Early Diabetes Symptoms People Often Miss

1. Subtle Fatigue

One of the earliest and most commonly overlooked signs of diabetes is persistent fatigue. Many people attribute their tiredness to a busy lifestyle, lack of sleep, or everyday stress. However, when blood sugar levels fluctuate—either rising too high or dropping too low—the body’s ability to efficiently convert glucose into energy becomes impaired. This leads to a feeling of constant exhaustion, even after adequate rest.

Unlike regular tiredness, diabetes-related fatigue does not improve with more sleep or rest. It can be a subtle but ongoing problem, sometimes accompanied by a general sense of sluggishness or difficulty concentrating. If you find yourself unusually worn out for no obvious reason, especially if this persists for several weeks, it could be more than just ordinary tiredness.

It’s important to pay attention to your body’s signals. If fatigue is interfering with your daily activities, or if you notice it alongside other symptoms like excessive thirst or frequent urination, consider talking to your healthcare provider about diabetes screening. Early detection is essential to preventing complications. For more information on the link between fatigue and diabetes, visit the CDC’s diabetes symptoms page.

2. Frequent Urination (Polyuria)

A classic but often overlooked early symptom of diabetes is frequent urination, medically known as polyuria. When blood glucose levels are high, the kidneys work harder to filter and absorb the excess sugar. If the kidneys can’t keep up, the surplus glucose is excreted into the urine, pulling more water from the body in the process. This leads to more frequent trips to the bathroom—sometimes even waking you up several times at night.

Unlike urination caused by increased fluid intake, caffeine, or urinary tract infections, diabetes-related polyuria tends to persist and is often accompanied by an unquenchable thirst. You may notice that you’re producing larger volumes of urine than usual, and trips to the restroom become more urgent and disruptive.

If you find yourself needing to urinate much more often than usual—especially if it’s interfering with your sleep or daily activities—it’s important not to dismiss this sign. Persistent polyuria can be a warning flag that your blood sugar is not under control. To better understand this symptom and its implications, see guidance from the Mayo Clinic. If you experience this symptom, discuss it with your healthcare provider to determine if diabetes screening is needed.

3. Unusual Thirst (Polydipsia)

A strong and persistent sense of thirst—known medically as polydipsia—is another early sign of diabetes that people often overlook. As the body loses more fluids through frequent urination, it naturally tries to compensate by signaling a need for increased water intake. This cycle can create a constant feeling of thirst, no matter how much you drink.

It’s easy to mistake this symptom for simple dehydration, especially after exercise, being in hot weather, or consuming salty foods. However, diabetes-related thirst is different: it’s relentless and not easily quenched, even with regular or increased fluid intake. You might find yourself reaching for water throughout the day and night, yet never feeling truly satisfied.

If you notice that your thirst seems excessive or out of proportion to your activities, it’s important to consider underlying causes. Unusual thirst that accompanies other symptoms, like frequent urination or unexplained fatigue, should prompt medical evaluation. For more details on how polydipsia relates to diabetes, consult information from the American Diabetes Association. Early recognition of this symptom can make a meaningful difference in managing your health.

4. Unexplained Weight Loss

One of the more surprising early signs of diabetes—especially type 1, but also seen in type 2—is unexplained weight loss. This occurs even when a person is eating normally, or in some cases, consuming more food than usual. When the body cannot use glucose properly due to insulin problems, it starts breaking down fat and muscle for energy instead. As a result, weight can drop rapidly and unexpectedly.

Many people welcome sudden weight loss, especially if they have struggled with their weight in the past. This can make it easy to dismiss as a positive change rather than a warning sign. However, losing weight without trying—especially when paired with increased appetite, fatigue, or frequent urination—is a red flag that should not be ignored.

If you notice a significant or unexplained drop in weight over a short period of time, it’s important to consider potential medical causes, including diabetes. Unintentional weight loss is often overlooked because it doesn’t seem immediately alarming. For more information about this symptom, review the evidence from CDC: Diabetes Symptoms. Discuss any sudden changes in weight with your healthcare provider to ensure timely evaluation.

5. Blurry Vision

Blurry vision is a subtle but important early symptom of diabetes that many people dismiss as a result of aging or extended screen time. Elevated blood sugar causes the fluid in your eyes to shift, which can lead to swelling of the lens and a change in its shape. This process disrupts the eye’s ability to focus, causing your vision to appear blurry or out of focus.

These vision changes may be temporary and may even fluctuate from day to day. You might notice difficulty reading, driving, or working on a computer, and reach for your glasses more often. Some people attribute these changes to tiredness, dry eyes, or simply getting older. However, if your vision becomes noticeably cloudy or you experience sudden changes, it’s important to consider an underlying medical cause such as diabetes.

If blurry vision is accompanied by other symptoms—such as increased thirst, frequent urination, or unexplained weight loss—it’s essential to seek medical advice. Early intervention can help prevent long-term complications like diabetic retinopathy. For more on how diabetes affects your eyes, visit the American Academy of Ophthalmology.

6. Tingling or Numbness in Hands and Feet

One of the earliest warning signs of diabetes can be tingling or numbness in the hands and feet. This sensation, sometimes described as “pins and needles,” is a result of high blood sugar levels damaging the delicate nerves in your extremities—a condition known as diabetic neuropathy. Unlike the fleeting numbness that comes from sitting in one position too long, diabetes-related symptoms tend to be persistent and may worsen over time.

These sensations often start subtly, perhaps as a mild tingling or burning feeling, and can eventually lead to decreased sensitivity, pain, or even weakness. It’s easy to confuse this symptom with other causes, such as compressed nerves, vitamin deficiencies, or poor circulation. However, when tingling or numbness is chronic, bilateral, and not linked to a clear cause, it’s important to consider diabetes as a potential factor.

If you notice ongoing numbness or tingling—especially if it’s paired with other diabetes symptoms—schedule a checkup with your healthcare provider. Early intervention can help prevent further nerve damage and improve your quality of life. For more information about diabetes-related nerve issues, see the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases.

7. Slow-Healing Sores

A key but often ignored symptom of early diabetes is slow-healing sores or wounds. High blood sugar impairs the body’s natural healing process by affecting circulation and reducing the efficiency of immune cells. As a result, even minor cuts, scrapes, or bruises can take much longer to heal than usual. You may notice that small injuries linger for weeks, sometimes becoming red, swollen, or even infected.

