapy, particularly for individuals undergoing treatment for breast cancer. This condition arises when ionizing radiation damages the skin cells in the targeted area, leading to inflammation, redness, and sometimes peeling or blistering. The skin between and under the breasts is particularly vulnerable due to natural folds and the potential for friction and moisture accumulation. Symptoms of radiation dermatitis may range from mild redness and dryness to severe ulceration and skin breakdown in more advanced cases.

Radiation-induced skin changes often develop gradually over the course of treatment and may persist or worsen for weeks after therapy concludes. The affected area can become tender, itchy, and more prone to infection. Preventative measures include keeping the skin clean and dry, using gentle fragrance-free moisturizers, and avoiding tight clothing that could cause friction. It’s crucial to follow the care instructions provided by the oncology team to minimize discomfort and reduce the risk of complications. For more information about radiation dermatitis and effective management strategies, visit the American Cancer Society’s page on radiation skin changes and the NHS guide to radiotherapy side effects.

36. Lymphatic Obstruction

Lymphatic obstruction occurs when the normal flow of lymph, a fluid that helps remove waste and fight infection, is blocked or slowed. This can happen due to surgery, radiation therapy, infection, cancer, or congenital abnormalities affecting the lymphatic system. In the breast region, lymphatic obstruction can lead to localized swelling, known as lymphedema, which may be accompanied by a feeling of heaviness, tightness, or discomfort. The accumulation of lymph fluid creates a moist environment that increases the risk of skin irritation and the development of rashes or infections.

The overlying skin may appear thickened, reddened, or pitted, and in some cases, chronic swelling can lead to secondary problems like cellulitis or fungal infections. Lymphatic obstruction is a particular concern for individuals who have had lymph nodes removed or damaged during breast cancer treatment. Effective management often involves compression therapy, specialized massage (manual lymphatic drainage), meticulous skin care, and sometimes physical therapy. For more information about lymphatic obstruction, lymphedema, and associated skin changes, refer to the American Cancer Society’s guide to lymphedema and the NHS resource on lymphoedema.

37. Insect Bites

Insect bites are a common cause of localized skin reactions that can sometimes be mistaken for a rash, particularly when several bites occur in close proximity or clusters. Bites from mosquitoes, fleas, bedbugs, or mites can produce red, itchy, and swollen bumps that may merge, creating the appearance of a rash in areas such as between or under the breasts. The skin in these folds is particularly sensitive, and scratching bites can lead to further irritation, infection, or even blistering.

In addition to itching and redness, insect bites may sometimes develop into small fluid-filled blisters or become surrounded by a ring of inflammation. For individuals with allergies to insect saliva or venom, reactions can be more pronounced and may include widespread swelling or hives. Preventing insect bites involves using insect repellents, wearing protective clothing, and ensuring sleeping areas are free from pests. Treatment usually includes topical antihistamines, corticosteroids, or oral antihistamines to relieve itching and inflammation. For further details on insect bites and their management, visit the CDC’s guide to insect bites and stings and the NHS resource on insect bites.

38. Allergic Reaction to Food

Food allergies can trigger systemic allergic responses that may manifest as skin rashes or hives (urticaria) in various parts of the body, including the chest and the area between the breasts. When the immune system reacts to a specific food protein, it releases histamine and other chemicals, leading to the sudden appearance of itchy, raised, red or pink welts on the skin. These hives are often round or oval and may merge to form larger patches. The rash can develop within minutes to hours after consuming the allergenic food and may move around the body or persist in one location.

Common food allergens include peanuts, tree nuts, shellfish, eggs, milk, and wheat, but any food can potentially cause a reaction. Other symptoms of a food allergy may include swelling of the lips or face, difficulty breathing, abdominal pain, or even anaphylaxis—a life-threatening emergency. Management involves avoiding known triggers, using antihistamines for mild reactions, and carrying an epinephrine auto-injector for severe cases. Prompt medical attention is vital for systemic or worsening symptoms. For more information, visit the CDC’s food allergy information and the NHS guide to food allergies.

