This Habits Could Be Making You Vulnerable to Stomach Tumors

1. Regular Consumption of Processed Meats

Processed meats such as bacon, sausages, ham, and deli meats contain chemical preservatives like nitrates and nitrites, which can convert into carcinogenic N-nitroso compounds in the stomach. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classifies processed meat as a Group 1 carcinogen, directly linking its consumption to an increased risk of stomach cancer. Populations with high intake of processed meats, such as those in certain Western countries, have demonstrated higher rates of gastric tumors and related mortality.

To minimize risk, it is advisable to limit processed meat consumption to occasional treats rather than daily staples. Opt for fresh, lean cuts of meat, or plant-based protein alternatives. When choosing processed meats, look for products labeled “nitrate-free” or “uncured.” Incorporating more vegetables and fiber-rich foods into meals can further reduce cancer risk by helping dilute and eliminate potential carcinogens. For more guidance, the American Cancer Society offers tips on healthy dietary choices and processed meat alternatives.

2. High Salt Diet

Excessive sodium intake is a significant dietary risk factor for stomach tumors. High salt consumption can damage the protective lining of the stomach, causing chronic inflammation and making the tissue more susceptible to carcinogens, particularly when combined with infection by Helicobacter pylori. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), populations in East Asia, including Japan and Korea, traditionally consume diets high in salt—primarily from salty preserved foods and condiments—and exhibit some of the world’s highest stomach cancer rates.

It is recommended that adults consume less than 5 grams (about one teaspoon) of salt per day. Monitoring sodium intake can be achieved by limiting processed foods, reading nutrition labels, and choosing fresh or frozen ingredients over canned or pickled items. Flavoring meals with herbs, spices, and citrus instead of salt can significantly reduce overall sodium consumption. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) provides practical tips for reducing salt in your diet, supporting a healthier stomach and reducing cancer risk.

3. Smoking Cigarettes

Smoking cigarettes introduces a range of carcinogens, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and nitrosamines, into the body. These toxic substances can be swallowed with saliva and enter the stomach, where they damage the gastric mucosa and promote cellular mutations. According to the American Cancer Society, smokers are nearly twice as likely to develop stomach cancer compared to non-smokers, with risk increasing according to the number of cigarettes smoked and duration of the habit.

Tobacco use not only raises the risk of stomach tumors but also worsens outcomes for those already diagnosed. Quitting smoking significantly reduces cancer risk over time and improves overall digestive health. Individuals seeking to stop smoking can benefit from structured support, such as counseling, nicotine replacement therapy, and prescription medications. The Smokefree.gov website offers free resources, tools, and personalized plans to help smokers successfully quit, promoting both short- and long-term health benefits for the stomach and the entire body.

4. Frequent Alcohol Consumption

Regular consumption of alcohol is linked to an increased risk of stomach tumors. Alcohol acts as an irritant, damaging the cells that line the stomach and promoting chronic inflammation. Over time, this cellular damage can lead to mutations and create an environment conducive to cancer development. According to a meta-analysis published in The Journal of the National Cancer Institute, individuals who consume alcohol frequently have a higher risk of gastric cancer compared to non-drinkers, with risk escalating alongside the amount and frequency of alcohol intake.

Alcohol also exacerbates the effects of other carcinogens, such as those from tobacco or processed meats, compounding overall cancer risk. Moderation is key to minimizing harm: the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends that men limit alcohol to two drinks per day and women to one drink per day. For those concerned about their drinking habits, seeking guidance from healthcare professionals or support groups, such as those listed by Alcoholics Anonymous, can be instrumental in reducing intake and supporting long-term health.

5. Skipping Fruits and Vegetables

A diet low in fruits and vegetables deprives the body of essential nutrients, dietary fiber, and antioxidants that help protect stomach cells from damage. These foods are rich in vitamins, such as vitamin C and beta-carotene, and compounds that neutralize free radicals, reducing inflammation and preventing the formation of carcinogens in the digestive tract. Studies, such as those referenced by the World Cancer Research Fund, have consistently shown that populations with low produce intake are at a heightened risk for stomach and other digestive cancers.

Countries where diets rely heavily on refined grains and animal products, and where fruit and vegetable consumption is minimal, often report higher stomach cancer rates. To maximize protective benefits, the CDC recommends adults consume at least five servings of fruits and vegetables daily. Including a variety of colorful produce in meals not only supplies protective phytochemicals but also increases dietary fiber, which supports healthy digestion and regular elimination of potential carcinogens from the stomach and intestines.

6. Chronic Helicobacter pylori Infection

Helicobacter pylori is a type of bacteria that colonizes the stomach lining and is considered a major risk factor for stomach tumors. The bacteria can persist for years, causing chronic inflammation, gastritis, and eventually ulceration of the stomach wall. This ongoing irritation damages gastric cells and increases the likelihood of mutations that can lead to cancer. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), H. pylori infection is responsible for a significant percentage of gastric cancer cases worldwide, particularly in regions with poor sanitation and high infection rates.

WHO guidelines recommend prompt testing and treatment for H. pylori in individuals with persistent gastrointestinal symptoms such as recurrent stomach pain, bloating, nausea, or unexplained weight loss. Diagnosis can be made through breath, blood, stool, or endoscopic biopsy tests. Effective eradication therapy typically involves a combination of antibiotics and stomach acid suppressors. If you suspect you may have an H. pylori infection, consult your healthcare provider for evaluation. Learn more about testing and treatment options from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).

7. Overuse of NSAIDs (Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs)

Frequent or long-term use of NSAIDs, such as ibuprofen, aspirin, and naproxen, can erode the protective lining of the stomach. These medications block prostaglandin production, which normally helps maintain the mucosal barrier, leaving the stomach vulnerable to acid-related injury and chronic inflammation. This persistent irritation can lead to ulcers and, over time, increase the risk of cellular changes associated with stomach tumors. Studies cited by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) highlight that populations with widespread over-the-counter painkiller use often experience higher rates of gastrointestinal complications.