This slow healing is particularly common on the feet and lower legs, areas where reduced blood flow is more likely. People often overlook this sign, attributing it to age, dry skin, or wearing the wrong footwear. However, persistent sores—especially if they recur or do not improve with basic care—warrant closer attention.

If you find that your skin injuries are unusually slow to close or show signs of infection, it’s important to seek medical advice. Prompt diagnosis and management of diabetes can help prevent serious complications such as ulcers or infections that may require advanced treatment. For more details about the link between diabetes and wound healing, visit the Joslin Diabetes Center.

8. Frequent Infections

Another early warning sign of diabetes that frequently goes unnoticed is a pattern of recurring infections. When blood sugar levels remain elevated, the body’s immune response becomes less effective. High glucose impairs the ability of white blood cells to fight off bacteria and fungi, resulting in an increased risk for infections—most commonly of the skin, mouth, and urinary tract.

People with undiagnosed diabetes may find themselves dealing with frequent cases of athlete’s foot, yeast infections, gum disease, or urinary tract infections (UTIs). These infections may persist, return quickly after treatment, or be more difficult to resolve than usual. It’s easy to dismiss these as simple bad luck or unrelated health problems, but a recurring pattern should be considered a red flag.

If you notice you’re experiencing infections more often—especially if they are slow to heal or keep coming back—it may be time to consider diabetes screening. A weakened immune system not only increases the risk of everyday infections but also raises the likelihood of more serious complications. For further insights on the relationship between diabetes and infection risk, visit the CDC: Diabetes and Infections.

9. Increased Hunger (Polyphagia)

A lesser-known but significant symptom of early diabetes is increased hunger, or polyphagia. When insulin levels in the body become unstable, glucose from food cannot effectively enter the cells for energy. This leaves the body feeling starved, even after eating a full meal. In response, you may notice a constant or sudden urge to eat, particularly craving carbohydrates or sugary foods.

Many people mistake this heightened appetite for stress, emotional eating, or changes in daily routine. It’s easy to dismiss a bigger appetite as a result of skipping meals, being more active, or simply indulging in comfort foods. However, when hunger becomes persistent or seems out of proportion to your usual needs, it could be a sign that your body is struggling to regulate blood sugar.

If you find yourself eating significantly more than usual without feeling satisfied—and especially if this is accompanied by other symptoms such as unexplained weight loss or fatigue—it’s time to pay closer attention. Chronic polyphagia is not just a lifestyle issue; it may be an early indication of diabetes. To learn more about increased hunger and its connection to diabetes, visit the American Diabetes Association.

10. Dry Mouth

Persistent dry mouth, also known as xerostomia, is a subtle early symptom of diabetes that is frequently overlooked. High blood sugar levels draw fluid from tissues, including those in your mouth, leaving you with a constant feeling of dryness, stickiness, or even a burning sensation. This effect is compounded by increased urination, which further depletes the body’s hydration.

Dry mouth is often mistaken for a side effect of medications, dehydration, or simply not drinking enough water. However, in the context of diabetes, the sensation tends to persist even when fluid intake seems adequate. You may also notice difficulty swallowing, cracked lips, or an increased incidence of mouth sores and bad breath.

If dry mouth is ongoing and does not improve with basic hydration or lifestyle changes—especially if it is accompanied by other signs like increased thirst or frequent urination—it should not be ignored. Left unchecked, chronic dry mouth can lead to dental problems and oral infections. For more information on the connection between dry mouth and diabetes, review the guidance from the American Dental Association.

11. Itchy Skin

Unexplained itchy skin is another early diabetes symptom that people frequently dismiss as a minor annoyance. High blood sugar levels lead to dehydration, resulting in dry, flaky skin that can become intensely itchy. Additionally, diabetes increases the risk of yeast infections, which thrive in warm, moist areas such as the folds of the skin, groin, underarms, or beneath the breasts. These infections can also cause persistent itching and discomfort.

Itchy skin linked to diabetes often affects larger areas or appears in cycles, sometimes accompanied by redness, swelling, or a rash. While occasional dryness might be attributed to seasonal changes or irritants, ongoing or severe itchiness—especially when creams and moisturizers offer little relief—should not be ignored. Itching in skin folds is a particular red flag due to the higher risk of fungal infections in these areas.

If you notice that your skin remains itchy, dry, or irritated despite proper skincare, or if you experience recurrent rashes, it may be time to consider diabetes as a possible underlying cause. For more on how diabetes can affect your skin, see this overview by the American Academy of Dermatology.

12. Darkened Skin Patches (Acanthosis Nigricans)

A striking but often overlooked sign of early diabetes is the appearance of dark, velvety patches of skin, a condition known as acanthosis nigricans. These patches commonly develop in body folds and creases—such as the neck, armpits, groin, and sometimes around the knuckles or elbows. The affected skin may feel thicker or softer than the surrounding area and can range in color from light brown to nearly black.

Acanthosis nigricans is a visible signal of insulin resistance, which is a core problem in type 2 diabetes. Excess insulin circulating in the bloodstream stimulates skin cells to grow faster, causing these darkened areas to form. Although this skin change is often painless and not itchy, it serves as an important warning sign that your body is struggling to manage blood sugar.

Not all cases of acanthosis nigricans are caused by diabetes, but its presence—especially alongside other symptoms—should prompt further medical evaluation. To learn more about this skin condition and its link to diabetes, refer to the Mayo Clinic’s acanthosis nigricans resource. Early recognition can support timely diagnosis and intervention.

13. Irritability or Mood Changes

Sudden irritability or unexplained mood swings are lesser-known early symptoms of diabetes that are frequently attributed to stress, personal issues, or changes in routine. Fluctuations in blood sugar levels can have a powerful effect on the brain, influencing how you feel and react emotionally. People with undiagnosed diabetes may notice increased frustration, anxiety, or even episodes of sadness that seem to come without clear reason.

These mood changes may occur alongside physical symptoms, but are often dismissed as reactions to a busy life or external stressors. When blood sugar drops too low (hypoglycemia), irritability, confusion, or even anger may arise suddenly. On the other hand, high blood sugar (hyperglycemia) can cause fatigue and a sense of being overwhelmed or withdrawn.

If you or those around you observe changes in your usual temperament—especially if they are persistent or paired with other physical symptoms—it may be worth considering blood sugar fluctuations as a possible cause. Managing diabetes can stabilize mood and improve overall mental well-being. For further information on the link between diabetes and mood, see the American Diabetes Association’s page on mental health and diabetes.