39. Poison Ivy, Oak, or Sumac

Contact with poison ivy, oak, or sumac plants can cause a classic allergic skin reaction known as allergic contact dermatitis. The culprit is urushiol, an oily resin found in the leaves, stems, and roots of these plants. When urushiol comes into contact with the skin—even in small amounts—it triggers an immune response that leads to intense itching, redness, swelling, and the formation of fluid-filled blisters. These rashes often appear in linear streaks or patches, following the path where the plant brushed against the skin, and can affect any area, including the chest and the sensitive folds between the breasts.

The rash typically develops within 12 to 48 hours after exposure and may last for weeks if not properly treated. Scratching can break the blisters and increase the risk of secondary infection. Immediate washing of the skin and clothing with soap and water is crucial to remove urushiol and reduce the severity of the reaction. Treatment may include topical corticosteroids, calamine lotion, and oral antihistamines for itching. Severe or widespread reactions may require prescription medication. For more details, refer to the CDC’s guide to poisonous plants and the NHS information on contact dermatitis.

40. Drug-Induced Photosensitivity

Drug-induced photosensitivity occurs when certain medications make the skin more susceptible to the harmful effects of sunlight, resulting in rashes or exaggerated sunburn reactions. This sensitivity can manifest as redness, swelling, itching, or blistering, often in sun-exposed areas such as the chest and cleavage, including the sensitive skin between the breasts. Two main types of reactions are seen: phototoxic, where the drug reacts with UV light to damage skin cells, and photoallergic, where the immune system reacts to sun-altered drug molecules in the skin.

Common medications associated with photosensitivity include some antibiotics (such as tetracyclines and sulfa drugs), nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), diuretics, and certain antidepressants. Symptoms typically appear within hours to days after sun exposure and may resemble a severe sunburn or eczema-like rash. Preventive steps include reading medication labels, wearing protective clothing, and applying broad-spectrum sunscreen. If a drug-induced rash develops, it is important to consult a healthcare provider, who may recommend discontinuing the medication or prescribing treatments such as topical steroids. For more information, see the American Academy of Dermatology’s page on photosensitivity and the NHS guide to medication side effects.

41. Acne (Acne Inversa)

Acne, commonly thought of as a facial condition, can also occur in areas where skin is prone to friction, heat, and moisture—such as under the breasts. Acne inversa, also known as hidradenitis suppurativa in its more severe form, involves the formation of small red bumps, pustules, or even deeper nodules in body folds. The underlying cause is the blockage and inflammation of hair follicles due to trapped sweat, oil, bacteria, and skin debris. These clogged follicles can become infected, leading to painful, pus-filled lesions that may burst or form scars over time.

The appearance of acne under the breasts is similar to breakouts on the face or back, presenting as comedones (whiteheads or blackheads), papules, pustules, or cysts. Factors such as tight clothing, excessive sweating, hormonal fluctuations, and personal hygiene can all contribute. Treatment includes gentle cleansing, wearing breathable fabrics, and, if necessary, topical or oral acne medications. In persistent or severe cases, a healthcare provider may recommend antibiotics or specialized therapies. For more information about body acne and management strategies, visit the American Academy of Dermatology’s guide to body acne and the NHS resource on acne.

42. Occupational Exposure

Rashes between the breasts can sometimes be traced to occupational exposures, particularly in jobs that involve frequent contact with chemicals, irritants, or allergens. Healthcare workers, cleaners, hairdressers, food industry employees, and factory workers are among those at increased risk. Common workplace culprits include cleaning agents, solvents, disinfectants, latex gloves, dyes, and industrial chemicals that can cause both irritant and allergic contact dermatitis. These substances may come into contact with the skin directly or indirectly through contaminated clothing, aprons, or uniforms.

Symptoms often include redness, itching, swelling, and blistering, and may be exacerbated in warm, moist skin folds like those under the breasts. In some cases, ongoing exposure can lead to chronic skin problems or sensitization, making the skin more reactive over time. Preventive measures include using appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), changing contaminated clothing promptly, and following workplace safety guidelines. If a rash develops, it is important to identify and avoid the offending agent and seek medical advice if symptoms persist. For more information, see the CDC’s resource on occupational skin diseases and the NHS information on contact dermatitis.

43. Environmental Allergens (Pollen, Mold)

Environmental allergens such as pollen, mold spores, and dust mites are well-known triggers of respiratory allergies like hay fever, but they can also provoke skin reactions in sensitive individuals. When these airborne particles come into contact with exposed skin, especially in areas prone to sweat and friction such as between the breasts, they may cause allergic contact dermatitis or exacerbate existing skin conditions. Symptoms include redness, itching, hives, and sometimes small bumps or patches of eczema-like rash.