While NSAIDs effectively manage pain and inflammation, overuse or self-medication without medical supervision can be harmful. It is important to follow dosing instructions and avoid using these drugs for extended periods unless prescribed. If you require regular pain relief, consult a healthcare provider for safer alternatives or protective strategies, such as using the lowest effective dose or combining with medications that protect the stomach lining. For more information on NSAID risks and safer pain management, visit the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA).

8. Excessive Fast Food Consumption

Frequent consumption of fast food is associated with poor dietary quality, excess calorie intake, and increased risk of obesity—factors that contribute to a heightened risk of stomach tumors. Fast food meals are typically high in unhealthy fats, sodium, and preservatives, all of which can damage the stomach lining and promote chronic inflammation. According to research published in Nutrients, individuals who eat fast food several times per week are more likely to develop obesity-related cancers, including stomach cancer.

Globally, the prevalence of fast food varies, with countries like the United States, United Kingdom, and Australia reporting the highest frequency of consumption. In contrast, populations with traditional diets rich in whole foods tend to have lower rates of stomach cancer. To reduce risk, consider preparing home-cooked meals using fresh ingredients and limiting the intake of processed foods. Cooking at home allows greater control over salt, fat, and additive content. For healthy recipe ideas and tips on transitioning away from fast food, visit the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics.

9. Eating Charred or Burnt Foods

Consuming foods that are charred or burnt—often the result of grilling, barbecuing, or broiling at high temperatures—can increase exposure to carcinogenic compounds such as heterocyclic amines (HCAs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). These chemicals form when muscle meats, like beef, pork, poultry, and fish, are cooked over open flames or extremely high heat and have been shown to damage DNA, contributing to cancer development. Studies cited by the National Cancer Institute link frequent consumption of well-done or burnt meats with an elevated risk of stomach and other gastrointestinal cancers.

Research has found that grilling and barbecuing, popular in many countries, produce higher levels of HCAs and PAHs compared to other cooking methods. To reduce risk, avoid eating blackened or heavily charred portions of food, and consider marinating meats, which can lower the formation of harmful compounds. Opt for gentler cooking techniques such as baking, steaming, or stewing whenever possible. For more tips on safe cooking practices and reducing exposure to food-borne carcinogens, visit the American Cancer Society.

10. Low Water Intake

Inadequate water consumption can negatively impact digestive health and potentially increase susceptibility to stomach tumors. Water plays a crucial role in digestion by aiding in the breakdown and movement of food through the stomach and intestines, as well as maintaining the integrity of the stomach’s protective mucosal lining. Chronic dehydration may impair this protective barrier, making the stomach lining more vulnerable to irritation, inflammation, and the effects of dietary carcinogens. According to the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, optimal hydration also supports the regular elimination of wastes and toxins from the digestive tract.

Water intake recommendations vary, but a commonly cited guideline is about 2.7 liters (91 ounces) per day for women and 3.7 liters (125 ounces) for men, from all beverages and foods. Many people fall short of these recommendations, especially in busy lifestyles or hot climates. To support gastric and overall health, consider carrying a reusable water bottle, setting reminders, and tracking your daily fluid intake. For more guidance on healthy hydration habits and its benefits for digestive health, visit the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).

11. Late-Night Heavy Meals

Consuming large, heavy meals late at night can disrupt the natural processes of digestion and increase the risk of gastric discomfort and acid reflux. When you lie down soon after eating, stomach acid and partially digested food are more likely to flow back into the esophagus, increasing acid exposure to the stomach lining and potentially causing chronic inflammation. Over time, this repeated irritation may contribute to an environment favorable for tumor development. A review published in the World Journal of Gastroenterology highlights the association between nocturnal eating patterns and an increased risk of various gastrointestinal diseases, including cancer.

Cultural differences in mealtime traditions influence this risk; for example, in some Mediterranean and Asian countries, dinner is eaten late and often consists of multiple courses. To reduce gastric stress, health experts recommend consuming lighter, well-balanced meals in the evening and allowing at least two to three hours between your last meal and bedtime. For additional guidance on healthy meal timing and portion control in support of digestive health, visit the American Heart Association.

12. Frequent Acid Reflux (GERD)

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a condition in which stomach acid frequently flows back into the esophagus, causing irritation and inflammation. Chronic acid reflux not only damages the esophageal lining but can also affect the upper part of the stomach, leading to cellular changes and increasing the risk of tumors. Persistent GERD has been linked to Barrett’s esophagus, a precancerous condition, and elevated rates of both esophageal and stomach cancers. A study published in Cancer Currents (National Cancer Institute) details this heightened risk among individuals with long-standing reflux symptoms.

Common symptoms of GERD include heartburn, regurgitation, chest discomfort, and difficulty swallowing. If left untreated, chronic acid exposure can cause progressive damage over years. Individuals experiencing frequent reflux—more than twice per week—should seek medical evaluation for proper diagnosis and management. Effective treatments range from lifestyle modifications and dietary changes to medications and, in severe cases, surgical intervention. To learn more about GERD, its complications, and when to seek help, visit the Mayo Clinic website.

13. High Intake of Pickled Foods

Pickled foods, such as pickled vegetables, fish, and eggs, are common in many traditional diets but can pose a risk to gastric health when consumed in excess. The pickling process often involves the use of salt and nitrates, which can lead to the formation of nitrosamines—compounds classified as carcinogenic by health authorities. According to the National Cancer Institute, nitrosamines are known to damage the DNA of stomach cells, increasing the risk of tumor development.

Regions with high pickled food consumption, such as parts of East Asia (notably Korea and Japan), have consistently reported elevated rates of stomach cancer. While pickling is a useful preservation method, the frequent inclusion of pickled items in daily meals can contribute to cumulative nitrosamine exposure. To reduce risk, enjoy pickled foods as occasional accompaniments rather than mainstays of your diet. Opting for fresh or lightly fermented alternatives with lower salt content can also be beneficial. For further information on dietary nitrosamines and cancer risk, refer to the World Health Organization (WHO) cancer prevention guidelines.