14. Headaches

Headaches are a common complaint, but when they occur frequently or without a clear trigger, they may signal an underlying issue such as diabetes. Fluctuating blood glucose levels affect brain function and blood vessels, which can contribute to the onset of headaches. Unlike typical tension headaches, which are usually linked to stress or muscle strain, diabetes-related headaches often develop when blood sugar rises or falls rapidly.

Low blood sugar (hypoglycemia) can cause headaches that are sharp, sudden, and sometimes accompanied by dizziness, sweating, or blurred vision. Conversely, high blood sugar (hyperglycemia) can cause dull, persistent headaches that may feel worse as glucose levels climb. These headaches might not be relieved by over-the-counter remedies or rest, making them distinct from headaches caused by dehydration, eye strain, or tension.

If you notice a pattern of headaches that coincides with other symptoms like fatigue, thirst, or irritability, it’s important to consider blood sugar as a possible cause. Consistently tracking your symptoms and discussing them with a healthcare provider can help uncover the underlying reason. For more about the relationship between diabetes and headaches, visit American Diabetes Association: Symptoms.

15. Poor Concentration

Difficulty focusing or experiencing brain fog can be an early and subtle symptom of diabetes. When blood sugar levels are unstable, the brain does not receive a steady supply of glucose, its primary source of energy. As a result, cognitive functions such as memory, attention, and decision-making can become impaired. You might find yourself easily distracted, forgetful, or struggling to complete tasks that once felt routine.

This decline in mental sharpness is often attributed to stress, lack of sleep, or overwork, making it easy to overlook its connection to diabetes. The sensation of “brain fog” may come and go, or it may persist, affecting both work and personal life. Sometimes, people also feel mentally sluggish, unable to process information as quickly as usual.

If you notice ongoing challenges with concentration, memory, or mental clarity—especially in combination with other physical symptoms—it’s important to consider unstable blood sugar as a possible cause. Early recognition and management of diabetes can help restore cognitive function and prevent further complications. For more on the effects of diabetes on the brain, see the CDC’s guide to diabetes and brain health.

16. Reduced Sex Drive

A reduced sex drive, or low libido, is a commonly overlooked symptom of early diabetes. Many people hesitate to discuss changes in their sexual health, yet diabetes can have a significant impact on hormones, blood flow, and nerve function—all of which are essential for sexual desire and performance. For both men and women, persistently high blood sugar can disrupt hormone levels, leading to decreased interest in intimacy.

Additionally, diabetes can damage the nerves and blood vessels that support sexual response, causing problems such as erectile dysfunction in men and decreased arousal or lubrication in women. These changes often develop gradually and may be mistaken for the effects of aging, stress, or relationship issues. Because sexual health is a sensitive topic, many people do not bring it up with their healthcare providers, allowing the underlying cause to remain unaddressed.

If you notice a persistent drop in sexual desire—especially alongside other early diabetes symptoms—it’s important to consider blood sugar as a factor. Open communication with your healthcare provider can help identify the root cause and lead to more effective treatment. For more information on how diabetes affects sexual health, visit the American Diabetes Association’s sexual health resource.

17. Frequent Yeast Infections

Recurring yeast infections are a common but often overlooked sign of early diabetes, especially among women. High blood sugar levels create an environment in which yeast, particularly Candida, can thrive. Glucose acts as a food source for yeast, making it easier for these organisms to multiply in areas that are warm and moist, such as the mouth, underarms, or genital region.

Women may notice frequent vaginal yeast infections, which can cause itching, burning, and unusual discharge. Men are not immune—yeast infections can also affect the skin or the head of the penis. These infections may persist despite standard treatment, or return quickly after resolving, which is a key reason to consider an underlying metabolic issue.

Many people attribute repeated yeast infections to hygiene habits, antibiotic use, or changes in hormone levels. However, when infections are frequent or resistant to typical therapies, diabetes should be considered as a potential cause. If you find yourself dealing with recurring yeast infections, discuss your symptoms with your healthcare provider. For more details on the link between diabetes and yeast infections, visit the CDC’s resource on genital candidiasis.

18. Gum Disease or Bleeding Gums

Oral health issues, particularly gum disease and bleeding gums, can be early and sometimes overlooked signs of diabetes. High blood sugar levels weaken the body’s ability to fight off bacteria, making the gums more vulnerable to infection and inflammation. This can lead to swollen, tender, or bleeding gums—especially when brushing or flossing.

Diabetes also reduces saliva production, which helps cleanse the mouth and neutralize acids. Less saliva means a greater chance for plaque buildup, further increasing the risk of gingivitis and periodontitis. If left untreated, gum disease can cause gums to pull away from the teeth, persistent bad breath, and even tooth loss.

Many people dismiss bleeding gums as a minor issue or blame poor brushing technique. However, if you notice ongoing gum problems—such as redness, swelling, or frequent bleeding—it’s important not to ignore these signs. Oral symptoms may be the body’s first way of signaling a blood sugar imbalance. For a deeper look into the link between diabetes and oral health, visit the American Dental Association’s diabetes and oral health page.

19. Frequent Colds or Flu

Experiencing frequent colds or flu can be another subtle sign of diabetes that often goes unnoticed. Diabetes impairs the immune system by affecting the function of white blood cells, making it harder for the body to fight off viruses and bacteria. This means people with undiagnosed or poorly controlled diabetes are more prone to catching minor illnesses or taking longer to recover from them.

You may notice that you pick up respiratory infections more often than those around you, or that each episode of cold or flu seems more severe or lingers for an extended period. Some people attribute this increased susceptibility to stress, lack of sleep, or being around children, overlooking the possibility of an underlying blood sugar problem.

If you consistently find yourself dealing with recurrent respiratory illnesses or seem to “catch everything that’s going around,” it may be time to consider your overall health and immune function. Timely management of diabetes can help restore immune strength and reduce your risk of complications from common illnesses. For more on how diabetes affects immunity, see the CDC’s resource on diabetes and infections.

20. Cuts and Bruises That Won’t Heal

One of the most telling early signs of diabetes is cuts and bruises that are slow to heal, particularly on the legs or feet. High blood sugar levels damage small blood vessels and nerves, leading to poor circulation and reduced oxygen supply to tissues. This impairs the body’s ability to repair wounds and fight off infection, causing even minor injuries to linger for weeks or develop complications.