People with atopic tendencies or a history of allergies are more likely to develop skin reactions when exposed to these allergens. The risk is heightened during high pollen seasons or in damp environments where mold is prevalent. Preventive steps include showering and changing clothes after outdoor activities, using air purifiers indoors, and maintaining a clean, dry living environment. Antihistamines and topical corticosteroids may be recommended to manage symptoms. For persistent or severe rashes, a healthcare provider’s evaluation is important. For more details about skin reactions to environmental allergens, visit the American Academy of Dermatology’s guide to allergic reactions and the NHS information on skin rashes.

44. Breast Implants or Surgery

Breast implants and surgical procedures involving the breast can sometimes result in skin irritation, allergic reactions, or infections that manifest as rashes. Following surgery, the skin in the breast area may become sensitive due to incisions, sutures, dressings, and adhesives. Allergic contact dermatitis can occur in response to surgical tapes, topical antibiotics, or materials used in implants, such as silicone or other synthetic substances. In some cases, the body may react to these materials with redness, swelling, itching, or blistering in the skin overlying or surrounding the breasts.

Infection is another possible complication, particularly if bacteria enter through surgical wounds. This can lead to localized redness, warmth, pain, and sometimes pus or a spreading rash. Prompt recognition and treatment of infection are essential to prevent serious complications. Good postoperative care, including keeping the surgical area clean and monitoring for signs of allergic reaction or infection, is crucial for recovery. Patients experiencing persistent or worsening rashes after breast surgery should consult their healthcare provider. For more information, refer to the FDA’s guide to breast implant risks and complications and the NHS overview of breast implant surgery.

45. Breast Abscess

A breast abscess is a localized collection of pus within the breast tissue, most often resulting from a bacterial infection. This condition commonly affects breastfeeding women but can also occur in those who are not lactating. The infection typically begins as mastitis, but if left untreated or if the infection is severe, it can progress to abscess formation. Symptoms include a painful, swollen lump in the breast, accompanied by redness, warmth, and occasionally a visible rash or patchy discoloration of the overlying skin.

The area around the abscess may feel firm or tender, and the skin can appear shiny or stretched. Additional signs such as fever, chills, or general malaise may indicate that the infection is spreading. A breast abscess requires prompt medical attention, as it may need to be drained surgically or with a needle, in addition to antibiotic therapy. Maintaining good breast hygiene, especially while breastfeeding, and seeking early treatment for mastitis can help prevent abscess formation. For more information about breast abscesses, their symptoms, and treatment options, visit the Mayo Clinic’s breast abscess resource and the NHS guide to breast abscess.

46. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex autoimmune disease in which the immune system attacks the body’s own tissues, including the skin. One of the hallmark symptoms of SLE is the development of rashes, which can appear in various forms and locations, including the chest and the area between the breasts. The most well-known is the “butterfly rash” that spreads across the cheeks and nose, but SLE can also cause red, scaly, or purplish patches on the chest, back, and other sun-exposed areas.

Lupus-related rashes may be triggered or worsened by sunlight, stress, or hormonal changes. In addition to cutaneous symptoms, SLE often presents with joint pain, fatigue, fever, and organ involvement. Skin lesions may be persistent or come and go with disease flares. Managing lupus skin issues involves sun protection, topical corticosteroids, and sometimes antimalarial or immunosuppressive medications. Early diagnosis and comprehensive care are important for preventing complications and improving quality of life. For more information about lupus and its skin manifestations, see the Lupus Foundation of America’s resource on lupus and the skin and the NHS overview of lupus.

47. Dermatitis Herpetiformis

Dermatitis herpetiformis is a chronic, intensely itchy, blistering skin condition that is closely associated with gluten sensitivity and celiac disease. This autoimmune disorder occurs when the body’s immune response to gluten triggers the formation of IgA antibodies, which then deposit in the skin and cause inflammation. The resulting rash typically presents as clusters of small, red bumps and clear fluid-filled blisters, which can break open and crust over. While the elbows, knees, buttocks, and scalp are the most frequently affected areas, dermatitis herpetiformis can also appear on the chest or between the breasts.