14. Exposure to Industrial Chemicals

Exposure to industrial chemicals, such as asbestos, coal dust, rubber, and certain metalworking fluids, is a recognized risk factor for stomach tumors. These substances can be inhaled as fumes or dust and subsequently swallowed, leading to direct contact with the stomach lining. Over time, repeated ingestion of these carcinogens can cause chronic inflammation and increase the likelihood of cellular mutations. The National Cancer Institute highlights that workers in certain industries—including mining, rubber manufacturing, and metal processing—face a heightened risk of stomach and other gastrointestinal cancers due to ongoing exposure.

Occupational safety is essential for reducing this risk. Individuals working with hazardous chemicals should follow established workplace safety protocols, such as using personal protective equipment (PPE), ensuring good ventilation, and participating in regular health screenings. Employers are responsible for providing safety training and monitoring exposure levels, as outlined by agencies like the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). Adhering to these guidelines not only protects workers from immediate harm but also reduces the long-term risk of developing stomach tumors and other occupational diseases.

15. Insufficient Dietary Fiber

Dietary fiber plays a critical role in maintaining gut health and reducing the risk of stomach tumors. Fiber adds bulk to stool, promotes regular bowel movements, and helps remove potential carcinogens from the digestive tract before they can damage the stomach lining. A fiber-rich diet also fosters a healthy gut microbiome, which supports immune function and reduces inflammation. Numerous studies referenced by the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health indicate that populations consuming diets low in fiber—often high in refined grains and animal products—have higher rates of gastrointestinal cancers compared to those with fiber-rich eating habits.

Western diets, which are typically deficient in whole grains, fruits, vegetables, and legumes, fail to meet recommended daily fiber intake levels (25 grams for women, 38 grams for men). In contrast, traditional diets in regions such as parts of Africa and Asia often include ample whole grains and plant-based foods, contributing to lower cancer rates. To boost fiber intake, incorporate options like brown rice, oats, quinoa, barley, beans, lentils, and a variety of fruits and vegetables. For more guidance on increasing dietary fiber for cancer prevention, visit the American Cancer Society.

16. Consuming Moldy Grains or Nuts

Moldy grains and nuts can harbor aflatoxins, which are potent carcinogens produced by certain molds (notably Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus). Aflatoxins have been linked to an increased risk of several cancers, including stomach tumors, due to their ability to cause genetic mutations and chronic inflammation within the digestive tract. The risk is particularly high in foods that are improperly stored in warm, humid conditions where mold growth is common. According to the National Cancer Institute, exposure to aflatoxins is a significant health concern in many parts of Africa and Asia, where storage facilities may lack adequate temperature and moisture control.

To minimize the risk of ingesting aflatoxins, always inspect grains, nuts, and legumes for visible mold or off odors before consumption. Store these foods in cool, dry, and well-ventilated areas, and use airtight containers to prevent moisture buildup. Purchasing products from reputable sources with stringent quality controls further reduces the risk. For more guidance on food safety and the prevention of mold-related toxins, visit the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) food safety page.

17. Excess Sugar Intake

High sugar consumption is associated with an increased risk of obesity, which is a well-established risk factor for stomach tumors. Diets rich in sugary foods and beverages promote weight gain, insulin resistance, and chronic inflammation—all of which can contribute to the development of various cancers, including those of the stomach. A study published by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) found that individuals with the highest intake of added sugars had a significantly increased risk of developing certain gastrointestinal cancers.

Rates of added sugar consumption are highest in Western countries, where processed foods, sweetened beverages, and desserts form a large part of the diet. In contrast, regions with traditional diets low in refined sugars tend to report lower obesity and stomach cancer rates. To reduce risk, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends limiting added sugars to less than 10% of daily calories. Choose whole fruits over fruit juices, opt for unsweetened snacks, and read nutrition labels to monitor sugar intake. Reducing excess sugar supports a healthy weight and lowers cancer risk.

18. Lack of Physical Activity

Physical inactivity has a direct impact on digestive health and the body’s ability to prevent cancer. Regular movement aids digestion by stimulating intestinal contractions, reducing transit time, and promoting the efficient elimination of toxins and carcinogens from the gastrointestinal tract. Inactive lifestyles may slow digestion, increase inflammation, and lower immune surveillance—diminishing the body’s ability to detect and destroy abnormal cells before they become tumors. According to the American Cancer Society, sedentary individuals face a higher risk of obesity and gastrointestinal cancers, including cancer of the stomach.

Comparative studies have shown that populations with active lifestyles—such as those who walk or cycle regularly—have lower rates of digestive cancers than sedentary populations reliant on motor vehicles and desk jobs. Health authorities, including the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), recommend at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic activity per week for adults, plus strength training. Incorporating daily movement, such as taking stairs, stretching, or short walks after meals, helps maintain a healthy digestive system and supports cancer prevention.

19. Persistent Stress

Chronic stress can negatively affect stomach health by disrupting acid production and weakening immune defenses. Extended periods of stress stimulate the release of stress hormones, such as cortisol and adrenaline, which can increase stomach acid secretion and compromise the stomach’s mucosal barrier. This persistent imbalance may lead to inflammation, ulcers, and, over time, create an environment conducive to tumor formation. Research from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) underscores the link between psychological stress and an increased risk of digestive system diseases, including cancer.

Work-related pressures, financial worries, and personal life challenges are common sources of ongoing stress. Individuals in high-responsibility or shift-based jobs may be particularly susceptible to stress-related gastric issues. To support stomach and overall health, it is important to adopt stress management strategies such as regular physical activity, deep-breathing exercises, mindfulness meditation, or seeking support from counselors or support groups. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) provides additional techniques and resources for managing stress, helping to maintain a healthy immune system and reduce the risk of stomach tumors.

20. Ignoring Stomach Symptoms

Dismissing persistent stomach symptoms—such as pain, bloating, indigestion, nausea, unintended weight loss, or difficulty swallowing—can result in dangerously delayed diagnoses. Many people attribute these warning signs to benign issues like stress or dietary indiscretion, only seeking medical help when symptoms worsen. This delay is a major factor in the high rate of late-stage stomach cancer diagnoses, which are associated with lower survival rates and more limited treatment options. The American Cancer Society highlights that early detection is key to improving outcomes and survival.