You may notice that simple scrapes, nicks, or bruises take much longer to fade or close than expected. The skin on the lower legs and feet is especially vulnerable, as reduced blood flow in these areas can further delay the healing process. Small injuries may become red, swollen, or even infected, a problem that can escalate if left untreated.

Many people attribute slow-healing wounds to aging, dry skin, or minor trauma, but persistent issues should not be ignored. If you observe that cuts, scrapes, or bruises aren’t healing as they should, especially on your feet or legs, it’s important to consult a healthcare professional. Learn more about diabetes and wound healing from the Joslin Diabetes Center.

21. Loss of Interest in Usual Activities

A loss of interest in usual activities is a subtle but impactful symptom that can accompany undiagnosed diabetes. Chronic fatigue, unstable blood sugar, and the physical discomforts associated with early diabetes can all contribute to feelings of apathy or reduced motivation. You might find yourself withdrawing from hobbies, socializing less, or feeling indifferent toward things that once brought enjoyment.

This change in behavior is often mistaken for stress, burnout, or even depression. However, the psychological effects of diabetes result from both the physiological impact of fluctuating glucose on the brain and the emotional toll of persistent, unexplained symptoms. Over time, this lack of engagement can further diminish your quality of life and delay seeking help.

If you notice a sustained drop in enthusiasm or stop participating in activities you once enjoyed—especially alongside physical signs of diabetes—it’s important to consider blood sugar imbalances as a possible cause. Openly discussing these changes with your healthcare provider can lead to earlier diagnosis and improved emotional well-being. To learn more about the mental health effects of diabetes, visit the American Diabetes Association’s mental health resource.

22. Restless Sleep or Insomnia

Trouble sleeping or experiencing restless nights can be an early warning sign of diabetes. Elevated blood sugar levels disrupt the body’s natural sleep patterns, making it difficult to fall or stay asleep. One common culprit is nocturia—the need to urinate frequently at night—which can cause repeated awakenings and a sense of exhaustion come morning.

Aside from frequent bathroom trips, high glucose levels may also lead to physical discomforts such as leg cramps, tingling, or a general feeling of restlessness. This ongoing sleep disturbance leaves the body and mind without the restorative rest needed to function well during the day. As a result, you may notice increased irritability, poor concentration, or heightened fatigue.

Many people dismiss sleep troubles as a consequence of stress, aging, or poor sleep habits, but when insomnia is persistent and accompanied by other diabetes symptoms, it deserves closer attention. Addressing the underlying blood sugar imbalance can significantly improve sleep quality and overall health. For more on the relationship between diabetes and sleep, visit the Sleep Foundation’s page on diabetes and sleep.

23. Nausea or Vomiting

Nausea and vomiting are symptoms that can arise from many causes, but when they occur alongside other early signs of diabetes, they may indicate a problem with blood sugar regulation. Severe swings in glucose—either too high or too low—can disrupt normal digestive processes. When blood sugar is very high, the body may start to break down fat for energy, producing ketones that can lead to a dangerous condition called diabetic ketoacidosis, particularly in type 1 diabetes. This state often causes pronounced nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain.

Even before reaching the stage of ketoacidosis, frequent nausea or digestive discomfort may be present as the body struggles to manage fluctuating glucose levels. These symptoms are often mistaken for food poisoning, viral infections, or reactions to certain foods. Persistent or unexplained digestive issues, however, should not be ignored—especially if accompanied by thirst, fatigue, or frequent urination.

If you experience ongoing nausea or vomiting that doesn’t improve or recurs without an obvious cause, it’s important to consider blood sugar imbalances as a possible culprit. For more information about diabetes and digestive symptoms, visit the CDC’s guide on diabetes symptoms.

24. Fruity Breath Odor

A distinctive fruity or sweet breath odor is a lesser-known but serious early warning sign of uncontrolled diabetes. When the body lacks enough insulin to use glucose for energy, it begins breaking down fat for fuel. This process produces byproducts called ketones, which can accumulate in the blood and be exhaled through the lungs, giving the breath a fruity or acetone-like smell.

This symptom is often associated with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), a potentially life-threatening complication more common in type 1 diabetes but possible in type 2 as well. While mild breath changes might go unnoticed or be mistaken for dietary factors like fruit consumption or fasting, a persistent sweet or unusual odor—especially combined with nausea, vomiting, or confusion—requires immediate medical attention.

Early recognition of fruity breath can lead to prompt intervention and prevent severe complications. If you or someone you know develops this symptom alongside other signs of high blood sugar, seek medical care right away. For a deeper understanding of ketones and breath odor in diabetes, visit the Mayo Clinic’s diabetic ketoacidosis page.

25. Unsteady Balance or Dizziness

Episodes of unsteady balance or dizziness can signal early blood sugar problems often associated with diabetes. Both low blood sugar (hypoglycemia) and high blood sugar (hyperglycemia) can disrupt the brain’s access to energy and alter normal nerve signaling. Sudden drops in glucose can cause lightheadedness, a feeling of “floating,” or even fainting, while persistently high glucose may lead to chronic dizziness and unsteadiness.

These symptoms might appear when standing up too quickly, after skipping meals, or during periods of physical exertion. Some individuals experience vertigo or a spinning sensation, while others simply feel off-balance or less sure-footed than usual. It’s easy to dismiss these sensations as dehydration, fatigue, or simply moving too fast, but repeated episodes—especially if they lead to near-falls or actual falls—warrant closer attention.

Unsteady balance not only affects day-to-day safety but can also be a warning of more serious underlying nerve or vascular complications associated with diabetes. If you find yourself experiencing unexplained dizziness or instability, discuss your symptoms with a healthcare provider. For more on diabetes and dizziness, visit the American Diabetes Association: Symptoms.

26. Muscle Weakness

Persistent muscle weakness is a symptom that often develops gradually and is frequently mistaken for the natural effects of aging or reduced physical activity. In diabetes, unstable blood sugar and metabolic dysfunction prevent muscles from receiving and efficiently using glucose—their primary energy source. As a result, muscles may become noticeably weaker, making everyday tasks like climbing stairs, lifting objects, or even walking more difficult.

Muscle weakness in diabetes is sometimes accompanied by a general sense of heaviness or fatigue, and it may be more pronounced after periods of inactivity. Because this change can be subtle at first, many people attribute it to a sedentary lifestyle, lack of exercise, or simply “getting older.” However, when muscle strength continues to decline despite reasonable activity or nutrition, it’s a sign that something more serious may be at play.