Intense itching and burning often precede the appearance of blisters, and scratching can lead to further skin damage and secondary infections. Diagnosis is usually confirmed through skin biopsy and blood tests for celiac disease. The mainstay of treatment involves adopting a strict gluten-free diet, which can gradually lead to the disappearance of the rash and prevent recurrences. In some cases, medications such as dapsone may be prescribed to control symptoms. For more information, visit the Celiac Disease Foundation’s guide to dermatitis herpetiformis and the NHS resource on dermatitis herpetiformis.

48. Miliaria Rubra (Prickly Heat)

Miliaria rubra, commonly known as prickly heat, is a type of heat rash that occurs when sweat becomes trapped beneath the skin due to blocked sweat ducts. This condition is especially common in hot, humid environments where excessive sweating overwhelms the skin’s ability to dissipate moisture. The rash presents as clusters of small, red, itchy bumps or papules, often accompanied by a prickling or stinging sensation. Areas where skin folds or clothing restrict airflow—such as between and under the breasts—are particularly susceptible.

Miliaria rubra is most frequently seen in infants and young children, but adults can also be affected, especially during periods of intense heat or physical activity. The rash may be aggravated by tight or non-breathable clothing, further trapping heat and moisture against the skin. Treatment involves cooling the affected area, wearing loose, lightweight clothing, and keeping the skin dry. Most cases resolve on their own once the skin is allowed to cool. Persistent or severe cases may require topical treatments to reduce itching and prevent infection. For more details, visit the CDC’s guide to heat rash and the NHS resource on prickly heat.

49. Rare Genetic Skin Conditions

Rare genetic skin conditions can sometimes be the underlying cause of chronic rashes, particularly in body folds such as between and under the breasts. One notable example is Hailey-Hailey disease (familial benign chronic pemphigus), an inherited disorder characterized by recurrent, blistering rashes in areas subject to friction and moisture. The condition arises from a genetic defect that impairs the ability of skin cells to adhere to each other, resulting in painful erosions, oozing, and crusting in affected regions.

Symptoms of Hailey-Hailey disease often flare in response to heat, sweating, friction, or minor trauma. The rash may be accompanied by itching, burning, and a risk of secondary bacterial or fungal infections. Other rare genetic conditions, such as Darier disease, can also manifest with persistent, warty or crusted lesions in skin folds. Management typically focuses on minimizing triggers, maintaining good hygiene, and using topical or oral medications—such as corticosteroids, antibiotics, or retinoids—to control inflammation and prevent infection. For more information about rare inherited skin disorders, visit the American Academy of Dermatology’s guide to Hailey-Hailey disease and the NHS resource on Hailey-Hailey disease.

50. Idiopathic Rash (Unknown Cause)

Despite comprehensive evaluation, there are cases where the specific cause of a rash between the breasts cannot be determined. These are referred to as idiopathic rashes. Such rashes may present with redness, itching, swelling, or bumps, but do not clearly fit the pattern of any known skin condition, allergy, infection, or systemic disease. Idiopathic rashes can be frustrating for both patients and healthcare providers, as the lack of an identifiable trigger makes targeted treatment challenging.

In these situations, symptom management is the primary goal, which may include the use of gentle skin care routines, antihistamines, or topical corticosteroids to alleviate discomfort. It is crucial to monitor the rash for any changes in appearance, severity, or associated symptoms such as pain, fever, or systemic illness. Persistent or worsening cases should prompt further medical evaluation, as some underlying conditions may become more apparent over time. Keeping a symptom diary and noting possible triggers can also be helpful. For more information about undiagnosed or idiopathic rashes, see the American Academy of Dermatology’s resource on diagnosing rashes and the NHS guide to skin rashes.

Conclusion

Promptly identifying the cause of a rash between the breasts is crucial for effective treatment and prevention of complications. Given the wide range of potential underlying conditions—from mild irritations to serious infections or cancers—persistent, severe, or unusual symptoms should never be ignored. Seek medical care if the rash spreads, becomes painful, is accompanied by fever, or does not improve with basic care. Monitoring for warning signs and scheduling a dermatology consultation can help ensure accurate diagnosis and management. For more guidance on when to seek help, visit the American Academy of Dermatology’s advice on seeing a dermatologist and the NHS skin rash guide.

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