Real-life stories, such as those shared by survivors on the Stomach Cancer Foundation, illustrate the consequences of overlooking symptoms. Many individuals reported months or even years of unexplained discomfort before receiving a diagnosis. To protect your health, do not ignore ongoing or unusual stomach issues—especially if you have additional risk factors. Promptly consulting a healthcare provider for persistent symptoms enables early investigation, timely diagnosis, and more effective treatment, greatly improving the chances of a positive outcome.

21. Low Vitamin C Intake

Vitamin C is a powerful antioxidant that plays a crucial role in protecting the stomach lining from oxidative damage and carcinogen formation. It neutralizes free radicals and helps inhibit the conversion of nitrates—commonly found in processed and pickled foods—into harmful nitrosamines within the stomach. According to the National Institutes of Health (NIH), insufficient vitamin C intake is associated with an increased risk of gastric cancer, particularly in populations consuming diets low in fresh fruits and vegetables.

Global studies show that individuals in regions with limited access to citrus fruits and vitamin C-rich vegetables tend to have lower average intakes and higher rates of stomach cancer. The recommended daily allowance for vitamin C is 90 mg for men and 75 mg for women, but many people fall short, especially when relying on processed foods. To boost vitamin C intake, incorporate a variety of sources such as oranges, strawberries, kiwi, bell peppers, broccoli, and Brussels sprouts into your diet. For more information on the benefits of vitamin C and how to meet your daily requirements, visit the National Cancer Institute antioxidants fact sheet.

22. Exposure to Secondhand Smoke

Exposure to secondhand smoke, also known as passive smoking, poses significant health risks, including an elevated chance of developing stomach tumors. Secondhand smoke contains many of the same carcinogenic chemicals as directly inhaled cigarette smoke, which can be absorbed through the respiratory tract, swallowed, and reach the stomach lining. Research published by the National Cancer Institute demonstrates that individuals living with smokers or working in environments where smoking is permitted are at greater risk for a variety of cancers, including those of the digestive tract.

Studies have shown that family members—particularly children and spouses—of smokers are at higher risk due to prolonged home exposure. Workplace studies have also linked higher cancer rates to employees in restaurants, bars, or industries without comprehensive smoking bans. To safeguard health, it is essential to advocate for and maintain smoke-free environments both at home and in public spaces. For tips on creating a smoke-free home and information on the health impacts of secondhand smoke, visit the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) resource page.

23. Drinking Extremely Hot Beverages

Regular consumption of extremely hot beverages can result in repeated thermal injury to the lining of the esophagus and stomach. This chronic irritation can cause inflammation and may promote cellular changes that increase the risk of developing tumors in the upper digestive tract. Research published by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) and studies in tea-drinking regions such as parts of Iran, China, and South America have found a clear association between drinking beverages at temperatures above 65°C (149°F) and higher rates of esophageal and stomach cancer.

In these high-risk regions, it is customary to consume tea and other drinks while scalding hot, sometimes directly after boiling. To reduce the risk of thermal injury and subsequent cancer, health experts recommend allowing hot drinks to cool for several minutes before drinking. Sipping beverages at a comfortable temperature can protect the delicate lining of the digestive tract. For further information on the risks of hot beverage consumption and cancer prevention strategies, visit the American Cancer Society.

24. Use of Unregulated Herbal Remedies

Unregulated herbal remedies and dietary supplements can pose serious risks to stomach health due to potential contamination with toxins, heavy metals, pesticides, or pharmaceutical substances. Unlike prescription medications, many herbal products are not subject to rigorous quality control or safety testing, especially when sourced from informal markets or online vendors. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has issued warnings about supplements adulterated with harmful chemicals that may cause gastric irritation, ulcers, or even contribute to tumor development when consumed over time.

Reports have shown that some herbal products—particularly those not certified by recognized authorities—contain undisclosed ingredients or contaminants that could damage the stomach lining and disrupt normal digestive processes. Populations relying on traditional or “natural” remedies without regulatory oversight may inadvertently increase their cancer risk. It is crucial to consult healthcare providers before starting any herbal supplements, especially for individuals with pre-existing digestive or immune conditions. For more information on supplement safety and how to assess the quality of herbal remedies, refer to the National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (NCCIH) guide to safe supplement use.

25. Poor Oral Hygiene

Poor oral hygiene allows harmful bacteria to flourish in the mouth, which can then be swallowed and impact the health of the stomach lining. Chronic oral infections and gum disease increase the risk of introducing pathogenic bacteria into the digestive tract, where they may contribute to inflammation, disrupt the balance of the gut microbiome, and potentially play a role in stomach tumor development. Research published in the World Journal of Gastroenterology links inadequate oral care with a higher prevalence of Helicobacter pylori and other harmful microbes, which are known gastric cancer risk factors.

Populations with poor oral health habits, such as infrequent tooth brushing, lack of flossing, or irregular dental check-ups, show higher rates of both oral and gastrointestinal diseases. In contrast, those who maintain good oral hygiene—brushing twice daily, flossing, and visiting the dentist regularly—reduce their risk of oral infections and subsequent complications in the digestive tract. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) provides comprehensive guidelines for maintaining oral health to help protect both the mouth and the stomach from disease.

26. Repeated Fasting or Crash Diets

Repeated fasting and crash diets—characterized by abrupt and extreme reductions in food intake—can place significant stress on the stomach and digestive system. Irregular eating patterns may lead to fluctuations in gastric acid production, weaken the stomach’s protective mucosal lining, and trigger inflammation or ulcer formation. Over time, these conditions can increase vulnerability to cellular damage and may contribute to the development of stomach tumors. Popular diet trends, such as very low-calorie diets or intermittent fasting without medical guidance, have gained traction but often lack a focus on nutritional balance and digestive health. The National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) warns that crash dieting can disrupt normal digestive function and lead to adverse health effects.

In contrast, gradual dietary changes that prioritize balanced nutrition are safer and more sustainable for both weight management and stomach health. Health experts recommend avoiding extreme dieting, opting instead for regular, moderate meals that meet nutritional needs. For those considering fasting or diet modifications, consultation with a registered dietitian or healthcare provider is advised. For more information on healthy approaches to weight loss and diet, visit the CDC’s healthy weight resource.