If you notice that your muscles tire quickly, feel unusually weak, or take longer to recover from exertion—especially if this occurs along with other diabetes symptoms—it’s important to seek medical evaluation. Proper diabetes management can help restore muscle function and prevent further decline. For more information on diabetes and muscle health, visit the CDC’s diabetes symptoms resource.

27. Increased Sweating

Episodes of increased sweating, particularly at night, can be an early but easily dismissed symptom of diabetes. Fluctuating blood sugar levels disrupt the autonomic nervous system, which controls sweating and other involuntary body functions. Low blood sugar (hypoglycemia) is especially notorious for triggering sudden, excessive perspiration—even in cool environments or while at rest.

Night sweats—waking up drenched or having to change bedding—are a classic example. However, some people also notice daytime sweating that doesn’t fit with their activity level or room temperature. Because sweating can be caused by many factors, such as hormonal shifts, stress, or certain medications, it’s often overlooked as a sign of glucose instability.

If you experience frequent or unexplained episodes of heavy sweating—especially if it disrupts your sleep or is accompanied by shakiness, anxiety, or rapid heartbeat—it’s worth discussing with your healthcare provider. Understanding the cause is vital, as persistent glucose swings can lead to more serious health complications if left unchecked. For more about sweating and diabetes, visit the American Diabetes Association: Skin Complications.

28. Swollen Gums

Swollen gums are an early oral symptom that can signal undiagnosed diabetes. High blood sugar impairs the body’s ability to fight off bacteria, making the gums more susceptible to infection and inflammation. You may notice puffiness, redness, or tenderness along the gumline—often most obvious during brushing or flossing.

Swollen gums can bleed easily and may recede from the teeth, leaving them feeling loose or sensitive. This inflammation is not only uncomfortable but also increases the risk of more serious gum disease, such as periodontitis, if left untreated. Many people attribute gum swelling to brushing too hard, using the wrong toothpaste, or eating irritating foods, but persistent inflammation should not be ignored.

If you consistently experience swollen, sore, or bleeding gums—especially if these symptoms are accompanied by other early signs of diabetes—it’s important to discuss your oral health with both your dentist and healthcare provider. Timely intervention can prevent further dental complications and may lead to an earlier diagnosis of diabetes. For more on diabetes and oral health, refer to the American Dental Association’s guide to diabetes and oral health.

29. Decreased Vision at Night

A lesser-known but significant early symptom of diabetes is decreased vision at night. High blood sugar levels can temporarily alter the shape and function of the eye’s lens and retina, making it harder for your eyes to adapt to low-light conditions. This is sometimes first noticed while driving at night, when glare from headlights or difficulty seeing road markings becomes more apparent.

Night vision problems might include increased sensitivity to bright lights, halos, or a general difficulty distinguishing details in the dark. These changes often fluctuate with blood sugar levels and may come and go, further complicating their recognition as symptoms of an underlying health issue. People often attribute night vision decline to aging, fatigue, or simply needing new glasses, missing the crucial connection to blood glucose.

If you find that night driving is becoming more stressful or that you’re struggling in dimly lit environments, it’s important to consider blood sugar as a contributing factor—especially if paired with other diabetes symptoms. For more about diabetes and its effect on vision, see the American Academy of Ophthalmology’s guide to diabetic eye disease.

30. Erectile Dysfunction

For men, erectile dysfunction (ED) can be an early and distressing sign of diabetes. Diabetes damages the blood vessels and nerves that are essential for achieving and maintaining an erection. High blood sugar levels reduce blood flow to the penis and impair the delicate nerve signals required for normal sexual function. These vascular and neurological effects often develop gradually, making the connection to diabetes easy to miss.

ED caused by diabetes may present as difficulty achieving an erection, a reduced ability to maintain it, or less firmness during intercourse. Men may mistakenly attribute these challenges to stress, aging, or relationship issues rather than an underlying health problem. Because discussing sexual difficulties can be uncomfortable, many men avoid seeking help, delaying diagnosis and treatment.

If you experience persistent erectile problems—especially if they occur alongside other symptoms such as fatigue, increased urination, or changes in vision—consider speaking with your healthcare provider. Addressing the root cause, such as blood sugar management, can often improve both sexual function and overall health. For more information on diabetes and erectile dysfunction, visit the Urology Care Foundation’s diabetes and urologic health page.

31. Persistent Skin Infections

Recurring bacterial or fungal skin infections can be a subtle but important indicator of uncontrolled blood glucose in early diabetes. Elevated sugar levels impair the body’s immune defenses, making it easier for pathogens to invade and multiply. Common infections include boils, styes, carbuncles, and fungal rashes—especially in warm, moist areas such as the armpits, groin, or under the breasts.

These infections may seem minor at first but tend to recur or linger despite regular hygiene and standard treatments. Redness, swelling, tenderness, and discharge are typical signs, and sometimes the skin may feel hot to the touch. People often attribute these problems to poor skin care, allergies, or environmental factors, overlooking the underlying metabolic cause.

If you notice frequent or chronic skin infections—particularly if they do not respond to over-the-counter remedies or keep returning—it’s important to consider diabetes as a potential reason. Prompt diagnosis and glucose management can significantly reduce the frequency and severity of these infections. For more detailed information about skin problems and diabetes, visit the American Academy of Dermatology’s diabetes skin overview.

32. Loss of Appetite

A noticeable loss of appetite can occur in the early stages of diabetes, especially when blood sugar levels are poorly controlled. Metabolic disturbances caused by fluctuating glucose and insulin levels can interfere with the body’s hunger signals, leading to a reduced interest in food. This is sometimes accompanied by digestive discomfort, nausea, or a persistent feeling of fullness, making eating less appealing.

Loss of appetite in diabetes can further contribute to unintentional weight loss, compounding the risks associated with undiagnosed or untreated high blood sugar. People may dismiss this symptom as a result of stress, depression, or minor illness, not realizing that it can be a red flag for a more serious metabolic issue. In some cases, the buildup of ketones—seen in severe hyperglycemia—can also suppress hunger and cause additional digestive symptoms.

If you find yourself eating less or no longer enjoying food, and this change persists for more than a few days—especially if it coincides with other signs of diabetes—it’s wise to consult your healthcare provider. For more about appetite changes and diabetes, visit the CDC’s diabetes symptoms guide.

33. Delayed Recovery from Illness

A subtle yet impactful sign of diabetes is a delayed recovery from minor illnesses, such as the common cold or routine infections. People with undiagnosed diabetes often notice that it takes them longer to bounce back compared to friends, family, or colleagues. High blood sugar impairs immune cell function, making it harder for the body to efficiently fight off pathogens and repair tissues after an illness.

You may observe that symptoms of a cold, sinus infection, or mild respiratory bug linger for weeks, or that fatigue and malaise persist long after others have recovered. This slow healing is not just frustrating—it can increase the risk of complications and secondary infections. Often, people attribute drawn-out illness to age, stress, or lack of rest, overlooking the possibility of underlying metabolic disruptions.

If you consistently experience prolonged recovery times from common illnesses, particularly when this is a new or worsening pattern, it’s important to consider diabetes as a potential cause. Timely diagnosis and management can help restore immune strength. For more on how diabetes affects recovery and immunity, visit the CDC’s resource on diabetes and infections.

34. Cold Hands and Feet

Experiencing cold hands and feet is a symptom that can be linked to diabetes, particularly when it appears alongside other metabolic warning signs. High blood sugar damages blood vessels and nerves, leading to poor circulation in the extremities. As a result, your hands and feet may often feel noticeably colder than the rest of your body, even in warm environments.

This sensation can be persistent or come and go, sometimes accompanied by numbness, tingling, or a bluish tint to the skin. People often attribute chilly extremities to cold weather, inactivity, or simple aging, but when poor circulation is the culprit, it deserves closer attention. In more advanced cases, inadequate blood flow may slow healing and increase the risk of infections or ulcers in the feet.

If you notice that your hands and feet are regularly cold or difficult to warm up—especially if this is a new development—it’s a good idea to talk with your healthcare provider. Addressing diabetes-related circulatory problems early can help prevent further complications. For more about circulation and diabetes, visit the CDC’s diabetes symptoms resource.

35. Increased Cravings for Sweets

An increased craving for sweets can be a surprisingly telling early sign of diabetes, particularly type 2. As insulin resistance develops, the body’s cells become less effective at absorbing glucose from the bloodstream. This leaves the brain and muscles “hungry” for energy, often triggering a strong desire for sugary foods and drinks. You may find yourself reaching for desserts, candies, or sweetened beverages more often, even if you previously had little interest in them.

These cravings are frequently dismissed as nothing more than habit, stress eating, or lack of willpower. However, when you consistently crave sweets—especially between meals or late at night—it may reflect your body’s struggle to regulate blood sugar. Some people also notice that eating sugar provides only temporary relief before the urge returns.

If you observe a significant change in your appetite for sugary foods, it’s important to consider whether insulin resistance or early diabetes could be playing a role. Discussing your symptoms with a healthcare professional can help pinpoint the cause and guide appropriate testing. For further reading, see the American Diabetes Association’s diabetes symptoms resource.

36. Loss of Hair on Legs or Arms

A subtle but telling symptom of diabetes-related vascular problems is the loss or thinning of hair on the legs or arms. Chronic high blood sugar can damage the small blood vessels that supply nutrients and oxygen to hair follicles. As circulation diminishes, hair growth slows and existing hair becomes brittle, sparse, or falls out entirely—most noticeably on the lower legs, feet, or forearms.

Many people chalk up this change to normal aging, friction from clothing, or even genetics. However, a distinct reduction in hair on the extremities—especially when paired with other signs of poor circulation, such as cold feet or slow-healing wounds—may be an early vascular warning sign of diabetes. You might also notice that the skin in these areas appears shinier or thinner than usual.

If you observe a sudden or progressive loss of hair on your legs or arms, it’s important to consider underlying health concerns, including diabetes. Early detection and improved blood sugar management can help prevent further vascular complications. For more on this topic, visit the American Academy of Dermatology’s diabetes skin resource.

37. Difficulty Seeing Colors

One of the more subtle but important early effects of diabetes on vision is difficulty seeing colors clearly. Chronically high blood sugar can damage the small blood vessels and nerves in the retina—the light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye—which is crucial for color perception. As a result, colors may appear faded, less vibrant, or you may have trouble distinguishing between certain shades, especially blues and yellows.

These changes can develop gradually and are often attributed to normal aging, eye fatigue, or poor lighting. However, persistent or worsening difficulty in perceiving colors should raise suspicion for underlying retinal issues, such as diabetic retinopathy. You might first notice these changes when performing tasks that require color discrimination, like reading colored text, matching clothes, or noticing traffic lights.

If you experience alterations in the way you see colors—particularly when accompanied by other vision changes—it’s vital to schedule an eye exam and discuss your symptoms with your healthcare provider. Early detection can prevent further retinal damage and preserve vision. For more information about diabetes and color vision, visit the American Academy of Ophthalmology’s diabetic eye disease page.

38. Hearing Loss

Emerging research has highlighted a notable link between diabetes and gradual hearing loss. High blood sugar can damage the small blood vessels and nerves in the inner ear, impairing the transmission of sound signals to the brain. This process may cause subtle hearing changes that develop slowly over time, making it easy to mistake them for the natural effects of aging.

You may notice that conversations sound muffled, background noise becomes more distracting, or you frequently need to ask others to repeat themselves. In some cases, high-pitched sounds are the first to fade, and you might find it difficult to follow group discussions or hear the television at normal volumes. These changes often go unrecognized until they interfere with daily life.

If you detect a new or worsening decrease in your ability to hear—especially if it’s accompanied by other symptoms of diabetes—it’s worth mentioning to your healthcare provider. Early intervention can help manage hearing loss and improve quality of life. For more on the relationship between diabetes and hearing, visit the CDC’s resource on diabetes complications.

39. Muscle Cramps

Frequent muscle cramps, especially at night, can be an overlooked early indicator of diabetes. When blood sugar levels remain high, the kidneys work harder to excrete excess glucose, leading to increased urination and loss of vital electrolytes, such as potassium, magnesium, and calcium. These electrolyte imbalances disrupt normal muscle function, triggering painful cramps or spasms—most commonly in the legs or feet.

Nighttime cramps can wake you from sleep, causing sharp, involuntary contractions that may last from a few seconds to several minutes. They are often dismissed as dehydration, overexertion, or simply “sleeping wrong.” However, when cramps become frequent, severe, or resistant to typical remedies, it’s important to consider underlying causes like diabetes.