27. Frequent Use of Antacids Without Medical Advice

Regularly using over-the-counter antacids to relieve stomach discomfort can mask underlying health problems, such as persistent acid reflux, ulcers, or even early signs of stomach tumors. Antacids provide temporary relief by neutralizing stomach acid, but frequent, unsupervised use may delay the diagnosis of more serious conditions. This increases the risk of disease progression before proper medical evaluation and treatment are initiated. According to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), self-medication trends are on the rise, with many individuals relying on these medications for prolonged periods without professional guidance.

Populations with high rates of self-medication may overlook important warning signs, such as unexplained weight loss, persistent pain, or gastrointestinal bleeding. Experts recommend that anyone experiencing ongoing stomach symptoms consult a physician for proper diagnosis. A healthcare provider can determine the root cause and recommend appropriate treatment rather than indefinite antacid use. For more information on the safe use of antacids and when to seek medical advice, visit the American Cancer Society stomach health resource.

28. Living in High Pollution Areas

Residing in areas with high levels of air pollution exposes individuals to airborne toxins, particulate matter, and industrial chemicals. These pollutants can be inhaled and subsequently swallowed, where they come into contact with the stomach lining and may contribute to inflammation, cellular damage, and an increased risk of tumor development. Studies published by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) have observed higher rates of gastrointestinal cancers, including stomach cancer, among populations living in heavily polluted urban environments compared to those in rural areas with cleaner air.

Urban residents are particularly at risk due to increased exposure to vehicle emissions, industrial waste, and fine particulate matter (PM2.5), all of which have been classified as carcinogenic by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). To mitigate exposure, individuals can monitor local air quality indexes, use air purifiers indoors, and limit outdoor activities during high-pollution periods. Wearing masks and keeping windows closed on days with poor air quality can further reduce risk. Staying informed and taking practical precautions helps protect not just respiratory health but also the digestive system from environmental harm.

29. Frequent Dining Out

Regularly eating at restaurants, fast food outlets, or takeout venues often results in higher consumption of unhealthy fats, sodium, and preservatives, all of which can increase the risk of stomach tumors. Restaurant meals are typically larger in portion size and use more salt, saturated fats, and processed ingredients to enhance flavor and shelf life. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), people who dine out frequently are more likely to exceed recommended daily limits for sodium and unhealthy fats compared to those who primarily eat home-cooked meals.

Comparative studies show that home-cooked meals allow for better control over ingredient quality, portion sizes, and cooking methods, resulting in lower intake of carcinogens and a healthier overall diet. To reduce risk when dining out, practice mindful ordering by choosing grilled, baked, or steamed dishes over fried options, and request sauces or dressings on the side. Additionally, opt for dishes with more vegetables and whole grains, and be cautious with portion sizes. For more tips on making healthier choices while dining out, visit the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics guide to restaurant nutrition.

30. Ignoring Family History

Family history plays a significant role in determining individual risk for stomach cancer, as certain genetic mutations and inherited syndromes can predispose individuals to the disease. Examples include hereditary diffuse gastric cancer, Lynch syndrome, and familial adenomatous polyposis, all of which are linked to an increased likelihood of developing gastric tumors. According to the National Cancer Institute, individuals with one or more first-degree relatives (parents, siblings, or children) diagnosed with stomach cancer have a markedly higher risk compared to those without a family history.

Despite the importance of inherited risk, many people neglect to share their family’s cancer history with healthcare providers, potentially missing opportunities for early screening or genetic counseling. If you have a family history of stomach or related cancers, discuss this information openly with your doctor. They may recommend genetic testing, regular endoscopic screening, or lifestyle modifications to mitigate risk. For more information on hereditary stomach cancer and the importance of discussing family history, visit the American Cancer Society resource page on stomach cancer risk factors.

31. Not Managing Diabetes

Poorly controlled diabetes is associated with an elevated risk of developing stomach tumors. Chronic high blood sugar levels (hyperglycemia) can contribute to systemic inflammation, oxidative stress, and impaired immune surveillance, all of which may promote the growth of abnormal cells in the stomach lining. According to a large-scale study published by the National Institutes of Health (NIH), individuals with unmanaged diabetes have a significantly higher risk of gastric and other gastrointestinal cancers compared to those with well-controlled glucose levels.

Effective diabetes management strategies—such as regular blood sugar monitoring, adherence to prescribed medications, a balanced diet, and consistent physical activity—can help reduce cancer risk and support overall digestive health. Populations that prioritize diabetes education and proactive disease management tend to experience fewer complications, including cancer, than those who neglect routine care. Regular check-ups with healthcare providers, individualized treatment plans, and lifestyle modifications are essential for optimal glucose control. For more information on diabetes management, cancer risk, and recommended monitoring practices, visit the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) diabetes management page.

32. Regularly Consuming Smoked Foods

Smoked foods, such as smoked meats, fish, and cheeses, are popular in many cuisines but pose a cancer risk due to the presence of carcinogenic compounds. The smoking process exposes foods to smoke from burning wood or charcoal, which contains polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and nitrosamines—both recognized as cancer-causing agents. These compounds can adhere to the surface of smoked products and, when ingested regularly, may damage the stomach lining and increase tumor risk. The American Cancer Society warns that diets high in smoked foods are linked to elevated rates of stomach and other gastrointestinal cancers, especially in regions where these items are dietary staples.

Compared to other preservation methods like freezing, canning, or drying, smoking introduces more harmful chemicals into food. While occasional consumption is unlikely to cause significant harm, regularly eating smoked products can increase cumulative exposure to carcinogens. To reduce risk, limit smoked foods in your diet and choose alternative cooking or preservation methods. For more information about the cancer risks of smoked foods and safer dietary practices, consult the World Health Organization (WHO) fact sheet on cancer prevention.

33. Sleep Deprivation

Chronic sleep deprivation can compromise the immune system and promote inflammation, both of which are linked to an increased risk of developing stomach tumors. A lack of restorative sleep disrupts the body’s ability to repair cellular damage and maintain effective immune surveillance against abnormal cell growth. According to the National Institutes of Health (NIH), individuals who consistently get less than the recommended 7-9 hours of sleep per night are more likely to experience immune dysfunction and elevated levels of inflammatory markers, increasing susceptibility to cancer and other diseases.

Real-world patterns show that shift workers, those with irregular schedules, or people living in high-stress environments commonly struggle with adequate sleep. Persistent sleep loss is a growing concern in modern societies reliant on digital devices and 24-hour lifestyles. To support digestive and overall health, establish good sleep hygiene practices such as maintaining a consistent sleep schedule, creating a dark and quiet sleep environment, and limiting screen time before bed. For additional tips on improving sleep quality and its importance for cancer prevention, visit the Sleep Foundation and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) sleep hygiene guidelines.

34. Excessive Hot Spice Intake

Consuming an abundance of hot spices—such as chili peppers, black pepper, and other pungent seasonings—can irritate the stomach lining, especially in individuals with increased sensitivity or pre-existing digestive conditions. While moderate spice consumption may offer some health benefits, excessive intake can cause inflammation, gastritis, and worsen symptoms of acid reflux. Persistent irritation of the stomach’s mucosal barrier may, over time, contribute to an environment that increases the risk of cellular changes and tumor development. According to a study published in the World Journal of Gastroenterology, populations with very high consumption of spicy foods—such as those in certain parts of India, Mexico, and Southeast Asia—sometimes report elevated rates of gastric discomfort and related disorders.

Global spice consumption varies widely, with some cultures incorporating hot spices into nearly every meal, while others use them sparingly. For individuals prone to digestive issues, health experts recommend moderation and paying attention to the body’s response to spicy foods. Incorporate milder spices or balance meals with cooling ingredients like yogurt or cucumber. For more information on how spice intake affects digestive health and tips for moderation, consult the American Cancer Society.

35. Recurrent Stomach Ulcers

Recurrent stomach ulcers, or peptic ulcers, are open sores that develop repeatedly on the stomach lining, often due to persistent Helicobacter pylori infection or prolonged use of NSAIDs. Chronic ulcers cause ongoing inflammation and repeated cycles of injury and repair, which can lead to cellular changes and increase the risk of these lesions evolving into cancerous growths. According to the American Cancer Society, individuals with a history of recurrent ulcers are at greater risk for developing gastric cancer, particularly when ulcers are left untreated or inadequately managed.

The prevalence of peptic ulcers is higher in certain populations, including older adults, individuals with high NSAID consumption, and those living in regions with poor sanitation and high rates of H. pylori infection. Effective treatment—including appropriate antibiotics for bacterial infection and acid-suppressive medications—can promote healing and reduce the risk of complications. Adhering to prescribed therapies and attending follow-up appointments are essential for ulcer resolution and cancer prevention. For more information on ulcer treatment and the link between chronic ulcers and stomach cancer, visit the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK).

36. Not Getting Regular Checkups

Regular medical checkups and routine cancer screenings are vital for early detection of stomach tumors and other gastrointestinal diseases. Early-stage stomach cancer often presents with subtle or no symptoms, making it difficult to identify without proactive health assessments. Studies from the National Cancer Institute demonstrate that individuals diagnosed through routine screening or early evaluation have significantly better outcomes and survival rates compared to those whose cancers are found at advanced stages, when treatment options may be limited and less effective.

Populations with established screening programs, such as those in Japan and South Korea, have seen improved survival rates due to the early identification and management of gastric cancer. In contrast, individuals who avoid regular checkups may miss the opportunity for timely diagnosis, leading to disease progression and poorer prognoses. Health experts recommend periodic physical exams and, where risk factors are present, specific screening tests such as endoscopy. Consulting your healthcare provider about the appropriate frequency of checkups and screening for your age and risk profile can make a significant difference. For more information on the importance of early detection and recommended screening protocols, visit the American Cancer Society.

37. Chronic Constipation

Chronic constipation, defined as infrequent or difficult bowel movements, can negatively affect digestive health by prolonging the time waste and potential toxins remain in contact with the stomach and intestinal lining. This extended transit time may increase exposure to carcinogens present in the diet or formed during digestion, raising the risk of cellular damage and tumor development. Research published by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) suggests that individuals with persistent constipation may have a higher risk of various gastrointestinal disorders, including cancer.

Bowel habits vary widely, with some people experiencing daily movements and others only a few times per week. Chronic constipation is more common in populations with low fiber diets, insufficient fluid intake, sedentary lifestyles, and frequent use of certain medications. To promote regularity and reduce toxin exposure, health experts recommend increasing dietary fiber through whole grains, fruits, and vegetables, staying well-hydrated, and engaging in regular physical activity. For more detailed guidance on managing constipation and supporting digestive health, visit the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) resource page.

38. Using Well Water in High-Risk Areas

Using well water in regions with known contamination issues can expose individuals to harmful substances such as nitrates, arsenic, and other carcinogens. These contaminants may originate from agricultural runoff, industrial waste, or naturally occurring minerals in the soil. Drinking contaminated well water has been linked to an increased risk of stomach tumors and other health problems. The National Cancer Institute highlights that chronic exposure to high levels of arsenic, in particular, is a significant risk factor for several cancers, including those of the digestive tract.

Affected regions include parts of Bangladesh, India, South America, and even some rural areas of the United States, where groundwater contamination is more common. Those who rely on private wells for drinking water are at greater risk, as these sources are not subject to the same regular testing and regulation as municipal supplies. To reduce exposure and protect stomach health, it is essential to regularly test well water for contaminants and install appropriate filtration systems if necessary. For more information and guidelines on safe well water use, visit the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) private well resource page.

39. Overeating at Meals

Chronic overeating places undue stress on the stomach and digestive system. Consuming large quantities of food in one sitting forces the stomach to produce more acid and digestive enzymes, potentially overwhelming its protective lining and increasing the risk of inflammation and cellular damage. Over time, repeated episodes of overeating can promote weight gain, obesity, and other metabolic changes that are associated with a higher risk of stomach tumors. According to the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, portion sizes have increased substantially over the past several decades, particularly in Western societies, leading to a rise in caloric intake and related health issues.