Pay attention if you notice a pattern of muscle cramps that coincides with other early diabetes symptoms such as fatigue, increased thirst, or frequent urination. Correcting blood sugar levels and addressing electrolyte imbalances can significantly reduce cramping. For more on diabetes and muscle cramps, visit the American Diabetes Association’s page on nerve complications.

40. Restless Leg Syndrome

Restless Leg Syndrome (RLS) is a neurological condition that causes uncomfortable sensations in the legs, typically during the evening or at night. People with diabetes are at increased risk for RLS due to nerve changes—specifically, diabetic neuropathy—that alter how nerves signal sensations to the brain. These sensations may include tingling, crawling, itching, or a deep urge to move the legs for relief.

RLS can make it difficult to fall asleep or stay asleep, leading to significant fatigue and frustration. The symptoms often worsen during periods of rest or inactivity and may temporarily improve with movement, such as stretching or walking. Because these sensations are hard to describe and can come and go, many people attribute them to muscle fatigue, poor circulation, or simply aging.

If you experience nightly urges to move your legs or discomfort that disrupts your sleep, especially in combination with other early signs of diabetes, it’s important to mention them to your healthcare provider. Addressing blood sugar control and nerve health can help manage RLS symptoms. For more about the connection between diabetes and restless leg syndrome, visit the Sleep Foundation’s page on diabetes and sleep.

41. Difficulty Fighting Off Minor Injuries

A subtle but telling sign of early diabetes is difficulty fighting off minor injuries, such as scrapes, blisters, or small cuts. High blood sugar weakens the immune response and impairs the body’s natural healing abilities. As a result, injuries that would typically heal quickly can become inflamed, linger for weeks, or even worsen with time.

What starts as a simple blister or nick may progress to redness, swelling, or even minor infection—sometimes requiring medical treatment. This is especially common on the feet and lower legs, where circulation problems further slow the healing process. People may notice that bandages need to be replaced frequently or that wounds develop scabs but never fully close.

These persistent problems are often mistaken for poor wound care, friction from shoes, or exposure to irritants. However, if you find that your body struggles to heal minor injuries and you experience repeated or worsening wounds, it’s important to consider blood sugar as a possible culprit. For more on diabetes and healing, visit the Joslin Diabetes Center’s wound healing resource.

42. Recurring Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs)

Frequent or recurring urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a common but often overlooked sign of early diabetes, especially in women. When blood sugar levels are high, excess glucose spills into the urine, creating a nutrient-rich environment that fosters rapid bacterial growth in the urinary tract. This makes infections more likely and more difficult to clear, even with treatment.

People may notice symptoms such as burning with urination, increased urgency or frequency, pelvic discomfort, or cloudy and foul-smelling urine. While an isolated UTI can happen to anyone, repeated episodes in a short period or infections that don’t resolve with antibiotics should raise concern for underlying blood sugar problems. Sometimes, these infections can spread to the kidneys, causing more severe illness.

Many attribute recurrent UTIs to hygiene, dehydration, or stress, but persistent infections are a sign that it’s time to look deeper. If you experience multiple UTIs within a year or ongoing symptoms despite treatment, ask your healthcare provider about diabetes testing. To learn more about the connection, visit the CDC’s resource on diabetes and infections.

43. Red or Puffy Eyes

Red or puffy eyes can be an early sign of diabetes due to changes in the small blood vessels that supply the eyes. High blood sugar causes these delicate vessels to swell, leak, or become damaged, resulting in inflammation and visible redness or puffiness. This effect may be subtle at first, with eyes appearing slightly bloodshot or swollen—especially after waking up or after periods of prolonged screen use.

Diabetes-related changes in eye blood vessels can also make the eyes feel gritty, itchy, or irritated, sometimes with mild discharge. People often attribute these symptoms to allergies, lack of sleep, or eye strain, but persistent redness or swelling should not be overlooked. Chronic eye inflammation can set the stage for more serious complications, such as diabetic retinopathy or increased risk of infection.

If you notice your eyes are frequently red, puffy, or uncomfortable—particularly in conjunction with other diabetes symptoms—it’s important to seek evaluation from both your healthcare provider and eye doctor. For more on how diabetes affects eye health, visit the American Academy of Ophthalmology’s diabetic eye disease resource.

44. Changes in Skin Texture

Noticeable changes in skin texture may be an early and subtle indication of diabetes. High blood sugar leads to dehydration, which draws moisture away from the skin and makes it feel rough, dry, or even leathery to the touch. In addition, poor circulation associated with diabetes reduces the delivery of nutrients and oxygen to the skin, slowing down cell renewal and healing.

You might observe patches of thickened, tight, or waxy skin on the hands, feet, or shins. Sometimes, the skin appears shiny, less elastic, or develops small bumps or plaques. These texture changes are often mistaken for normal aging, harsh weather, or lack of moisturizing—yet persistent roughness or thickening, especially along with other diabetes warning signs, deserves closer scrutiny.

Consistent changes in your skin’s feel or appearance can precede more serious complications if diabetes is left unmanaged. If moisturizing and lifestyle changes do not resolve these skin symptoms, discuss them with your healthcare provider. For additional information on diabetes and skin changes, visit the American Academy of Dermatology’s diabetes skin problems overview.

45. Loss of Coordination

A subtle yet significant early sign of diabetes is loss of coordination, especially when it comes to fine motor skills. High blood sugar can lead to nerve damage (diabetic neuropathy) that affects the hands and fingers, making precise movements more difficult. Tasks that once felt automatic—like buttoning a shirt, tying shoelaces, or picking up small objects—may suddenly seem awkward or require much more concentration.

This reduction in dexterity might also be accompanied by slight tremors, numbness, or tingling in the fingers. Such changes are often attributed to aging, arthritis, or fatigue, but when paired with other diabetes symptoms, they point to a deeper issue with nerve health. It’s not unusual for people to notice they’re dropping things more often or that handwriting becomes less steady and controlled.

If you begin to experience persistent problems with coordination or fine motor tasks, it’s important to discuss these symptoms with your healthcare provider. Early diagnosis and blood sugar management can help prevent further nerve damage and restore normal function. For more on diabetes and nerve complications, see the NIDDK’s guide to diabetic neuropathies.

46. Feeling Faint After Meals

A lesser-known but important early symptom of diabetes is feeling faint or dizzy after meals. This can happen when blood sugar levels rise or fall rapidly following food intake, a phenomenon called postprandial hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia. When the body’s ability to manage glucose is impaired, sudden shifts in blood sugar can reduce blood flow to the brain, resulting in lightheadedness, weakness, or even feeling like you might faint.

Some people experience these sensations only after large or carbohydrate-heavy meals, while others may notice them more frequently. Episodes may be accompanied by sweating, shakiness, or a racing heartbeat. It’s tempting to attribute these feelings to overeating, dehydration, or standing up too quickly, but a consistent pattern warrants further attention.

If you regularly feel dizzy or faint after eating—especially if it disrupts your activities or is accompanied by other signs of diabetes—it’s essential to discuss these episodes with your healthcare provider. Monitoring your blood sugar and dietary habits can help pinpoint the cause and guide appropriate treatment. For more about post-meal symptoms and diabetes, visit the CDC’s diabetes symptoms guide.

47. Swelling in the Ankles

Swelling in the ankles is a symptom that can be linked to early diabetes, often resulting from fluid retention and circulation problems. High blood sugar damages blood vessels and impairs the way your body regulates fluids, leading to a buildup of fluid in the tissues—most noticeably in the lower legs and ankles. This swelling, medically called edema, may become more obvious after long periods of sitting or standing.

You might notice that socks or shoes leave deep impressions, or that your ankles feel tight, heavy, or uncomfortable by the end of the day. This symptom is often attributed to hot weather, salt intake, or a sedentary lifestyle, but when persistent, it can signal underlying issues with circulation and kidney function—both of which are at risk in diabetes.

If ankle swelling becomes a regular occurrence, especially alongside other diabetes warning signs such as slow-healing wounds or numbness in the feet, it’s important to seek medical evaluation. Early intervention can help prevent more serious complications, such as infection or cardiovascular problems. For more information, see the CDC’s diabetes symptoms resource.

48. Persistent Snoring

Persistent snoring is more than just a nighttime nuisance—it can be an early warning sign of diabetes, especially when associated with weight gain and sleep apnea. Diabetes and excess weight are closely linked to obstructive sleep apnea, a condition where the airway becomes partially blocked during sleep. This leads to loud, chronic snoring, interrupted breathing, and frequent awakenings throughout the night.

Sleep apnea not only disrupts rest but also worsens blood sugar control and increases insulin resistance. People with diabetes are more likely to develop sleep apnea, and those who snore persistently may be at higher risk for undiagnosed diabetes. Family members or partners often notice loud snoring or pauses in breathing before the person affected does.

If you experience persistent, loud snoring—especially if it is accompanied by daytime fatigue, morning headaches, or difficulty concentrating—it’s important to discuss these symptoms with your healthcare provider. Treating sleep apnea can improve both sleep quality and diabetes management. For more on the connection between snoring, sleep apnea, and diabetes, visit the Sleep Foundation’s page on diabetes and sleep.

49. Difficulty Climbing Stairs

Difficulty climbing stairs can be one of the earliest signs that diabetes is affecting your muscles and nerves. High blood sugar impairs the delivery of energy and nutrients to muscle tissues, leading to weakness and reduced endurance. At the same time, nerve damage—known as diabetic neuropathy—can disrupt the coordination and control needed for smooth, balanced movements.

You may notice that climbing stairs leaves you unusually breathless or fatigued, or that your legs feel heavy and unstable. Some people experience mild pain, tingling, or numbness in the thighs or calves, which can make lifting the legs more challenging. Because these symptoms often develop slowly, they are commonly mistaken for being out of shape, aging, or simply leading a sedentary lifestyle.

If going up stairs becomes increasingly difficult or unsafe—especially if you are also experiencing other early signs of diabetes—it’s important to talk to a healthcare professional. Early intervention can improve muscle function and prevent further nerve damage. For more information on diabetic neuropathy and muscle health, visit the NIDDK’s neuropathy resource.

50. Frequent Leg Pain or Restlessness

Frequent leg pain or restlessness can be an early sign of diabetes, often developing due to a combination of poor circulation and nerve changes. High blood glucose damages blood vessels and nerves in the legs, leading to symptoms such as aching, throbbing, tingling, or a sense of heaviness. These sensations may worsen at night or after periods of inactivity, making it difficult to relax or fall asleep.

Leg discomfort may be accompanied by episodes of burning, numbness, or cramps, especially in the calves or feet. Some people feel a persistent urge to move their legs to gain relief, a sensation that can disrupt both rest and sleep. These symptoms are often mistaken for normal fatigue, muscle strain, or aging, but when leg pain or restlessness becomes frequent or severe, it may indicate underlying metabolic or vascular issues.

If you notice recurring leg discomfort, especially at night or in combination with other signs of diabetes, consult your healthcare provider for evaluation. Early diagnosis and management can help prevent further nerve and blood vessel damage. For more information, visit the NIDDK’s guide to diabetic neuropathies.

Conclusion

Recognizing the early symptoms of diabetes is vital for preventing serious, long-term complications. Many of these signs—such as fatigue, increased thirst, or subtle skin changes—are easily overlooked or mistaken for everyday stresses. However, being aware of these symptoms empowers you to seek timely screening and professional guidance. If you notice several of these warning signs in yourself or a loved one, don’t wait: consult a healthcare provider for evaluation and testing. Early diagnosis and proper management can dramatically improve quality of life and reduce the risk of complications like nerve damage, vision loss, or heart disease. For more information about diabetes and its management, visit the CDC’s diabetes resource center. Take action—your health is worth it.

Disclaimer

The information provided in this article is for general informational purposes only. While we strive to keep the information up-to-date and correct, we make no representations or warranties of any kind, express or implied, about the completeness, accuracy, reliability, suitability, or availability with respect to the article or the information, products, services, or related graphics contained in the article for any purpose. Any reliance you place on such information is therefore strictly at your own risk.

In no event will we be liable for any loss or damage including without limitation, indirect or consequential loss or damage, or any loss or damage whatsoever arising from loss of data or profits arising out of, or in connection with, the use of this article.

Through this article you are able to link to other websites which are not under our control. We have no control over the nature, content, and availability of those sites. The inclusion of any links does not necessarily imply a recommendation or endorse the views expressed within them.

Every effort is made to keep the article up and running smoothly. However, we take no responsibility for, and will not be liable for, the article being temporarily unavailable due to technical issues beyond our control.