Comparisons of typical portion sizes reveal that restaurant and packaged food servings often far exceed recommended amounts, making it easier to overeat without realizing it. To support digestive health and reduce cancer risk, practice mindful eating by paying attention to hunger and fullness cues, eating slowly, and serving appropriate portions. Use smaller plates, avoid distractions during meals, and savor each bite. For more information on portion control and strategies for mindful eating, visit the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) resource on healthy eating habits.

40. Ignoring Changes in Bowel Habits

Altered bowel habits—such as persistent diarrhea, constipation, changes in stool consistency, or unexplained urgency—can be early warning signs of underlying digestive issues, including stomach tumors. Ignoring these changes may delay the diagnosis of serious conditions, allowing disease progression and reducing the chances of successful treatment. The American Cancer Society emphasizes that symptoms like blood in the stool, black or tarry stools, persistent abdominal pain, or unintentional weight loss should never be dismissed, as they may indicate gastrointestinal bleeding or malignancy.

Many people attribute changes in bowel movements to minor factors such as diet, stress, or temporary illness and do not seek timely medical advice. However, ongoing or unexplained alterations in bowel habits warrant prompt evaluation by a healthcare provider. Keeping a symptom diary to track the frequency, appearance, and accompanying symptoms can help identify patterns and support effective communication with your doctor. For more information on warning signs, when to seek help, and how to monitor digestive health, visit the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) stomach cancer awareness page.

41. Poor Food Storage Practices

Improper food storage can lead to bacterial and mold contamination, increasing the risk of ingesting harmful pathogens and toxins that may damage the stomach lining and contribute to tumor development. Foods stored at unsafe temperatures or in unclean environments are more likely to grow bacteria such as Salmonella, Escherichia coli, and Listeria, as well as molds that produce carcinogenic aflatoxins. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), foodborne illnesses and toxin exposure are preventable with proper storage and handling.

Comparative studies show that households with reliable refrigeration and good preservation habits experience fewer foodborne illness outbreaks and lower exposure to food toxins than those lacking these resources. Safe storage practices include keeping perishable foods refrigerated at or below 40°F (4°C), using airtight containers, and consuming leftovers within recommended timeframes. Avoiding cross-contamination, promptly discarding spoiled items, and storing dry goods in cool, dry places further reduce risk. For comprehensive guidelines on safe food storage and additional tips to protect your digestive health, visit the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) food storage chart.

42. High Red Meat Consumption

Frequent consumption of red meat—such as beef, pork, and lamb—has been linked to an increased risk of stomach tumors and other gastrointestinal cancers. Red meats contain heme iron, which can promote the formation of carcinogenic N-nitroso compounds in the digestive tract. Additionally, cooking red meat at high temperatures (grilling, broiling, or frying) produces heterocyclic amines (HCAs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), both of which are known to damage DNA and increase cancer risk. Epidemiological studies, including those referenced by the World Cancer Research Fund, have found a positive association between high red meat intake and the incidence of stomach and colorectal cancers.

To reduce risk, health experts recommend limiting red meat consumption to no more than three portions per week and choosing leaner cuts when possible. Incorporating alternative protein sources, such as poultry, fish, legumes, nuts, and soy products, can help diversify the diet and provide essential nutrients without the added cancer risk. For more information on the links between red meat and cancer and tips for healthier eating, visit the American Cancer Society page on meat myths and facts.

43. Not Treating Chronic Infections

Untreated chronic infections can create a persistent state of inflammation in the body, including the stomach lining, which significantly increases the risk of tumor development. Chronic infections—such as those caused by Helicobacter pylori, hepatitis viruses, or Epstein-Barr virus—can promote ongoing immune responses and tissue damage, setting the stage for abnormal cellular changes and cancer. According to the National Cancer Institute, a substantial proportion of global stomach and liver cancers are attributable to unresolved infections, particularly in regions with limited healthcare access.

Common chronic infections that often go untreated include H. pylori-induced gastritis, chronic hepatitis, and certain viral or parasitic diseases. Many individuals dismiss symptoms or lack access to appropriate diagnostic tools and medications. Seeking timely medical evaluation and completing prescribed treatment regimens is crucial to eliminate the infection, reduce inflammation, and minimize cancer risk. Routine screening for chronic infections, especially in high-risk populations or those with ongoing gastrointestinal symptoms, is highly recommended. For more information on the link between infections and cancer, as well as guidance on prevention and treatment, visit the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) resource on infection-related cancers.

44. Excessive Caffeine Intake

High caffeine consumption—especially from coffee, energy drinks, and strong teas—can stimulate increased production of stomach acid and potentially irritate the gastric lining. For sensitive individuals or those with pre-existing digestive issues, this acid surge may contribute to symptoms like gastritis, acid reflux, and inflammation, which could create an environment conducive to cellular changes and, over time, elevate the risk of stomach tumors. According to the National Institutes of Health (NIH), while moderate coffee intake is generally safe for most, excessive caffeine can exacerbate gastrointestinal symptoms and disrupt normal digestive processes.

Global caffeine consumption varies, with Scandinavian countries, the United States, and parts of Europe reporting high per capita coffee intake, while energy drink consumption is on the rise among younger populations worldwide. Health authorities generally recommend limiting caffeine to no more than 400 mg per day—about four 8-ounce cups of brewed coffee—to avoid negative side effects. Individuals experiencing stomach discomfort should consider reducing their intake and monitoring symptoms. For additional information on caffeine’s effects and safe consumption guidelines, visit the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) caffeine resource page.

45. Not Washing Produce

Failing to wash fruits and vegetables before consumption increases the risk of ingesting harmful pesticides, bacteria, and parasites that can negatively impact stomach health. Pesticide residues left on produce surfaces may cause irritation or contribute to long-term disease risk, including the potential for tumor development with chronic exposure. Additionally, unwashed produce can harbor bacteria such as Salmonella, E. coli, and Listeria, which can cause foodborne illnesses and damage the digestive lining. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) emphasizes the importance of thorough rinsing to reduce the risk of contamination.

Washing methods vary, with research showing that rinsing under running water is effective for removing dirt, bacteria, and some pesticide residues. Scrubbing firmer produce, such as melons or potatoes, with a clean brush and peeling outer layers when appropriate further reduces risk. Avoid using soap or bleach, as these substances are not safe for ingestion. For leafy greens, separate and rinse each leaf thoroughly. For more information on best practices for cleaning produce and preventing foodborne illness, visit the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) produce safety page.

46. Lack of Sunlight/Vitamin D

Vitamin D, synthesized in the skin through exposure to sunlight, plays a pivotal role in regulating immune function and supporting cellular health. Adequate vitamin D levels enhance the body’s ability to identify and destroy abnormal or cancerous cells, providing a protective effect against the development of stomach tumors and other malignancies. Research from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) indicates that vitamin D deficiency is associated with impaired immune defense and an increased risk of several cancers, including those of the digestive tract.

Populations most at risk for deficiency include individuals with limited sun exposure (such as those living in northern latitudes, working night shifts, or wearing skin-covering clothing), older adults, and people with darker skin. To maintain healthy vitamin D levels, health authorities recommend regular, safe sun exposure—such as 10-30 minutes on the face, arms, and legs several times a week—while avoiding sunburn. Dietary sources, including fatty fish, fortified foods, and supplements, can help fill the gap where sunlight is insufficient. For more information on vitamin D, its health benefits, and safe ways to obtain it, visit the NIH Office of Dietary Supplements vitamin D resource.

47. Using Expired Foods

Consuming expired foods increases the risk of exposure to harmful bacteria and their toxins, which can compromise stomach health and elevate the likelihood of gastrointestinal illnesses. Over time, perishable items such as dairy, meats, and prepared meals become breeding grounds for pathogens like Salmonella, Listeria, and Clostridium botulinum. These bacteria can produce toxins that persist even after cooking, leading to food poisoning, inflammation, and potential long-term damage to the stomach lining. According to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), eating food past its expiration or “use by” date is not recommended, as safety and nutritional quality can no longer be guaranteed.

Best-before and expiration practices vary by country and product; in some regions, food waste is minimized by using items slightly past their best-before date if they appear safe, but this approach carries risk. To protect your health, always check labels for expiration dates and inspect for signs of spoilage such as off-odors, discoloration, or mold. For more information on reading food labels and safe storage, visit the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) food safety resource page.

48. Frequent Fasting for Religious or Cultural Reasons Without Medical Oversight

Frequent or prolonged fasting for religious or cultural reasons, when undertaken without medical guidance, may have unintended effects on gastric health. Extended periods without food can alter stomach acid production, weaken the mucosal barrier, and increase susceptibility to gastritis or ulcer formation. Over time, these changes can contribute to chronic inflammation, which is a risk factor for the development of stomach tumors. According to the National Institutes of Health (NIH), fasting without appropriate preparation or refeeding strategies can stress the digestive system, particularly in individuals with underlying health conditions.

Practices such as Ramadan in Islam, Lent in Christianity, and fasting rituals in Hinduism and Buddhism are observed globally, with varying durations and dietary restrictions. While these traditions can offer spiritual and cultural benefits, it is important to approach fasting safely, especially if it is frequent or prolonged. Health experts recommend consulting a healthcare provider before beginning any fasting regimen to ensure it is appropriate for your age, medical history, and nutritional status. For more advice on safe fasting and maintaining digestive health during religious observances, visit the CDC nutrition resource.

49. Excessive Use of Artificial Sweeteners

Artificial sweeteners, including aspartame, saccharin, sucralose, and others, are widely used as sugar substitutes in diet beverages, processed foods, and low-calorie products. While these additives are considered safe within acceptable daily intake limits by regulatory agencies, research has raised concerns about their impact on gut health and potential links to cancer. Some studies, such as those highlighted by the National Institutes of Health (NIH), suggest artificial sweeteners may alter the gut microbiome, promote inflammation, and adversely affect digestive function, which could contribute to increased cancer risk with excessive or long-term use.

Regulatory bodies like the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) maintain that approved artificial sweeteners are safe when consumed within recommended limits. However, health experts advise moderation and limiting the use of artificial additives in favor of natural sweetness from fruits or minimal added sugars. For more information on artificial sweeteners, their safety profiles, and strategies for reducing artificial additives in your diet, visit the American Cancer Society page on artificial sweeteners and cancer risk.

50. Not Seeking Care for Unexplained Weight Loss

Unintentional weight loss—losing weight without changes in diet or exercise—can be an early warning sign of serious health conditions, including stomach tumors. This symptom often occurs when cancer affects metabolism, appetite, or nutrient absorption. Many individuals dismiss or delay seeking medical attention for unexplained weight loss, attributing it to stress or minor illness, which can result in delayed diagnosis and poorer outcomes. The American Cancer Society identifies unexplained weight loss as a key symptom that warrants prompt evaluation, particularly when accompanied by other digestive complaints.

Patient stories shared by groups like the Stomach Cancer Foundation frequently reveal that overlooked weight loss was one of the first signs of their illness. Early assessment by a healthcare provider can lead to timely testing, diagnosis, and intervention, improving the chances of successful treatment and better prognosis. Anyone experiencing significant weight loss without a clear cause should promptly consult a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation. For more information on the significance of unexplained weight loss and when to seek help, visit the National Cancer Institute symptoms guide.

Conclusion

Recognizing and modifying habits that increase vulnerability to stomach tumors is essential for long-term health. Many risk factors—ranging from dietary choices and lifestyle patterns to environmental exposures—can be addressed by making informed, proactive decisions. Embracing a balanced diet, regular physical activity, and mindful self-care can significantly lower cancer risk. If you notice persistent symptoms or have additional risk factors, consider routine screening or consulting a healthcare provider for personalized guidance. Early intervention makes a crucial difference in outcomes. For more on prevention and screening, visit the American Cancer Society’s prevention page and the National Cancer Institute’s screening resource.

Disclaimer

This article is for informational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult your physician or a qualified healthcare provider with any questions regarding a medical condition. For more information, visit the National Cancer Institute.

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